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KJG Organizational Behaviour

Biographical Characteristics

Biographical Characteristics

Personal characteristics—such as age, gender, race and

tenure—that are objective and easily obtained from

personnel records

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Ability, Intellect, and Intelligence

Ability

An individual’s capacity to perform the

various tasks in a job

Intellectual Ability

The capacity to do mental activities

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Physical Abilities

Physical Abilities

The capacity to do tasks demanding

stamina, dexterity, strength, and

similar characteristics

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Ability-Job

Fit

The Ability-Job Fit

Employee’s

Abilities

Job’s Ability

Requirements

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5

Personality Concepts

Personality : The unique and relatively stablepatterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotionsshown by individuals.

Interactionist Perspective: The view that behavioris a result of a complex interplay betweenpersonality and situational factors.

Person-Job Fit : The extent to which individualspossess the traits and competencies required toperform specific jobs.

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The Interactionist Perspective

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The Big Five Dimensions of Personality

Five basic dimensions of personality that are

assumed to underlie many specific traits.

 –Conscientiousness

 – Extraversion-Introversion

 – Agreeableness

 –Emotional Stability

 – Openness to Experience

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Conscientiousness

The extent to which

individuals are hardworking,

organized, dependable, andpersevering (high

conscientiousness) versus

lazy, disorganized, and

unreliable (lowconscientiousness).

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Extraversion-Introversion

The degree to whichindividuals are

gregarious, assertive,and sociable(extraverts) versusbeing reserved, timid,and quiet (introverts).

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Agreeableness

The extent to which

individuals are

cooperative and warm

(highly agreeable)

versus cold and

belligerent (highlydisagreeable).

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Emotional Stability

The degree to whichindividuals are insecure,

anxious, depressed, andemotional (emotionallyunstable) versus calm,self-confident, and

secure (emotionallystable).

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Openness to Experience

The extent to which

individuals are creative,

curious, and cultured

(open to experience)

versus practical and

with narrow interests

(closed to experience).

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Self-Efficacy

Individuals’ beliefs concerning their ability to

perform specific tasks successfully.

Judgments of self-efficacy consist of threecomponents:

Magnitude: The level at which an individual believes she

or he can perform.

Strength: The person’s confidence that she or he canperform at that level.

Generality : The extent to which self-efficacy in onesituation or for one task extends to other situations andother tasks.

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Type A vs. Type B

Task Performance Type As tend to excel on tasks involving time pressure

or solitary work.

Type Bs have the advantage when it comes to tasksinvolving complex judgments and accuracy as opposedto speed.

Interpersonal Relations Type As tend to annoy coworkers, are more likely to

lose their tempers and lash out at others, are morelikely to become involved in conflict, and are morelikely to engage in aggressive and counterproductivebehavior.