Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge
description
Transcript of Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge
![Page 1: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Oak Valley Middle School
Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge
Coach: Jay Trischman
Phone: 858-312-1342 (home) 858-472-5651 (cell)
E-mail: [email protected]
![Page 2: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the Elevated Bridge Event ?
• Teams of 2 will build a bridge prior to the competition.
• It must be constructed only of wood bonded by glue
• It must meet a set of size limits listed in the rules
• During the competition, you will test how much weight the bridge will hold
• You will add weight until it reaches 15 kg or until the bridge breaks
• Score = weight held divided by the bridge’s weight
Strength and Weight are Equally Important
![Page 3: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bridge Dimensions - 2010
20 cm 15 cm
20 cm opening
Loading Block
Chain
Sand Bucket (not to scale)
Test Platform
Also see drawing at: http://soinc.org/elevated_bridge_b
35 cm span
5 cm bearing zone
5 cm
15 cm clear area
![Page 4: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Size Rules• Bridge must span at least 35 cm• Bridge can touch test surface only in “bearing zone” 5
cm on either side of span• Bridge must be less than 20 cm high• Bridge must have clearance for 15 cm x 15 cm block• Bridge must support 5 cm x 5 cm loading block centered
over opening• Bridge must provide space for a chain or rod to extend
below loading block• There is no restriction on the width of the bridge
Bridges that don’t meet the rules are penalized
![Page 5: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Materials
• The bridge must be built of wood only– No bamboo, paper, particle board, composite
material, or pre-laminated wood– We will have Balsa wood for you to use– You can get other types may be from hobby and
craft stores – Thin pieces can be laminated (glued together in
layers) to create stronger, thicker pieces if needed
Remember, weight is important
![Page 6: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Glue
• Any kind of glue can be used– “Super” glue is strong and dries quickly
( Use sparingly and Don’t glue your fingers together )
– White wood glue (must dry overnight)
Remember, weight is important
![Page 7: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Designing Your Bridge• Designing means creating plans of how your bridge will
look and be built• Look for ideas in structures you see around you• The bridge must be elevated, so it might look different from
the winners in other contests.• The bridge must be light and strong; you probably want to
use a truss design
Tower Bridge Truss Bridge
![Page 8: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Your Design Ideas
• Start with sketches in a notebook• Include notes about how thick each piece should be• After the bridge is built and tested you will add notes
about what works and what doesn’t work• Your plans and notes let you rebuild a bridge that
breaks• You can also make improvements each time so each
bridge is better than the last
![Page 9: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hints: Building A Strong Bridge
• The vertical pieces are called columns• Columns break by buckling (bending in
the middle) when loaded
• To prevent buckling, attach cross-pieces to the columns
• The angled pieces give stiffness by forming triangles
Weight
Buckling
Triangles are your friend !
![Page 10: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Truss Design• A truss is a structure made of straight thin members
connected to each other, usually forming triangles• Each member (piece) of a truss is either
– under Compression (being squeezed) or– under Tension (being stretched)
• Computer programs can tell you the amount and type of forces in each member of a truss
![Page 11: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example Truss Analysis
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-0 55
-178
-55
156
-133
55
111
-55
-89
55
67
-82 82
-19
-29 76
0
178
-178
55
156
-55
-133
55
111
-55
-89
67
55-69
-27
69
-1260
length, cm
He
igh
t, c
m
Load
Red pieces are under compression, black are under tension.Higher numbers mean larger force.
![Page 12: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Construction Hints• The side sections (trusses) of your bridge can be built on
top of your full-sized plans– Tape the plans to a piece of cardboard– Cover the plans with wax paper– Cut wood and check sizes against the plans– Use tape or pins on either side of the wood strips to hold them
while the glue dries
![Page 13: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Construction• Build two identical trusses and attach them together• One approach is to use stacks of books and tape to hold
the trusses in place• Make sure the spacing and alignment is exact and the
trusses are vertical• Glue in cross pieces on each end and the top• Once these have dried, remove the books and add the
rest of the cross supports
![Page 14: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Competition – Set up
• On competition day the Bridges are weighed and placed on a test stand
• The loading block with a chain or rod attached is put in place …
![Page 15: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Competition - Loading
The student adds sand to a bucket suspended from the bridge until the bridge breaks or the maximum weight (15 kg.) is reached.
The loading technique is important too!
![Page 16: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Testing
• The best way to learn what works is to build bridges and then break them !
• Each failure teaches us something
![Page 17: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
On-line Resources
• The Science Olympiad Site:http://soinc.org/elevated_bridge_b
• Truss designerhttp://www.jhu.edu/virtlab/bridge/bridge.htm
• Some pictures and ideas:http://www.bridgesite.com/funand.htm
• Check out YouTube to see videos of bridges being tested
• Notes that some bridge contests have different rules
![Page 18: Oak Valley Middle School Science Olympiad Elevated Bridge](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56814726550346895db460f1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Meetings / Practices
• Competition: Saturday, Feb 6, 2009 atBernardo Middle School
• Meeting / Building Sessions:– Place: Trischman House - 9647 Deer Trail Dr.– Days: Wednesday (alternating weeks)– Time: 4:30 – 6:00 pm
• Possible Dates: – Oct 14, Oct 28, Nov 11, Dec 9, …– These weeks fall on Thanksgiving and Christmas
• What are you conflicts and preferences?