O “Present Perfect” refere-se a “ações recentes” ou a “ações passadas sem tempo definido”.

Ações recentes

The professor has just answered her question.We have just allowed the kids to go shopping.I have just forgotten my login details! How can I retrieve them?

Ações passadas sem tempo definido

They have adopted that girl as their daughter. He has tried to kill himself with a mixture of alcohol and pills. We have gone too far and we do not know how to stop.

Estrutura

I have triedYou have doneHe has goneShe has preparedIt has workedWe have heardYou have plannedThey have felt

I‘ve triedYou’ve doneHe’s goneShe’s preparedIt’s workedWe’ve heardYou’ve plannedThey’ve felt

Contracted formNormal form

To have + Verbo Principal no Particípio

She has left without letting me know.They have changed the password, out of the blue.He has been accused of being a double agent!

Para indicar uma ação passada sem tempo definido.

She left without a trace yesterday .You changed everything last night .He went to Paris two days ago .

mas

Para expressar uma ação que tem se repetido recentemente.

She has insisted

many timesseveral timesmore than twicemore than three times

O "Present Perfect" também é usado quando uma ação que iniciou no passado se prolonga até o momento presente.

John has run the company since 2005.

They have imported computer parts for four years .

Exemplos:

AlreadyAlreadyYetYetJustJustNeverNeverEverEver

Advérbios usados com o “Present perfect”.

LatelyLatelyRecentlyRecentlySo farSo farUp to nowUp to now

Significa "já" e aparece nas formas afirmativa e interrogativa.

He has already reported the events.They have already packed their clothes.

Has he already sent that item?Have they already picked the students?

Already

Affirmative form

Interrogative form

Exemplos:

Significa "ainda" e "já" e aparece nas formas interrogativa e negativa.

He hasn’t changed many things in the project yet. ( ainda )

Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles? I haven't read the book yet. ( ainda )

Has he written the article yet ? ( já )Have they gone there yet ? ( já )

Yet

Exemplos:

Significa "exatamente, precisamente ou acabar de" e aparece entre o verbo "to have" e o “verbo principal no particípio” .

(O advérbio "just" indica que a ação aconteceu recentemente)

He has just gone with that Scientific stuff.He has just accepted a scholarship to study at Yale.

Just

Exemplos:

Significa "nunca" e aparece entre o verbo "to have" e o “verbo principal” no particípio .

She has never had plastic surgery .They're seeing species they have never seen before.

Never

Exemplos:

Significa "alguma vez" e aparece entre “o sujeito” e o “verbo principal” no particípio.

Have you ever thought about getting married?Have they ever felt scared in the night or had a nightmare?

Ever

Exemplos:

Significam "ultimamente" e “recentemente” e aparecem no “final da frase ou ideia”.

He hasn’t noticed anything significant lately .They have gone to London lately .

John hasn't talked about Legal Practice recently .Ask them how many books they have read recently .

Lately/Recently

Exemplos:

Significam “até aqui” ou “até agora” e geralmente aparecem no “final da frase ou ideia”.

The story we wanted to tell hasn't been told so far.She hasn't agreed so far to be interviewed by The NYT.

His personality has inspired thousands of teenagers up to now.We feel we've had a pretty good year up to now.

So far/Up to now

Exemplos:

Complete the sentences using the verbs in the present perfect tense:  1. I___________ that sugar is poisonous to health. (to read)2.Unicef says kids ____________under illegal conditions.(to work)3.The president___________to China to inaugurate a seminar of the G20. (to travel)4.Those people _______ just________ to embrace the cause. (to decide)5.Hillary _________ turn her reputation as a champion of women's rights. (to try)

have hashas

have decided

has has

have read worked

traveled

tried

In the following sentences, supply either the past tense or the present perfect tense of the verbs in parentheses. 1.I keep trying new ideas but none _____________ so farso far. (to work)2.Her boss_____to New York city last night. (to go)3.The members of the board _________ the report several timesseveral times. (to read)4.I ____ Jennifer when I was in Seattle in 2005. (to meet)5.The first lady ____ nevernever _______ her husband's very public affair. (to handle)6. Samantha _____ justjust_________ an offer of employment with the Holiday Inn in L.A. (to accept)7. Daniel ______ charges of prejudice last month.(to deny)8. If you ___________there yetyet, you have to go. (to go - negative)

have

have

has handled

worked

wentwentread

metmet

denieddenied

has accepted

haven’t gone

9.I _______to George a few days ago. (to talk)10.Molly____ nevernever_____in a situation like this before. (to be)11.______ you everever______ the rain? (to see)12.They ________to Paris last winter. (to travel)13.We_____that movie last year. (to see)14.They______________no updates concerning the weather up to nowup to now. (to receive)15. ______ you alreadyalready ____ your soulmate/true love and not realised it? (to meet)16. The researcher________________what to do with the sample yetyet. (to decide - negative)17. She _____without a trace yesterday. (to leave)18. They _______about the agreement signed a few hours ago. (to lie)

has beenHave seen

traveledtraveled

talkedtalked

sawsawhave received

Have met

has not decided

leftleftliedlied

Test 1

(UNESP - SP) (UNESP - SP) - Check the right alternative according to the use of the“Present Perfect”: a) I live here since 1970. b) I have lived here since 1970. c) I am living here since 1970. d) I will live here since 1970. e) I would live here since 1970.

Test 2

(PUCCAMP – SP) - Assinale a letra correspondente a alternativa que preenche corretamente as lacunas da frase apresentada.

Sandy: Hi, Jack. Jack: Hi, Sandy. Sandy: Gosh! I _____________ you for ages! Jack: That's true. I_______ from a trip to Japan just yesterday.

a) saw - am returning; b) saw - returned; c) have seen - have returned; d) haven't seen - returned; e) haven't seen - have returned.

Test 3

(ITA – SP) - Assinale a altemativa que completa a frase corretamente:

He _________ them yesterday although he _______ very busy lately.

a) rings, was; b) rang, was; c) rang, has been; d) has rung, has been; e) none of these.

(UEM – PR) - Check the right alternative; I___________him many years ago. We________good friends since then.

a) met; wereb) met; have beenc) have met; have beend) have met; weree) met; are

Test 4

(UEPG) - My friend__________her grandparents since Christmas.

a) sawb) hasn’t seenc) doesn’t seend) haven’t seene) were seen

Test 5

(UEL – PR) - Choose the right alternative. – Sue must be very rich.– Yes, she _________ since she was 19. a) has make a lot of money.b) has made a lot of money.c) has been make a lot of money.d) hasn’t make much money.e) hasn’t been made much money. 

Test 6

(PUC - PR) - Find the correct use of the Present Perfect Tense: 1) I've answered all the questions.2) He has stayed in that position for half an hour.3) Jane's writen a book.4) The writer has written a new book last year.5) Lice has been a problem to mankind for years.6) Some thieves have robbed the bank a week ago.7) My men have slept for five hours. Choose the right alternative: a) 1 - 2 - 5 - 7b) 1 - 2 - 4 - 5c) 1 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7d) 2 - 3 - 7e) 1 - 2

Test 7

Test 8

(UFRGS) - Complete a frase a seguir com a forma verbal mais adequada para cada lacuna:

The kids ............. in love with the Tamagotchi when they first ............. it, but they ............. with it lately.

a) fell - saw - have not playedb) fall - see - did not playc) fell - see - did not playd) have fallen - seen - do not playe) fall - saw - have not played

(UERJ -RJ) - '"The large scale entrance of women into the professions since the 1960s has posed many ideological and aesthetic challenges: “Many of the basic principles associated with exclusively male executive office subcultures, have endured.”

The temporal reference expressed by the verb forms "has posed and have endured" is best analyzed as.  a) situations beginning at a prior point continuing into the present. b) actions occurring at a specified prior time with current relevance. c) actions completed in the past prior to other past points in time. d) situations developed over a prior time period and now completed.

Test 9

(Mackenzie) - The verb forms that correctly fill in blanks I, II and III in the text are: "This is the best thing that _ ( I ) _ to me in a long time. It _ ( II ) _ beautifully. I can read again. It __ ( III ) _ my complete outlook."

Wanda Coupe Carlsbad, NM a) has happened - works - has changedb) is happening - does work - has been changedc) had happened - worked - will be changingd) happened - is working - hasn't changede) will happen - has been working - changed 

Test 10