No.15-1 2017 i

No.15-1 Jan.2017

Evacuation Guidance Scheme considering Motivation to Search Disaster Information ················································································· ········ 1

Linguistic Analysis of Water/landslide Disaster Warnings

········································································ ······ 17

Creating a multi-language dictionary of Earthquake Early Warning

····························································································· ······ 29

An Analysis on Production Process of Disaster Education Material in a Disaster Affected Area Using Disaster Digital Archive: Participant Observation and Interview Survey on Making Process of Supplementary Reading Material for Disaster Education in Tagajo City

·············································································· ······ 41

Determinants of behavioral intention of tsunami evacuation

················· ······ 53

Earthquake disaster measures in the chemical substance management system.

····························································································· ······ 65

ii No.15-1 2017

350-8585 2100

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,, , Vol.51, pp.9-33.

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pp.271-292.2015 , , 17

, pp.166-167.Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1973), From pervasive ambiguity to a definition of

the situation, Sociometry, Vol. 36, No.3, pp.378-389.Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1985), The origins of individual media system

dependency: Sociological framework, Communication Research,Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 485-510.

Budner, S. (1962), Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable, Journal of Personality, Vol. 30, pp. 29-50.

Communication (5th ed.), Longman1994

.

Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1949), Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional and perceptual personality variable, Journal of Personality, 18, pp.108-143.

Fritz, C. E. & Marks, E. S. (1954), The NORC studies of human behavior in disaster, Journal of Social Issues, 10, pp/26-41.

Hirschburg, P., D. Dillman & S. Ball-Rokeach (1986), Media Systems Dependency Theory: Responses to the Eruption of Mt. St. Helens. in S. Ball-Rokeach & M.Cantor (Eds.) Media, Audience and Social Structure, Sage Publications, pp.117-126.

Lowrey, W. (2004), Media dependency during a large-scale social disruption: The case of September 11, Mass Communication & Society, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.339–357.

Perry, R. W. (1979), Evacuation decision-making in natural disasters, Mass Emergencies, 4, pp.25-38.

Rogers, R. W. (1983), Cognitive and psychological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation, Social Psychophysiology, in J.T. Cacioppo & R. E. Petty (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press, pp.153-176.

Turner, R. H. (1976), Earthquake prediction and public policy, Mass Emergencies, 1, pp.179-202.

Evacuation Guidance Scheme considering Motivation to Search Disaster Information

Yasushi OIKAWA Toshitaka KATADA

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8430, JAPAN

Division of Environmental Engineering Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, JAPAN

ABSTRACT

It can be seen that numbers of people who experience vague but menacing apprehensions do not evacuate in case of disaster which involves an advantage of time for occurrence of disaster, such as flooding or Tsunami, due to their own behavior to search more disaster information until dispelling their apprehensions. In this paper, we discuss an evacuation guidance scheme considering the above people’s motivation to search disaster information.

As a result, the possibility of converting the above no-evacuated people into evacuated people is found out by setting up the condition of evacuation spaces which can satisfy people’s demands for disaster information, thorough a mathematical modeling of decision-making process for multiple behavior patterns, namely, an evacuation behavior, asearching behavior for disaster information, a reduction behavior in a damage of own household possessions, and an ordinary behavior without any additional actions against disaster.

Keywords Evacuation Behavior, Searching Behavior for Disaster Information, Mathematical Modeling of Decision-making Process, Evacuation Guidance Scheme

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965-8580 90

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2637049027-8

1)

(2006)

(https://www.city.toyokawa.lg.jp/kurashi/anzenanshin/bosai/manu

al/hinankankokumanual.files/hinankankokumanyuaru.pdf) (2016

6 27 )

2011)

, , 78,

27-38.

2013)

,

, 81, 91-105.

(2010)

(https://www.city.nanao.lg.jp/bosai/documents/hinan_kankoku_m

anual_honpen.pdf) (2016 6 27 )

2011)

61, (9), 32-53.

2012)

62, (11), 2-15.

2003)

: , 34, 255-264.

(2012)

(http://www.vill.chihayaakasaka.osaka.jp/images/bosai/hinanhand

an/hinankankoku-manual.pdf) (2016 6 27 )

(2012)

(http://www.city.neyagawa.osaka.jp/ikkrwebBrowse/material/file

s/group/18/honpen2.pdf) (2016 6 27 )

2004)

2004 3 , 31-49.

(2001)

,18, (2), 311-316.

(2001)

, 7, 155-160.

(2010)

, 63, (4), 4-

15.

(2010)

(http://www.city.tosa.lg.jp/bousai/shelter_manual.pdf) (2016 6

27 )

(http://www.mlit.go.jp/river/pamphlet_jirei/bousai/saigai/kiroku/s

uigai/suigai.html#chap1) (2016 6 25 )

(2008)

, 36, (12), 1181-1185.

(http://law.e-

gov.go.jp/htmldata/S36/S36HO223.html) (2016 6 25 )

(2008)

pp.52-57.

(2016),

No.14, pp.11-16.

(2015)

(http://www.bousai.go.jp/oukyu/hinankankoku/guideline/pdf/1508

19_honbun.pdf) (2016 11 30 )

(2011)

(http://www.vill.takayama.nagano.jp/admin/general_affairs/pdf/ju

dgment_manual201108.pdf) (2016 6 27 )

(2004)

pp.75-101.

(1) (2008)

pp.154-163.

(2) (2008)

—

pp.94-107.

(3) (2008)

pp.164-169.

(2014)

(http://www.town.sayo.lg.jp/cms-

sypher/open_imgs/info/0000005702.pdf) (2016 6 27 )

(2004)

(2016),

No.14, pp. 1-10.

Austin, John L. (1962) How to Do Things with Words, Oxford: The

Clarendon Press.

Brookshire, Robert H. (1992) Introduction to Neurogenic

Communication Disorders, 8th ed. St. Louis, MO.: Elsevier, Inc.

DeLeeuw, Krista E. & Mayer, Richard E. (2008) A comparison of

three measures of cognitive load: Evidence for separable

measures of intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load. Journal of

Educational Psychology, 100, (1), 223-234.

Ogasawara, Naomi & Ginsburg, Jason (2015) Linguistic analysis of

Japanese tsunami evacuation calls. Proceedings of the 2nd

International Conference of Information and Communication

Technologies for Disaster Management, 173-177.

Searle, John R. (1979) Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory

of Speech Acts, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Sperber, Dan & Wilson, Deirdre (1996) Relevance: Communication &

Cognition. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, Inc.

Linguistic Analysis of Water/landslide Disaster Warnings

Naomi OGASAWARA Kenta OFUJI

Department of International Communication, Gunma Prefectural Women’s University379-1193 1395-1 Kaminote, Tamamura, Gunma, Japan

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu965-8580 90 Tsuruga Ikki-machiAizuwakamatsu Fukushima, Japan

ABSTRACT

This study collected water/landslide warnings from 56 autonomous bodies in Japan, categorized the warnings in “preparation”, “advisory”, and “directive” based on the urgency level, and linguistically analyzed them in terms of the number of sentences and phrases, requests, imperatives, single, compound, embedded clauses, relative clauses, passives, and types of information included in the warnings. After the analysis, the following results were found: 1) awarning is consisted of 5 sentences and 30~34 phrases in average; 2) there is a proportional relationship between the syntactic complexity of language and urgency level; 3) evacuation acts are expressed in request sentences instead of imperatives in many of the warnings; 4) warnings include information about sender, receivers, urgency level, shelter, risks, and evacuation acts.

Keywords Water/Landslide, Disaster warnings, Linguistic analysis

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The Department of Fire and Emergency Services, Government of Western Australia Government of Canada

GNS Science Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) American Red Cross

Do not panic. Keep calm. (NOAA) Stay calm (Canada) Stay calm (Philippine institute of seismology) Don't panic (Philippine institute of seismology)

Protect yourself. (Philippine institute of seismology) Protect yourself during earthquake shaking. (FEMA) Keep yourself safe. (New Zealand)

Protect your head with your arms. (Philippine institute of seismology) Protect your head and neck with your arms. (FEMA)

You need to protect yourself quickly from things that may fall. (ITIC) Beware of falling objects. (Philippine institute of seismology) Stay away from windows, chimneys and anything above you that could fall. (Australia)

Stay away from glass windows, shelves, cabinets and other heavy objects. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Look for a safe place. (NOAA) Move only a few steps to a nearby safe place. (American Red Cross) Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place. (Australia)

Duck under a sturdy desk or table. (Philippine institute of seismology) Drop, cover, and hold on. (FEMA) Drop to the floor, take cover under a sturdy desk or table, and hold on to it firmly. (FEMA) Drop, cover, and hold on. (Canada) Drop under heavy furniture such as a table, desk, bed or any solid furniture. Hold on to the object that you are under so that you remain covered. (Canada) Crawl under heavy furniture, a desk or table. If there is not a desk or table near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building or in a door way. (Australia) Take cover under something strong, like a sturdy desk or table. (New Zealand) Safest place during an earthquake is under a desk or table. (NOAA)

Stay away from shelve, cabinets and other heavy objects. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Do not go outside! (FEMA) Do not run outdoors. (NOAA) Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you are sure it is safe to exit. (American Red Cross) Stay inside during an earthquake. (Canada) Stay indoors until the shaking stops. (Australia) Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you're sure it's safe to go outside. (New Zealand) You're generally safer inside than outside. (New Zealand)

If possible, quickly open the door for exit. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Pull over to the side of the road, stop, and set the parking brake. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over. (FEMA) Slow down and drive to a clear place. (American Red Cross) Pull over to a safe place where you are not blocking the road. Keep roads clear for rescue and emergency vehicles. (Canada) Stop the car and stay inside. (Canada) Slow down and drive to a clear place. Stay in the car until the shaking stops. (New Zealand) If you're in a moving vehicle, Stop and get out! (Philippine institute of seismology)

Keep calm (NOAA) Stay calm (Philippine institute of seismology) Don't panic (Philippine institute of seismology)

Stay put until the shaking stops. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Avoid hanging objects. (FEMA) Stay away from falling objects like hanging lamps. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Stay away from brick walls as they may be damaged or weakened and could collapse. (Canada) Stay away from concrete structures. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Stay away from falling objects such as pieces of broken glass windows. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Find a clear spot away from buildings. (American Red Cross) Go to an open area away from buildings. The most dangerous place is near exterior walls. (Canada)

Don't enter damaged buildings (Philippine institute of seismology) Do not enter damaged buildings. (Australia)

Do not use elevators. (FEMA) Do not use escalators or lifts. If you are in an elevator, hit the button for every floor and get out as soon as you can. (Canada) Don't use elevators. (Philippine institute of seismology)

Move away from steep slopes which may be affected by landslides. (Philippine institute of seismology)

HP

Earthquake Early Warning issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)An earthquake has just occurred in XX Prefecture.Watch out for strong tremors.Strong tremors are expected to reach the prefectures of XX, XX and XX.

Earthquake Early Warning Japan Meteorological AgencyStrong shaking is expected soon. Stay calm and seek shelter nearby.

An earthquake has just occurred.Stay calm and secure your personal safety.

Strong tremors will soon hit.

XX seconds to the arrival of strong tremors

A major earthquake has just occurred.The seismic intensity is expected to be X.

The seismic intensity is expected to be X or greater.

JMA has cancelled the EEW.

27 3

27 10

Safety tips NTT

HP

HPHP PDF

DOCX http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/eqev/data/tagengo/tagengo.html

http://cidir.iii.u-tokyo.ac.jp/pubictions/pg190.html

http://human.cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/kokugo/ej-top.html

http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/news03_000136.html

http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/List.do?lid=000001118467

http://www.jnto.go.jp/jpn/statistics/visitor_trends/index.html

The Department of Fire and Emergency Services, Government of Western Australia Before an Earthquake DFES 2016.7.10

https://www.dfes.wa.gov.au/safetyinformation/earthquake/Pages/beforeanearthquake.aspx

Government of Canada Earthquakes - What to Do? 2016.7.10

http://www.getprepared.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/rthqks-wtd/index-en.aspx

GNS Science EQC Earthquake Commission 2016.7.10

http://www.eqc.govt.nz/ Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Earthquake tips: what to do before, during, and after

2016.7.10 http://www.rappler.com/nation/1366-earthquake-tips-what-to-do-before-during-and-after

Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) Putting down roots in earthquake country 2016.7.10

http://www.earthquakecountry.org/roots/PuttingDownRootsSoCal2011.pdf

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) tommy tsunami coloring book 2016.7.10

http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/pdfs/tommy_tsunami_coloring_book.pdf

American Red Cross Earthquake Preparedness 2016.7.10

http://www.redcross.org/local/california/los-angeles/programs-services/preparedness-education/earthquake-preparedness

Creating a multi-language dictionary of Earthquake Early Warning

Kazuhide AKAISHI

Seismology and Volcanology Department, Japan Meteorological Agency100-8122 1-3-4 Otemachi Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, Japan

ABSTRACT

Quick response is required when Earthquake Early Warning is issued; however, it is not easy for foreigners tounderstand and take immediate actions against these messages because of the difference of culture, background and language. It is desirable to provide disaster management information in multiple languages and a multi-language dictionary will be useful for this aim. This paper describes detailed procedures for the creation of a multi-language dictionary for Earthquake Early Warning messages: Step #1. making a Japanese word list used in the original messages; Step #2. converting the words, especially technical terms, to plain ones; Step #3. selecting corresponding English expressions; Step #4. making a Japanese-English dictionary with the plain Japanese terms and English expressions; Step #5. creating a multi-language dictionary for Earthquake Early Warning messages from the Japanese word list prepared at Step #1. using the plain terms and the Japanese-English dictionary as reference.Points to note in the process are also explained in detail so that this paper will be of help in creating multi-language dictionaries for other kinds of disaster management information.

Keywords Earthquake Early Warning, Tsunami Warning, dictionary for many different languages, disaster information system

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2016.7.10http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/soshiki/supoken/fukudokuhon.html

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2016.6.302017.1.25

An Analysis on Production Process of Disaster Education Material in a Disaster Affected Area Using

Disaster Digital Archive:Participant Observation and Interview Survey on

Making Process of Supplementary Reading Material for Disaster Education in Tagajo City

Shosuke SATO Fumihiko IMAMURA

International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University980-0845 468-1 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan

ABSTRACT

Many disaster digital archives have been developed after the occurring of 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster in Japan. Using disaster digital archive become gradually popular for planning workshop and education for disaster reduction. In this paper, we have conducted participant observation at making process of supplementary reading material for disaster education in Tagajo City which includes contents from Tagajo digital archive system of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake disaster, and interview survey to the players to clear problems of using archive. The results are as follows. Because there are not only Tagajo City digital archive system of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster but also the digital archivist who develop, operate and maintain the system as daily work, detect and selection disaster pictures to include in supplementary reading material for disaster education

Keywords Disaster Digital Archive, Disaster Education, Picture, Participant Observation, Interview Survey

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Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A.(1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reducelittering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58,1015-1026.

Glanz,K., Barbara K. Rimer, K. Viswanath(1990). Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, Jossey-Bass

Rogers,R.W.(1975) A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change, Journal of Psychology,91,93-114

Rogers,R.W.(1983) Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In J.T. Cacioppo, R Petty(Eds.),Social Psychophysiology, New York;Guilford Press. pp.153-177

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Determinants of behavioral intention of tsunami evacuation

Saneyuki UDAGAWA Nobuhiro MIFUNE Chikako ISOUCHI Xinyue HUUANG

Yuki SADAIKE Atsushi TANAKA

Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution651-0073 1-5-2 Wakinohama Kaigan-dori Chuo-ku Kobe Hyogo, Japan

Kochi University of Technology780-851 2-22 Eikokuji, Kochi City,Japan

Kagawa University Instituteof Education, Research and Regional Cooperation for Crisis Management Shikoku760-8521 1-1 Saiwaicho Takamatsu City,Japan

Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo113-0033 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

The Center for Integrated Disaster Information Research, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo

113-0033 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

ABSTRACT

This study examined factors which influence the intention of evacuation behavior. In the first part of the paper, we overviewed the psychological research dealing with the risk reduction behavior. We expected that the behavioral intention of evacuation is determined by six cognitive factors; perceived risk, response-efficacy, self-efficacy, response cost, descriptive norm, injunctive norm. For verifying the working appropriateness of the hypothesis, we conducted a questionnaire survey of tsunami evacuation, in Kochi prefecture. The result of factor analysis showed that factors which are interpreted as “response-efficacy" and "self-efficacy" were confirmed. However, "subjective norm" and "descriptive norm", and “perceived risk" and " response cost" are not separated, and a total of 4 factors were confirmed. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, the effect of the response-efficacy factor had the greatest influence on the intention of evacuation behavior.

Keywords Evacuation , Tsunami, Attitude Change, behavioral intention

Keywords Great East Japan Earthquake, Risk communication, Chemical substances. Regional disaster prevention plans