NZS 3109:1997Incorporating Amendment No. 1 and No. 2

New Zealand Standard

Concrete constructionSuperseding NZS 3109:1987

NZS 3109:1997

COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION

This Standard was prepared by the Concrete Construction Committee (P 3109), for the Standards Council established under the Standards Act 1988.

The Concrete Construction Committee consisted of representatives of the following organizations:

Association of Consulting Engineers New Zealand

Building Research Association of New Zealand

Cement and Concrete Association of New Zealand

Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand

New Zealand Contractors Federation

New Zealand Master Builders Federation

New Zealand Ready Mixed Concrete Association

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Standards New Zealand gratefully acknowledges the contribution of time and expertise from all those involved in developing this Standard.

COPYRIGHT

The copyright of this document is the property of the Standards Council. No part of this document may be reproduced by photocopying or by any other means without the prior written permission of the Chief Executive of Standards New Zealand, unless the circumstances are covered by Part 3 of the Copyright Act 1994.

Standards New Zealand will vigorously defend the copyright in this Standard. Every person who breaches Standards New Zealand’s copyright may be liable, under section 131(5) (a) of the Copyright Act 1994, to a fine not exceeding $10,000 for every infringing copy to which the offence relates, but not exceeding $150,000 for the same transaction, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years. Those in breach under section 131(5) (b) of the Copyright Act 1994 may be liable to a fine not exceeding $150,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years. If there has been a flagrant breach of copyright, Standards New Zealand may also seek additional damages from the infringing party, in addition to obtaining injunctive relief and an account of profits.

Published by Standards New Zealand, the trading arm of the Standards Council, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6140. Telephone: (04) 498 5990; Fax: (04) 498 5994; Website: www.standards.co.nz.

AMENDMENTS

No. Date of issue Description Entered by, and date

1 August 2003 This amendment is a result of NZS 3104:2003 being published. This fully

revised Standard no longer refers to ‘grades of concrete’. The terminology is

now Normal Concrete, Special Concrete and Prescribed Mix Concrete. This

amendment applies to Sections 1, 6 and 9 of NZS 3109.

Incorporated in this

edition.

2 March 2004 Amended to provide for reinforcing steel manufactured to

AS/NZS 4671:2001.

Incorporated in this

edition.

NZS 3109:1997

New Zealand Standard

NZS 3109:1997 Incorporating Amendments No. 1 and No. 2

ISBN (Print) 978-1-86975-224-8ISBN (PDF) 978-1-86975-225-5

Concrete constructionSuperseding NZS 3109:1987

NOTES

NZS 3109:1997

1

CONTENTS PAGE

Committee representation ..........................................................IFCCopyright ....................................................................................IFCRelated documents ....................................................................... 3Foreword ....................................................................................... 6

Section

1 General requirements ................................................................. 7

1.1 Scope and application ................................................... 7 1.2 Interpretation .................................................................. 7 1.3 Construction review ....................................................... 8

2 Definitions ................................................................................... 8

3 Reinforcement .......................................................................... 10

3.1 Notation ........................................................................ 10 3.2 Steel reinforcement ...................................................... 10 3.3 Hooks and bends ......................................................... 11 3.4 Surface condition of reinforcement .............................. 13 3.5 Supporting and fixing of reinforcement ........................ 13 3.6 Spacing of reinforcement ............................................. 13 3.7 Splices in reinforcement ............................................... 14 3.8 Cover ............................................................................ 14 3.9 Tolerances for reinforcement ........................................ 15 3.10 Fibre reinforcement ...................................................... 16

4 Prestressing materials .............................................................. 16

4.1 Care of materials .......................................................... 16 4.2 Test certificates ............................................................ 16 4.3 Material specifications ................................................. 16 4.4 Cleaning and cutting of tendons and welding near tendons ................................................................ 20 4.5 Positioning of tendons and ducts ................................ 21

5 Formwork, embedded items and construction joints .............. 24

5.1 Design of formwork ...................................................... 24 5.2 Surface finish ................................................................ 25 5.3 Tolerances .................................................................... 25 5.4 Removal of forms and shores ...................................... 30 5.5 Embedded sleeves, conduits and pipes ...................... 31 5.6 Construction joints ....................................................... 32

6 Supply of concrete ................................................................. 34

6.1 Materials and limitations .............................................. 34 6.2 Specification and manufacture of concrete ................. 34 6.3 Concrete mixes ............................................................ 35

Contents continued overleaf

2

NZS 3109:1997

7 Concrete placing, finishing and curing ..................................... 36

7.1 Performance requirements ........................................... 36 7.2 Unfavourable conditions .............................................. 36 7.3 Preparation for concreting............................................ 38 7.4 Handling and placing ................................................... 38 7.5 Concrete placing under water ...................................... 39 7.6 Compaction .................................................................. 40 7.7 Finishing (including finishes)......................................... 40 7.8 Curing and protection .................................................. 42

8 Prestressing : Stressing and grouting ...................................... 43

8.1 Concrete strength at transfer ....................................... 43 8.2 Stressing equipment .................................................... 44 8.3 Stressing procedure ..................................................... 44 8.4 Method of measurement .............................................. 45 8.5 Multi-tendon stressing ................................................. 47 8.6 Deflected tendons in pre-tensioned members ............. 47 8.7 Transfer of prestress in pre-tensioning ......................... 47 8.8 Grouting of bonded post-tensioned tendons ............... 48 8.9 Completion of all post-tensioning ................................ 50 8.10 Safety precautions ....................................................... 50

9 Concrete assessment ............................................................... 51

9.1 Production assessment and control ............................ 51 9.2 Project assessment ...................................................... 51 9.3 Project sampling........................................................... 51 9.4 Strength and special parameters ................................. 51 9.5 Concrete liable for rejection ......................................... 52

Table

3.1 Maximum radii of reinforcement bends ................................ 115.1 Tolerance for precast components ....................................... 285.2 Tolerances for in situ construction ........................................ 295.3 Minimum form work stripping times – in situ concrete ......... 329.1 Tolerances for nominated slump ........................................... 52

Figure

3.1 Standard bend, hook and stirrup .......................................... 125.1 Tolerances in linear dimensions ............................................ 265.2 Tolerances in angular dimensions ......................................... 265.3 Tolerances in profile .............................................................. 268.1 Elongation correction ............................................................ 46

NZS 3109:1997

3

RELATED DOCUMENTS

Reference is made in this Standard to the following:

NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS

NZS 3101:- - - - Concrete structures Standard Part 1:1995 The design of concrete structures Part 2:1995 Commentary on the design of concrete structures

NZS 3104:1991 Concrete production – High grade and special grade

NZS 3108:1983 Concrete production – Ordinary grade

NZS 3112:- - - - Methods of test for concrete Part 1:1986 Tests relating to fresh concrete Part 2:1986 Tests relating to the determination of strength

of concrete Part 4:1986 Tests relating to grout

NZS 3113:1979 Chemical admixtures for concrete

NZS 3114:1987 Concrete surface finishes

NZS 3121:1986 Water and aggregate for concrete

NZS 3122:1995 Portland and blended cements (General and special purpose)

NZS 3123:1974 Portland pozzolan cement (type PP cement)

NZS 3125:1991 Portland-limestone filler cement

NZS 3421:1975 Hard drawn mild steel wire for concrete reinforcement

NZS 3422:1975 Welded fabric of drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement

JOINT AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS

AS/NZS 1554:- - - - Structural steel welding Part 3:2002 Welding of reinforcing steel

AS/NZS 4671:2001 Steel reinforcing materialsAmd 2

Mar ’04

Amd 2 Mar ’04

4

NZS 3109:1997

AMERICAN STANDARDS

ACI SP-47 Durability of concrete

ASTM A820-90 Specification for steel fibers for fiber reinforced concrete

ASTM A497-95 Steel welded wire fabric, deformed for concrete reinforcement

ASTM C42-94 Obtaining and testing drilled cores and sawed beams of concrete

ASTM C309-95 Liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete

ASTM C1116-95 Fiber-reinforced concrete and shotcrete

ASTM C1152-90 Test method for acid-soluble chloride in mortar and concrete

AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS

AS 1012:- - - - Methods of testing concrete Part 14-1991 Method of securing and testing cores from hardened

concrete for compressive strength

AS 1311-1987 Steel tendons for prestressed concrete – 7-wire stress-relieved steel strand for tendons in prestressed concrete

AS 1313-1989 Steel tendons for prestressed concrete – Cold worked high tensile alloy steel bars for prestressed concrete

AS 1478-1992 Chemical admixtures for concrete

AS 3600-1994 Concrete structures

AS 3610-1995 Formwork for concrete

AS 3799-1990 Liquid membrane-forming curing compounds for concrete

BRITISH STANDARDS

BS 4486:1980 Hot rolled and hot rolled and processed high tensile alloy steel bars for the prestressing of concrete

BS 5896:1980 High tensile steel wire and strand for the prestressing of concrete

NZS 3109:1997

5

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Building Industry Authority. New Zealand Building Code Handbook and Approved Documents, 1992.

Cement and Concrete Association of New Zealand, TR 3, 1991. Alkali aggregate reaction – Minimising the risk of damage to concrete.

Lewis, R.K. and Blakey, F.A. 1969. The interpretation of core strength results. CSIRO.

The Concrete Society (U.K.) Technical Report No. 11, 1987.

NEW ZEALAND LEGISLATION

Building Act 1991Building Regulations 1992

The users of this Standard should ensure that their copies of the above-mentioned New Zealand Standards and referenced overseas Standards are the latest revisions or include the latest amendments. Such amendments are listed in the annual Standards New Zealand Catalogue which is supplemented by lists contained in the monthly magazine Standards Update issued free of charge to committee and subscribing members of Standards New Zealand.

6

NZS 3109:1997

FOREWORD

The objectives of this revision are to:

1. Update NZS 3109 in the light of the recently published NZS 3101 Concrete Design Standard.

2. Structure the revised NZS 3109 in a form which is compatible with the building control regime established under the Building Act 1991.

3. Reflect the developments in materials and practices which have occurred since the last revision of this Standard.

REVIEW OF STANDARDS

Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to the Chief Executive, Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020.

NZS 3109:1997

7

NEW ZEALAND STANDARD

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 Scope and application

1.1.1 This Standard provides a means of compliance with the construction requirements for structures designed in accordance with NZS 3101. This Standard may also provide minimum requirements for the construction of reinforced concrete, unreinforced concrete, prestressed concrete or a combination, in elements of any building or civil engineering structure designed on any other basis.

1.1.2 For the production of concrete, compliance with this Standard is satisfied through compliance with NZS 3104.

1.2 Interpretation

1.2.1 In this Standard the word “shall” indicates a requirement that is to be adopted in order to comply with the Standard, while the word “should” indicates a recommended practice.

1.2.2 Subject to 1.2.1, clauses prefixed by “C ” are comments, explanations, summaries of technical background, recommended practice or suggest approaches which satisfy the intent of the Standard. They relate to the corresponding mandatory clauses where present. They are not to be taken as the only or complete interpretation of the corresponding clause nor should they be used for determining in any way the mandatory requirements of compliance within this Standard. The Standard can be complied with if the comments are ignored.

1.2.3Cross-references to other clauses or sub-clauses within this Standard quote the number only, for example “.... slump required by 6.8.1”.

1.2.4Where this Standard contains non-specific or unqualified requirements (such as where provisions are required to be acceptable, adequate, applicable, appropriate, relevant, satisfactory, suitable or the like,) or where it refers to work complying with drawings and specifications other than those prepared in accordance with NZS 3101 then these do not form parts of the means of compliance with construction requirements for structures designed in accordance with NZS 3101 as a verification method for compliance with the New Zealand Building Code.

Amd 1 Aug ’03

C1.2.4Where the non-specific or unqualified requirements of 1.2.4 are applied, then such application is treated as an alternative solution to the New Zealand Building Code and needs to be to the satisfaction of the territorial authority.

NZS 3109:1997 Concrete construction This is a free sample only.

Purchase the full publication here:

https://shop.standards.govt.nz//catalog/3109%3A1997%28NZS%29/view

Or contact Standards New Zealand using one of the following methods.

Freephone: 0800 782 632 (New Zealand)Phone: +64 3 943 4259Email: enquiries@standards.govt.nz