Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G.

Agricultural production systems in Mgeta, Mvomero District of

Tanzania

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SYNOPSISSYNOPSISIntro: Mgeta and study justification

Challenges and questions

Objective

Methods

Mapping production systems in Mgeta

Conclusion and further work

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Located on the western side of the Uluguru mountains, 60km from Morogoro town

High altitude 1100-1900m with relatively cool weather

Rain: Sept.-May-270d, dry:Jun.-Aug.95d

About 84% of work force depend on small farming

Agriculture is largely market driven

A wide range of horticultural crops and fruits

Introduction: About Mgeta Introduction: About Mgeta

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Manual field work in very steep slopes

Vegetables - livestock integration (25yrs for DGTs)

Adapted to rain and dry season cycles

NDGTs & crosses-predominant breed

Local goats are mainly for upgrading

>1500 NDGTs and crosses in 2003 (Tchenzema and Nyandira)

Some pigs and poultry also common

Introduction: Mgeta agric.. Introduction: Mgeta agric..

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No possibility for land expansion due to:

Water catchment area for Morogoro and other lowland areas

Important forest reserve area

Steep slopes require investments

Risk of erosion in steep slopes

Need for more permanent vegetation

Intro. Study justificationIntro. Study justification

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ChallengesChallenges

o Climate change awareness, o increased population, o intensive production systems, o competition for water with other areas,o poverty and malnutrition. All these might work together in Mgeta!

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How to cope with the present situation in the best possible way?

Can integrated dairy goat systems become viable economically and environmentally?

This study aimed at developing a model of such integrated systems

We start by a questionnary to farmers regarding economic and environmental constraints

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Questions and objectiveQuestions and objective

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Methods: Study area mapMethods: Study area map

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Purposive sampling technique used

A structured questionnaire developed and used

GPS was used to find plot size

Amount and cost of crop input and output according to plot and season quantified

Revenue from harvest by plot season investigated

Mineral fertilizer, manure and spray use counted

Working h for each crop estimated

Working h livestock management estimated

MethodsMethods

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Multipurpose trees, crop residue use enumerated

Animal feeding design, inputs, h required, outputs (milk, live animals and meat) quantified

MethodsMethods

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Common with > two plots, 0.5 acres

Walking time is 0.20, 0.23 and 1.16 h to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd plots

Hand hoe used in field work

The MPPT are mainly found around home

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Results: Plot characteristicsResults: Plot characteristics

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In addition to mixed cropping, farmers keep NDGTs, pigs and poultry

Some traditional irrigation is taking place

Intercropping common e.g. beans & maize

Only 32% of the respondent use crop residues for livestock

Use of inputs per plot (0.5acre) per season

370kg manure

20kg mineral fertilizers

1.12kg spray

Mapping Crop productionMapping Crop production

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Amount of crop seeds (kg) per 0.5 acre

Cost of inputs (TSH) per 0.5 acre

Crop yields (kg) per 0.5 acre

Mapping Crop input, cost & harvestMapping Crop input, cost & harvest

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  Maize Beans G.peas Cabbage Tomatoes Potatoes Others

Rain 7 13 9 0.04 0.07 223 83

Dry 4 9 9 0.03 0.05 185 43

  Maize BeansG.

peasCabbag

eTomatoe

sPotatoe

sOthers

Manure

Fertilizer

Spray LabourIrrigatio

nTerracin

g

Rain 97262387

136133 38633 36040 73750 9500 21667 27118 23575 26228 500 500

Dry 38751850

324378 45000 24883 20275 24833 21667 36516 21673 31819 1000 500

Maize

Beans G. peas Cabbage TomatoesPotatoe

sOthers

Rain 209 166 422 2148 1759 1939 56

Dry 335 196 213 960 2096 3625 36

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Av. head size: 5, 4 & 3 for DGTs, MGTs and Pigs

Tethering (DGT, MGT), indoor (DGT, MGT &Pigs) and scavenging (Poultry)

On av. 1 L milk/milking per day from one DGT(300days LL)

NDGTs and by-products market price

Raw milk sold at 1000/L

Yoghurt at 2000/L

Live F kid at 150,000TZS three months age

Live M kid at < 150,000TZS three months age

Mapping Livestock production:Mapping Livestock production:

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Opportunities for increased milk from DGT

Improved marketing for milk and milk products

More milk added values

More MPPTs and improved fodders

More concentrates

Good policy in favour of DGTs

Capacity building to extension agents & farmers

Farmers involvement in DGTs breeding programs

Mapping Livestock productionMapping Livestock production

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Common fruit trees around home field:

Plums (Prunus spp)

Peaches (Prunus persica)

Pears (Pyrus spp)

Apples (Malus spp)

Banana (Musa spp)

Trees and grasses at borders and communal land

Mulberry (morus spp) (goats feeding)

Leucaena spp – (goats feeding)

Pennisetum spp –(Grass for feeding)

MPPTs and GrassMPPTs and Grass

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Livestock inputs and revenueLivestock inputs and revenue

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Amount of inputs kg per Year

Animal specie Concentrates Drugs

Dairy goats 693 27

Meat goats 297 12

Pigs 2252 11

Animal specie Cost of inputs TZS Per Year

Concentrates Drugs Others TotalDairy goats 172413 14423 8991 195827Meat goats 73891 6181 3853 83925Pigs 600939 7792 7663 616394

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Hours required for cropping per season per 0.5 acre

Hours required for livestock per animal/year

Labour requirementLabour requirement

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Land Prep.Plantin

gWeeding

Fertilizer

Pesticides

IrrigateHarves

tTranspo

rt TotalRain 75 21 32 11 13 18 25 7 202Dry 72 37 33 13 13 34 23 6 231

Feed prep. Feeding Herding Tethering Milking Cleaning

Total

Dairy goats 73 48 276 31 188 40 656Meat goats 31 21 118 13 0 17 200Pigs 100 67 0 0 0 39 206

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Crop-livestock is a potential system for improving the livelihood of people in Mgeta

Intensification of DGTs and more MPPT/grass can be an option for economically and environmentally friendly farming in the water catchment area

Further tasks: Parameter estimation for the model

Running the model

Findings may be used to examine the economic and environmental impacts of the production systems and develop policy measures for more C sequestration

Conclusion and further workConclusion and further work

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

THE END

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