DELEGATE HANDBOOKDOMAINS OF WARFARENZ MODEL SECURITY COUNCILUNIVERSITY OF AUCKLANDAUCKLAND29 AUGUST - 1 SEPTEMBER 2012 www.unyouth.org.nz

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MODELSECURITYCOUNCIL2012

NEW ZEALAND MODEL SECURITY COUNCIL 2012 Handbook designed by Kaylee Liu

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CONTENTS4 WHO ARE UN YOUTH?

5 CO-ORDINATOR’S MESSAGE

6 MEET THE COMMITTEE!

8 AUCKLAND?

10 WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL?

11 WELCOME TO THE CONFERENCE

12 COMMITTEE SESSIONS

13 COMMITTEES GO A LITTLE SOMETHING LIKE THIS...

15 VETO POWER?

16 RESOLUTIONS

18 WRITING AN AMENDMENT / REPRESENTING YOUR COUNTRY

19 SOCIALS!

21 DOES MY AMENDMENT LOOK FAT IN THIS...?

22 TIMETABLE

24 WHERE TO FROM HERE? / EMERGENCY CONTACTS

25 RULES OF PROCEDURE

MODELSECURITYCOUNCIL2012

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WHO ARE UN YOUTH?

UN Youth New Zealand is a not-for-profit volunteer organisation run by youth, for youth. Through our conferences and events, we provide a platform for students to address and discuss global issues facing us both now and in the future.

UN Youth believes that the ability to shape the world around us is not one reserved for the rich and powerful. An awareness of the world around us, combined with the willingness and integrity to change it for the better are qualities that UN Youth NZ strive to ignite in all New Zealand youth, and to truly inspire global citizens.

UN Youth is affiliated to the United Nations Association of New Zealand, a member of the World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA). WFUNA has consultative status to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. These larger organisations, like UN Youth, are guided by their vision that the United Nations is a powerful force in meeting common global challenges and opportunities.

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CO-ORDINATOR’S MESSAGEHello everyone and congratulations on being selected for New Zealand Model Security Council 2012. I am very excited to welcome such a great group of people to my hometown, Auckland, this year and I cannot wait for you to get to know both UN Youth and the city! NZ Model Security Council is a place where the adults of tomorrow can express their opinion and be inspired. Inspiration comes from so many places, but this time it comes from like-minded people and an organisation that strives to educate about the work of the United Nations and international issues. NZ Model Security Council is not only about the United Nations but is about you being able to express yourself and accomplishing what you set out to do to the highest of your abilities.

The Security Council is the most powerful organ of the UN as it strives to come up with solutions to real issues of international security that the international sphere faces. This is what you will be doing for the four days of the conference. I am particularly excited about the new addition this year, Thoughts by Generation Why, a video activity that allows delegates to question the issues that plague our world, why they exist and how we can solve them. This brings the United Nations and the Security Council down to a personal level as each of us play the role they do and try to come up with solutions to real world concerns.

This just fits in with the broader theme of the conference – Domains of Warfare. We live in a world where technology is constantly developing, and improving itself. This constant evolution of technology begs the question - will our technology exceed our humanity? Einstein had it right when he pondered that question many years ago. How can we ensure that the improving technology is used to achieve peace not war? These are important questions that I’d like you to consider over your time at the conference.

In the spirit of technology and saving the world, we are attempting to make this the first ever UN Youth conference with no paper. During the conference there will be no printing whatsoever and everything will be done digitally. I would love for you all to get involved and help the committee out in this respect!

I cannot go without thanking my committee this year. They have been such a pleasure to work with that the organisation of this conference did not at all seem like labour! I hope you all have as amazing a time at the conference as I have had planning it. Over the four days of the conference, I would like to ask each of you to enjoy your time here, speak up for the issues you are passionate about and to kick back, have some fun and get to know the amazing people that will be around!

I cannot wait to see you all at NZ Model Security Council!

Warm Regards,

Pooja Sundar

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MEET THE COMMITTEE!POOJA SUNDAR Co-ordinator

“You have my sword.” “And my bow.” “And my axe.” Armed with these words, her trusty Fellowship, and extensive UN Youth experience (so much so that the author of this tale cannot recall how many eons ago it begun), young Pooja Sundar of the Shire commenced upon an almost yearly quest of co-ordinating the fight against Sauron Model Security Council 2012. In the occasional moment between fighting evil, and coordinating what promises to be the highlight of the UN Youth university calendar, Pooja learns the lore of Law and Arts, blogs, bakes, forms addictions to any legal T.V shows or superhero movies ever made, and perfects her karate skills.

SYLVIE ADMORE Communications Officer

If Bear Grylls was a woman, her name would be Sylvie Admore. Fluent in English, German, French, Squirrel and Mountain, Sylvie has time and time again proven her worthiness as Queen of the outdoors. When she’s not skipping up Mount Everest, or teaching ballroom dancing to baby deer, Sylvie does the Uni thing, studying an LLB and BA at Auckland University. She holds the World Record for pitching a text with one hand, in complete darkness, while solving a Rubik’s Cube with the other! She is looking to break that record later this year. UN Youth is lucky to have such as awesome individual as Promotions officer for NZ Model SC this year.

ANDREW CHEN Content Officer

Once upon a time, a minor god was displeased with humanity, and smote down the entire known world. Following this, Andrew Chen was the only creature deemed worthy of emerging from the primordial ooze. Some say this is because he is a master of stealth; yet others ascribe this to his mysterious feline nature. What is certain is that this conference would have been a cat-astrophe without his sharp wit, keen interest in new military technologies, and purr-fect briefing papers. He frequently puts his veritable meow-seum of intellect to work on his BE(Hons)/BCom degrees, in addition to organising events and writing resolutions for UN Youth.

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MAANYA TANDON Logistics Officer

The Black Mamba of the Deadly Vipers NZ Model SC Squad, Maanya Tandon, swiftly defeats all those Logistics issues that have plagued her since she awoke in the world! She battled the Crazy-88 departments of Auckland University to find the best venue and strives to kill any obstacles in her way making sure the conference is run perfectly on time and smoothly. Her weapon of choice is her sharp wit, her 5 years of experience in UN Youth and her 5 point palm exploding brain technique which she has honed with many years of karate. When she reaches an occasional moment of inner calm, Maanya channels this towards her Law and Arts degree in addition to scouting more cheese to eat, watching The Office, idolising reading Noam Chomsky and learning Quenya.

MATHEW REX Registrations Officer

Mathew Rex (matteosaurus rex) is at the top of his game in a number of diverse environments. He is not afraid to tackle large herds of delegates fighting within the food chain for survival and acceptance into UN Youth’s premier university event- NZ Model SC. His arms may appear small and stunted but don’t be fooled, his reach extends across oceans. From Niue, to Auckland to Japan and Holland M-Rex has been the head of pack of THIMUN delegates and has worn the role in the manner of a true lizard king. Now back in his natural habitat of GondWellingtonland he spends his days taking down larger prey such as such as swamp dwelling publicosaurus policyius or Marketingraptor (sellyouosauris productsarii) at Victoria University.

GAYATHIRI GANESHAN Socials Officer

Having been held hostage by UN Youth since 2010, Gayathiri (or (gangster) G for short) is the Socials Officer. She once claimed to have been studying towards a BA/LLB, but has since then forgotten and no one is sure what she’s really doing at university all the time. Having attended AMUNC twice, co-ordinated an event, and supported a large number of Auckland events, she is well positioned to help us all get with the groove. She doesn’t have any pets, but has three flatmates to compensate, as well as numerous pet-friend cats. She enjoys science fiction, lightbulb-lit dinners, and is eager for first contact with the Vulcans in 2063.

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AUCKLAND? WHAT IS THIS PLACE AND HOW DID I GET HERE?

New Zealand Model Security Council is back in Auckland for 2012, and it’s bigger and better that ever before! The committee welcomes you to the Big Little City for what will be 4 days of awesome! Whether you live here, have only moved up for study, or are only visiting from somewhere else, no doubt you will love this place of mystery and wonder by the time you leave! So many places to see and things to do, Auckland has it all! Well then, shall we begin?

WHAT’S AUCKLAND?Auckland (or “Awk-land”, “Orc-land” and “Pfft, where?” as it is affectionately known in other parts of the country) is New Zealand’s largest city, and home to over 1 million inhabitants. Auckland has a rich history entrenched with the history of New Zealand as a whole, since it was first settled in the mid 1800’s. It was even the capital for a while, until someone thought “Nah, Wellington is better” and moved the capital south. But hey, it was a good run, and even though it was short, Auckland would go on to become a bustling metropolis, with a renowned international reputation as one of the best places in the world to live.

The University of Auckland is also NZ’s largest university, and provides education for almost 40,000 students. Ranked internationally as NZ’s best university, the majority of the conference will take place here.

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5 PLACES TO GO IN

AUCKLAND

1 The Sky Tower - You can’t say you’ve been to Auckland until you’ve been to the Sky Tower. Standing at a massive 328 metres of cold fury, with the main observation deck at 186 metres, it’s a trip definitely worth making. Just hope you don’t get there and the elevator is broken.

2 MOTAT - Te Papa? Pfft. The Museum of Transport and Technology is where it’s really at. If you don’t mind the musty smell of everything, and how nothing really looks clean, it’s actually a great place to visit for the history - with everything from decommissioned trains, and boats to an entire aircraft hangar full of planes, you’re sure to learn a thing or 12 about the history of transport technology in NZ.

3 Rainbow’s End - Hands down the best theme park in NZ. Okay so maybe that’s like being the best snowboarder in Egypt, but it’s still a neat place to check out. GO!

4 Auckland Zoo - Don’t go here if you hate tigers, lions, alligators, kiwis, tuataras, parrots, frogs, bears, or having a good time, generally.

5 Eden Park - NZ’s greatest sports stadium boasts seating for over 50,000; even watching the Blues lose play would be epic at Eden Park. Heck, even watching the grass grow would. But definitely check out a game of anything if you can, it’ll be worth the trip.

1 The Maori name for Auckland is Tamaki Makaurau. Makes it sounds pretty fierce huh?! Tyra would be proud.

2 The Sky Tower is the tallest structure in the Southern Hemisphere at 328 metres! Eiffel Tower of the South. Success!

3 It’s built on sixty extinct volcanoes. Whoever thought that was a good idea was having a laugh.

4 Just because you’re one of over 1,000,000 inhabitants, doesn’t mean you’re not special!

5 It was capital of NZ from 1841 to 1865, when Wellington was declared capital.

6 Superfluous bridge fact: The Harbour Bridge has 8 lanes but the central barrier is moveable, by a really cool machine, so that the lanes can be situated as 3/5, 5/3, or 4/4, depending on traffic flows.

7 You can still use pigeon post on Great Barrier Island. Maybe this is an updated version of Hogsmeade?

7 FUN FACTS ABOUT

AUCKLAND

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WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL?

The United Nations Security council was established in 1946, with the creation of the United Nations. Its responsibilities are greater than those of the General Assembly, such as actively preventing international conflict throughout the world.

Because this task is so important, the membership of the Security Council is limited to 15 members at any given time - 5

permanent members and 10 elected members on a two-year term. The small membership of the Security Council is aimed at being able

to quickly and effectively pass resolutions in times when urgent action is needed. Furthermore, the five permanent countries, or P5, each hold veto power, which gives them the ability to strike down any resolution that they choose. This will be explained later.

The current members of the Security Council are as follows:

PERMANENT MEMBERS

UNITED STATES OF AMERICAUNITED KINGDOM

FRANCERUSSIACHINA

2011-2012 TERM

COLOMBIAGERMANY

INDIAPORTUGAL

SOUTH AFRICA

2012-2013 TERM

AZERBAIJANGUATEMALA

MOROCCOPAKISTAN

TOGO

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WELCOME TO THE CONFERENCEThe conference starts on a Wednesday, with delegate training in the morning. This will be followed by an afternoon of exercises to get you thinking about the issues at hand, and greater issues facing the world.

As a warm up for committee session discussions, there will be a circuit of activities in the afternoon. In small groups, delegates will have to write, direct and film two videos about two different issues - one relating to international security, and one relating to an issue currently facing NZ. The structure and format of these videos is up to you - we want to hear your personal opinions on these issues, and what can be done to alleviate them. You have free reign to present these however you like, and every video will be posted to the UN Youth NZ YouTube channel for the world to see. Give us your best shot; this is your chance to get creative!

There will also be a Human Rights workshop - providing insight into the real issues that link technology to Human Rights. What does evolving technology mean for Human Rights? The meaning of Human Rights will evolve as society progresses, but with the advent of the internet and other game-changing technologies, how will this affect us, and those fighting for such rights?

The opening ceremony will be held in the early evening, and will formally mark the beginning of the conference. Afterwards delegates are advised to get some dinner before opening drinks at Sale St.

With these and more surprises coming up, the first day of the conference will no doubt leave you ready for the upcoming committee sessions. Excited yet?

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COMMITTEE SESSIONSDays 2 and 3 of the conference will see the committee sessions begin, where delegates will start the process of lobbying and piecing together resolutions to discuss and debate. The committees will have 15 people each - one person from each country delegation. Similarly to the real Security Council, delegates will be writing their own resolutions, or adding to others’, in order to address the pressing issues at hand.

The 5 committee topics are as follows:

The Question of CyberwarfareA domain which is constantly growing and evolving, how can we manage the growing number of conflicts fought in this medium?

The Question of Outer SpaceSince man has looked out to the stars, man has sought to conquer them, but how can we stop us from destroying ourselves in the process?

The Question of Electromagnetic WeaponryA weapon that fires invisible projectiles and renders its victims lifeless within seconds is all too frighteningly real. How do we react to new, ground-breaking weapons technologies?

The Question of Missile ShieldsHaving been the source of international tensions for several decades, why does a ‘defensive’ weapons system cause so much strife between global superpowers?

The Question of Military RoboticsCould this new technology allow us to fight war autonomously without human casualties, or will this high-tech weaponry only further facilitate targeted deaths?

On the final day, delegates will come together in their delegations to discuss an issue of significant importance to international security as the situation unfolds around them.

The topic will be released at the opening of the session. In both committees and the plenary session, delegates will be writing, debating, amending, and voting on their own resolutions.

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COMMITTEES GO A LITTLE SOMETHING LIKE THIS...

Debate begins with each member state addressing the floor with an opening statement. These are short speeches that summarise the country’s position and opinion on the matter at hand.

After each country has given a statement, the committee will be allowed a caucus time. This is a recess from formal structured proceedings in order for delegates to talk and lobby with one another, trading ideas, and hopefully writing a draft resolution on the question put forth to the committee.

The next stage will be general debate on the issue, building on the opening statements to lay the groundwork for a draft resolution (or multiple draft resolutions). Debate at the Model Security Council may occur through formal or moderated caucus. In formal session, delegates follow structured rules of formal debate, speaking in accordance with speakers’ lists. All speeches should be directed at the president, and personal pronouns should be avoided. At the end of a delegate’s speech, he or she may take points of information from the floor. Points of information are questions about a delegate’s speech. Delegates may also yield to other delegates who are on the speakers’ list, allowing them to speak next.

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In moderated caucus, the Security Council operates a lot like a meeting. A topic is defined, and delegates give quick-fire speeches from the floor. There no speakers’ lists or yields; the Director simply selects the next speaker by placard at the end of each speech. Moderated caucus is useful to nut out the detailed issues under discussion.

After delegates have had a chance to voice their countries’ interests in general debate, a draft resolution can be proposed by motion. Once the draft resolution has been accepted for debate and proposed by an advocate for the resolution, debate on the draft resolution can begin. In order to be introduced, a resolution must be signed by the proposer, seconder, and at least 4 other delegations.

Delegates will then debate draft resolutions. In formal session on a draft resolution speakers’ list, speakers generally alternate against then for the draft. There may be multiple resolutions on the table, although only one can be debated at any one time. Delegates may move to suspend debate on a draft, and then introduce a second.

Most draft resolutions will be amended during debate. Amendments allow delegates to change the clauses of the amendment to be more amenable to their countries’ interests. They must be signed by a proposer and a seconder to be introduced. Amendments and motions are voted on by placard.

At the end of the debate on a draft resolution, its proposer has a right of reply. After that, delegates vote on the draft resolution by roll call. Draft resolutions require the affirmative vote of nine Member States to pass.

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VETO POWER?The 5 permanent member states of the Security Council (China, Russia, USA, UK and France) each hold the power of veto. This means that any vote against a resolution as a whole from these countries fails that resolution, regardless of

whether a majority is reached from other countries or not.

The power of veto is not to be exercised lightly. We encourage delegates representing the Permanent

Members to use their power strategically. That is, if they are considering using their veto,

delegates should first use the threat of the veto. It is better to influence debate by

saying what you will veto to get what you want than it is to get nothing by ultimately just vetoing something you do not want.

And remember, with great power comes great responsibility.

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RESOLUTIONSCreating a Resolution

The basis for any Security Council resolution is always preambulatory clauses. These provide background information to the resolution, and may

reference past decisions of the UN or long-term goals. They will always be a single sentence and end with a comma.

All preambulatory clauses will start with one of the following phrases:

Affirming

Alarmed

Approving

Aware

Bearing in mind

Believing

Cognisant

Concerned

Confident

Conscious

Contemplating

Convinced

Declaring

Deploring

Desiring

Developing

Disturbed

Emphasising

Expecting

Expressing its appreciation

Expressing its satisfaction

Fulfilling

Guided by

Having adopted

Having considered

Having devoted attention

Having examined

Having heard

Having received

Having studied

Keeping in mind

Noting

Noting with approval

Noting with concern

Noting with regret

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Noting with satisfaction

Observing

Reaffirming

Realising

Recalling

Recognising

Referring to

Regretting

Seeking

Taking into account

Taking note

Trusting

Viewing with appreciation

Viewing with concern

Welcoming

Accepts

Affirms

Approves

Asserts

Authorises

Calls for

Calls upon

Commits

Condemns

Confirms

Congratulates

Considers

Declares

Declares accordingly

Demand

Denies

Deplores

Designates

Disapproves

Discourages

Draws attention

Emphasises

Encourages

Endorses

Expresses its appreciation

Expresses its concern

Expresses its disapproval

Expresses its hope

Hopes

Invites

Notes

Notes with appreciation

Notes with disapproval

Proclaims

Proposes

Reaffirms

Recommends

Regrets

Reminds

Requests

Resolves

Suggests

Supports

Takes note of

Transmits

Trusts

Upholds

Urges

Welcomes

There are also two types of adjectives that can be applied to both preambulatory and operative clauses. If a phrase has been repeated (for example, two operative clauses start with urges), then the second and later iterations should be preceded by further (eg. further urges). If there is a need to add emphasis to a particular point, the words deeply, fully, solemnly and strongly may also precede the phrase (eg. strongly urges).

Operative clauses are the active and substantive part of a Security Council resolution. They may include sub-clauses, and will always be a sentence ending in a semi-colon. The final operative clause will end with a period.

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WRITING AN AMENDMENTThe same factors that make a good resolution make a good amendment. It should address a significant change to the resolution as it stands (semantics are best avoided unless there is really nothing to debate) and address a contentious issue if possible. Generally speaking, operative clauses are the best to amend, as they provide most of the substance of the resolution.

REPRESENTING YOUR COUNTRYIn the Security Council, delegates will be representing the views of their respective member state as opposed to their personal views. This means that some research will be required in order to understand the nuances of each country’s view on each issue; Wikipedia and the CIA World Factbook are good places to start for an overview of a country’s world view and basic information. However, academic journals and past UN resolutions are better places to look for the specific views of countries on different issues; these will offer a level of detail beyond that given by broader sources. Delegates should also examine the views of close allies and clear opponents to some extent, so that effective compromise can be reached (particularly given the power of the veto).

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SOCIALS!It’s not all strictly business! Every night there will be a social event during which you can let your hair down, relax, and enjoy some great social experiences with other delegates!

The first night will see opening drinks at Sale St. Sale St is a pumping bar right in the heart of Auckland, and will be a taste of things to come. This will be a chance to get to meet the other delegates at the conference over a drink or three. Light snacks will be provided while you drink, much, and dance the night away. Meet ALL the people!

The second night we’ll be enjoying a great show at The Classic. Known as a stomping ground for veteran comedians as well as up-and-comers alike, The Classic will be staging a comedy night for us on the Thursday. After a hard day’s debate there’s nothing like a little laughter to relax the mind. It’s

sure to be good fun, and heckling is optional.

The third night will be committee dinners around Auckland. We’ve got some pretty awesome restaurants lined up, from all different cultures. Because you’ll be with your committee, this social event will be a little more intimate, if you haven’t already killed each other during your committee sessions. This is a chance to experience a foreign cuisine with your committees, and hey, what’s a good meal without a good yarn around the dinner table?

And if that wasn’t enough, an after-party will be held at Cassette, only the funkiest bar in Auckland. Celebrate the last day of committee

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sessions with some after-dark lobbying!

And then the big finale. The fourth night is Ball night, held at the beautiful Rydges Hotel rooftop. All glammed up and

beautiful, delegates will be treated to a night of fine dining and drinks. It’ll be a classy affair, with dinner followed by the DJ pumping out your favourite jams on the dance floor. All on the rooftop of one of Auckland’s finest hotels? This will be a night not to miss.

What is a ball without an after-ball?! After all those resolutions passed and placards signed, this is where you

can wild out and goes crazy. This is the last official night of the conference, and it may be the last time you’ll see

everyone. Make it count!

To help recover from the night before, there will be an optional brunch for everyone on Sunday, at Mecca. This will be the final goodbye, and what better way to do it than brunch? Mecca is a cute cafe in the heart of the CBD, and the perfect place to recover with a good meal.

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DOES MY AMENDMENT LOOK FAT IN THIS...?And then there’s the question of what you should wear.

The first day is informal, so casual dress will be fine. However formal attire will be required for the opening ceremony on the first day. This may require you to make arrangements for the first day, such as bringing your formal wear to the conference in order to change for the opening ceremony, if you don’t have enough time to head home and change.

For the rest of the conference, formal attire is a strict requirement. Simple business attire should suffice - for gentlemen this means a suit and a tie, and for ladies – a formal skirt and shirt is one of many option, formal dress or a suit. Take a look on our blog for ideas!

There is no strict dress code for most of the social events - delegates can change into more comfortable clothing for the social events - though a tidy dress code may be enforced at venues. To be safe, casual clothing should be avoided. For the ball, delegates will need to be dressed formally, so once again; suit and tie for the men and a formal cocktail or ball dress for the ladies.

If a delegate arrives at the conference in casual attire, they will be asked to leave and return when they are dressed more appropriately.

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TIMETABLE

9:00 Registrations

9:30 Opening Address

10:00 Delegate Training

11:00 Morning Tea

11:30 Global Poverty Project Presentation

12:00 Delegation Time

1:00 Lunch

2:00 Thoughts by Generation Why

3:30 Afternoon Tea

3:45 Thoughts by Generation Why

5:00 Opening Ceremony

6:00 Free Time (Please eat dinner)

7:30 Opening Drinks

DAY ONEWEDNESDAY29 AUGUST

8:30 Morning Check-in

9:00 Welcome and Keynote Speaker

9:30 Arms Control Workshop

11:00 Morning Tea

11:30 Committee Session One

1:00 Lunch

2:00 Committee Session Two

3:30 Afternoon Tea

3:45 Committee Session Three

5:30 Free Time (Please eat dinner)

7:30 Comedy Night

DAY TWOTHURSDAY30 AUGUST

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8:30 Morning Check-in

9:00 Keynote Speaker

9:30 Committee Session Four

11:00 Morning Tea

11:30 Committee Session Five

1:00 Lunch

2:00 Committee Session Cont.

3:30 Afternoon Tea

3:45 Committee Session Six

5:30 End of Committee Sessions

6:00 Committee Dinners

8:30 After Dinner Drinks

DAY THREEFRIDAY31 AUGUST

8:30 Morning Check-in

9:00 Keynote Speaker

9:30 Plenary Session One

11:00 Morning Tea

11:30 Plenary Session Two

1:00 Lunch

2:00 Plenary Session Three

3:30 Afternoon Tea

3:45 Plenary Session Four

5:00 Closing Ceremony

6:00 Free Time

7:30 Ball

DAY FOURSATURDAY1 SEPTEMBER

11:00 Farewell Brunch (optional)

DAY FIVESUNDAY2 SEPTEMBER

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EMERGENCY CONTACTS

Pooja Sundar Co-ordinator

021 120 97080

Gayathiri GaneshanSocials Officer021 244 0870

Mathew RexRegistrations Officer

027 644 8888

Auckland Taxi Co-Op(09) 300 3000

WHERE TO FROM HERE?Research time!To get the most out of the conference, you’d best do a bit of research!

Start with some general facts and background about your country, before researching its stance on the issue in your committee. Any history they have with these issues in the past would help greatly in determining what this stance should be. Past security council resolutions are worth looking into also - you can’t be too prepared!

Are you excited yet?This year’s conference will be the biggest universities Model Security Council ever held in NZ! If the thought of 4 days of intense discussion and debate, and 4 nights of great social events doesn’t get you even a little excited, you might want to see a doctor because you could be a robot.

Don’t forget the fee!The delegate fee is $180, and you’ll need to pay before the conference! Don’t forget to follow all the instructions on how to make sure your payment isn’t lost in the internet FOREVER!

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RULES OF PROCEDURENZ Model Security Council 2012: Domains of Warfare

GENERAL

1.1 Scope

These rules apply throughout all sessions of the New Zealand Model Security Council 2012, including both committee and plenary sessions unless otherwise indicated.

1.2 Language

The working language of the conference is English.

1.3 Manner

Delegates must conduct themselves in a respectful and appropriate manner and obey instructions from the Secretariat and conference staff.

1.4 Agenda

Each committee of the Security Council discusses one issue, as does the plenary. These issues are selected by the Secretariat. The Secretariat may add additional items of urgent importance to the agenda.

1.5 Credentials of Security Council Delegates

All registered delegates to the Model Security Council possess the appropriate credentials. Each delegation represents one Member State of the Security Council and is made up of five delegates.

1.6 Observer States

The Secretariat may allow Observer States speaking rights at their discretion. Observer States may not vote on any motion.

1.7 Quorum

There is no quorum for debate to begin, but nine of the Member States of the Security Council must be present for a resolution to be passed. Quorum is verified by the President of the session before the start of a resolution vote.

1.8 Note Passing

Notes are only passed during periods of formal session. Notes may not be frivolous or irrelevant. All notes must state who they are from and to whom they are addressed. Conference Assistants or the Secretariat may filter out inappropriate notes at their discretion.

SECRETARIAT

2.1 Security Council Secretariat

Each committee of the Security Council has one President and one Secretary, as does the plenary. They may swap roles if necessary. For the purposes of the

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conference, the position of President will be filled by a Conference Assistant rather than a member state.

2.2 Role of Security Council Secretariat

The President shall open and close the session. The President of the Security Council is responsible for facilitating debate amongst delegates, implementing and enforcing these Rules of Procedure, and communicating information to and from the Secretariat. The President’s discretion is final.

2.3 Grounds for Warning

The President may warn any delegate who knowingly acts in disregard of these rules of procedure or otherwise acts against the best interests of the conference. Obscene, undiplomatic, or frivolous behaviour may result in a warning. A President may also warn any delegate who misrepresents or gravely distorts his or her Member State’s position.

2.4 Effects of Warning

The effects of each warning are:

a) First warning: None;

b) Second warning: The delegate loses his or her speaking rights at the President’s discretion;

c) Third warning: The delegate is expelled from the Security Council for the remainder of the session.

If a delegate is consistently out of order across multiple sessions, the Secretariat may issue further sanctions.

ORDER OF SESSION

3.1 Commencement of Debate

At the President’s discretion only, there may be a minute of prayer or meditation. The President will then announce the commencement of debate. If a speakers’ list was not exhausted at the completion of the previous session, that speakers’ list will be resumed.

3.2 Closure of Session

The President may close debate at his or her discretion, with consideration of scheduled closing times and the facilitation of debate. Upon the closure of a session, the President will state the intended opening time of the next session.

DEBATE AND SPEAKING

4.1 Opening Statements

Discussion of each agenda item begins with opening statements. Opening statements allow delegates to introduce their countries’ positions on the issue. Each opening statement is one minute or less. Presidents recognise Member States

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in alphabetical order. Delegates may refrain from making an opening statement.

4.2 Conventions of Speaking

Speakers must address their remarks to the delegates. The President shall be addressed as “Mister/Madam President”. Speakers shall refer to other delegates as “The Honourable Delegate for …” or collectively as member states. The President will attempt to offer all delegates equitable opportunities to speak.

4.3 Substantive Debate

Substantive debate is divided into three categories:

a) Formal Session.

b) Moderated Caucus; and

c) Unmoderated Caucus;

FORMAL SESSION

5.1 Primacy of Formal Session

Unless otherwise stated, the rules of formal session apply throughout all sessions.

5.2 Definition of Formal Session

Formal Sessions are the primary method for discussing agenda items at the conference. During formal session, all speeches are made through the President in strict accordance with the speakers’ lists. All motions and points from the floor are open.

5.3 Topic of Formal Sessions

Formal Sessions are focused on one issue within the scope of an agenda item. If a speaker deviates from the topic, the President may discipline him or her, or another delegate may call a point of order.

5.4 Time Limit of Speeches

Time limits are strictly enforced. The President may apply limits at his or her discretion.

MODERATED CAUCUS

6.1 Start of Moderated Caucus

Moderated Caucuses (also known as Informal Sessions) are initiated by motion or at the President’s discretion. At the initiation of a moderated caucus, the President specifies to all delegates the Moderated Caucuses’:

a) Topic;

b) Duration; and

c) Time limit for individual speeches.

6.2 Procedure of Moderated Caucus

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No speakers’ list is drawn up. Speakers remain at their seats throughout the Caucus. Speakers stand only when recognised by the President. The Moderated caucus proposer has first speaking rights. The President, at the completion of each speech, calls for delegates wishing to speak to raise their placards and then recognises the next speaker. All speeches are made through the President.

6.3 Topic of Moderated Caucus

Moderated caucuses are focused on one issue within the scope of an agenda item. If a speaker deviates from the topic, the President may discipline him or her, or another delegate may call a point of order.

6.4 Duration of Moderated Caucus

The President sets the duration of Moderated caucuses. A delegate proposing a Moderated caucus may suggest a time limit for the moderated caucus. The President may extend a Caucus at his or her discretion.

6.5 Time Limit of Speeches

Time limits are strictly enforced. No speech may exceed two minutes. The President may apply further limits at his or her discretion.

UNMODERATED CAUCUS

7.1 Start of Unmoderated Caucus

Unmoderated caucuses are initiated at the President’s discretion. Delegates may request caucus time by sending a note to the President, but not by motion.

7.2 Procedure of Unmoderated Caucus

The President sets the duration of unmoderated caucuses, which will be strictly enforced. Delegates may leave the room to discuss the topic with other delegates, but must be seated promptly at the end of the Caucus.

DRAFT RESOLUTIONS AND AMENDMENTS

8.1 Distribution of Draft Resolutions

Any Member State may propose a draft resolution. A draft resolution must be distributed to all delegates by the President before it may be introduced. To be distributed, a Draft Resolution must be:

a) Signed by a proposer and seconder;

b) Signed by at least four of the Member States in the Security Council; and

c) In correct UN Resolution format;

The President has the discretion to reject frivolous or inappropriate Draft Resolutions;

8.2 Introduction of Draft Resolutions

Draft resolutions are introduced by motion from the floor. If a Draft Resolution is successfully introduced, the:

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a) President suspends the general speakers’ list;

b) Proposer reads the operative clauses;

c) Delegates may ask questions of clarification;

d) President and delegates may propose syntactic and semantic amendments;

e) Proposer speaks to the draft resolution;

f) President opens the draft resolution speakers’ list;

g) Seconder speaks to the draft resolution;

h) Draft resolution speakers’ list commences with the first speaker against.

8.3 Questions of Clarification

Questions of clarification include questions about the definition of terms or the meaning of potentially ambiguous terms and phrases, as well as syntactic or semantic issues. Questions of clarification may not be used to induce debate on the draft resolution or speak on a substantive issue. The nature of an appropriate question of clarification is at the President’s discretion.

8.4 Syntactic and Semantic Amendments

Syntactic and semantic amendments are used to correct errors in spelling or punctuation or address ambiguities within a clause. If the proposer consents, the amendment may be made at the President’s discretion without a full vote.

8.5 Distribution of Amendments

Any delegate may propose amendments. An amendment must be submitted to the President before it may be introduced. Amendments do not need to be distributed to all delegates, but all delegates must have the opportunity to read an amendment before it is introduced.

All amendments must:

a) Be signed by a proposer and seconder;

b) Follow correct UN Resolution format; and

c) Be typed or clearly hand-written and free from errors of spelling and grammar.

The President has the discretion to reject frivolous or inappropriate Amendments.

8.6 Introduction of Amendments

Amendments are introduced by motion from the floor. If an amendment is successfully introduced, the:

a) President closes and suspends the draft resolution speakers’ list;

b) Proposer comes forward and reads the amendment;

c) Delegates may ask questions of clarification;

d) President and delegates may propose syntactic and semantic amendments;

e) Security Council votes on whether to debate the amendment; and

i) If the vote passes, an amendment speakers’ list is opened, the proposer speaks

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to the amendment, and the amendment speakers’ list starts with the seconder and then the first speaker against; or

ii) If the vote fails, the Security Council votes on whether to pass or fail the amendment.

SPEAKERS’ LISTS

9.1 Purpose of Speakers’ Lists

Speakers’ lists determine the speaking order throughout formal session. During formal session, only those on a speakers’ list may speak, although others may raise motions and points from the floor.

9.2 Opening and Closing of Speakers’ Lists

The President opens and closes speakers’ lists by declaration. Speakers may be added only to an open speakers’ list, but speakers may be removed from an open or closed speakers’ list.

9.3 Addition to and Removal from Speakers’ Lists

When a speakers’ list is opened, delegates may be added to it by:

a) Raising their placard if invited by the President; or

b) Sending a note to the President.

No delegate may be added to a speakers’ list twice at any one time. A delegate may be removed from a speakers’ list by sending a note to the President.

9.4 Classes of Speakers’ List

There are three classes of speakers’ lists, namely:

a) The general speakers’ list;

b) Draft resolution speakers’ lists; and

c) Amendment speakers’ lists.

9.5 The General Speakers’ List

The general speakers’ list applies throughout formal session, between the end of opening statements and start of debate on a draft resolution.

9.6 Draft Resolution Speakers’ Lists

Draft resolution speakers’ lists are arranged into speakers for and against. All speeches should substantially address the draft resolution. While such lists are in operation, amendments may be submitted. However, delegates may not speak to amendments when speaking on a draft resolution speakers’ list.

9.7 Amendment Speakers’ Lists

If the Security Council votes to debate an amendment, then the Secretary draws up an amendment speakers’ list. This list operates in the same way as a draft resolution speakers’ list, but discussion focuses on the amendment. No proposer’s right of reply applies.

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9.8 Yielding

During formal session, a speaker may, at the end of his or her speech, yield to:

a) The President, who then invites the next delegate on the speakers’ list forward; or

b) Another delegate on the speakers’ list, who may then come forward to speak.

No more than two consecutive yields may be to other delegates; the third yield must be to the President. The President may disallow a yield at their discretion.

POINTS FROM THE FLOOR

10.1 Available Points from the Floor

There are five types of points from the floor, namely:

a) Points of order;

b) Points of personal privilege;

c) Points of procedural enquiry;

d) Points of information; and

e) National rights of reply.

The President has the discretion to refuse frivolous or inappropriate points from the floor. There is no cross-floor debate.

10.2 Points of Order

A delegate may call a point of order if another delegate or the President breaks these rules of procedure. A point of order may interrupt the debate at any time. When the President recognises a point of order, the delegate raising it must explain, in less than thirty seconds, how procedure has not been followed. The President then rules as to whether the point is in or out of order. Multiple frivolous points of order will cause the delegate to receive warnings from the President with consequences as stipulated in 2.4.

10.3 Points of Personal Privilege

Points of personal privilege may be raised if a speaker is inaudible or any matter of the Security Council environment is unsatisfactory. When the President recognises a point of personal privilege, the delegate raising the point must explain his or her concern in less than thirty seconds. Unless urgent, points of personal privilege should be made by sending a note to the President.

10.4 Points of Procedural Enquiry

Points of procedural enquiry allow delegates to ask about procedure. They may not interrupt speakers. When the President recognises a point of procedural enquiry, the delegate raising it must outline, in less than thirty seconds, what he or she wants explained. Unless urgent, points of procedural enquiry should be made in a note to the President, or the delegate should approach the resident during an unmoderated caucus.

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10.5 Points of Information

Points of information are questions about delegates’ speeches. They may be entertained at the end of any speech on a speakers’ list. Points of information may not be addressed to the proposer of a draft resolution or the proposer of an amendment. Speakers may choose to accept or refuse points of information. If a speaker elects to take points of information, the President then invites delegates who wish to ask points of information to raise their placards, without speaking, and await recognition. The President or speaker may limit the number of Points of Information. Points of information must be brief, relevant, and in the form of a question.

10.6 National Right of Reply

If a delegate feels that his or her Member State has been insulted by a speaker, or that false statements have been made about it, he or she may stand, raise his or her placard, and await the completion of the speech. The President may, if the speaker is extremely discourteous, interrupt the speech, request an immediate apology, and/or issue a warning with consequences as stipulated in 2.4. At the completion of the speech, the President has the discretion to recognise the standing delegate. The delegate may then respond to the insult or falsehood.

MOTIONS FROM THE FLOOR

11.1 Definition of Procedural Motions

Procedural Motions allow delegates or the President to control the Security Council’s procedure within the limits of these Rules of Procedure. Procedural motions may be made by any delegate or the President. Procedural motions may not interrupt speakers. A delegate seeking to raise a procedural motion should stand, raise his or her placard, and state the motion. The President may reject frivolous or inappropriate motions.

11.2 Passing and Failure of Procedural Motions

The President may rule frivolous or inappropriate procedural motions out of order. The President may also pass motions at his or her discretion by simply asking if there any objections. Delegates who wish to object should raise their placard. Otherwise, motions go to a vote.

11.3 Available Procedural Motions

There are twelve procedural motions available, namely:

a) Motion for moderated caucus;

b) Motion to extend the moderated caucus;

c) Motion to return to formal session;

d) Motion for caucus;

e) Motion for straw poll;

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f) Motion to introduce a draft resolution;

g) Motion to introduce an amendment;

h) Motion to suspend debate;

i) Motion to resume debate;

j) Motion to close debate;

k) Motion to divide the question;

l) Motion for roll call vote; and

m) Motion for recount.

11.4 Motion for Moderated Caucus

A motion for moderated caucus may be proposed during formal session. If a motion for moderated caucus passes, the Security Council moves to moderated caucus.

11.5 Motion to Extend Moderated Caucus

A motion to extend a moderated caucus may be proposed during moderated caucus. Delegates proposing such a motion may specify the length of the extension. If a motion to extend the moderated caucus passes, the moderated caucus is extended.

11.6 Motion to Return to Formal Session

A motion to return to formal session may be proposed during moderated caucus. If such a motion is passed, the Security Council returns to formal session.

11.7 Motion for Caucus

A motion for caucus may be proposed during formal session. A delegate proposing such a motion may suggest a length for the caucus. If a motion for caucus passes, the Security Council moves to caucus.

11.8 Motion for Straw Poll

A motion for straw poll may be proposed during formal session under a draft resolution or amendment speakers’ list. The delegate proposing the motion must specify the question to be polled. If the motion passes, then the President invites delegates to show, by placard, whether they affirm or deny the poll question.

11.9 Motion to Introduce a Draft Resolution

A motion to introduce a draft resolution may be proposed during formal session under the general speakers’ list. Only the proposer of a draft resolution may raise this motion. If the motion passes, the proposed draft resolution is introduced.

11.10 Motion to Introduce an Amendment

A motion to introduce an amendment may be proposed during formal session under a draft resolution speakers’ list. Only the proposer of an amendment may raise this motion. If such a motion passes, the proposed amendment is introduced.

11.11 Motion to Suspend Debate

A motion to suspend debate may be proposed during formal session under a draft

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resolution speakers’ list. If such a motion passes, the draft resolution is set aside, the draft resolution speakers’ list closed and suspended, and the general speakers’ list resumed.

11.12 Motion to Resume Debate

A motion to resume debate may be proposed during formal session under the general speakers’ list if a draft resolution has previously been suspended. If such a motion passes, debate on the draft resolution is resumed.

11.13 Motion to Close Debate

A motion to close debate may be proposed during formal session under a draft resolution or amendment speakers’ list. If such a motion passes, the Security Council moves directly to a vote on the draft resolution or amendment.

11.14 Motion to Divide the Question

A motion to divide the question may be proposed immediately prior to any vote on a draft resolution or amendment. If this motion passes, each operative clause is voted on individually by placard vote. For an amendment, each clause passed is included in the draft resolution. For a draft resolution, the remaining operative clauses are then voted on substantively.

11.15 Motion for Roll-Call Vote

A motion for roll-call vote may be proposed immediately prior to a vote. The President has a broad discretion to reject such motions in the interests of time. If this motion is passed, the vote shall be by roll-call.

11.16 Motion for Recount

A motion for recount may be proposed immediately after the announcement of the results of a vote. Such a motion does not go to a vote, but is ruled upon at the President’s discretion. If the President accepts the motion, the vote is repeated.

11.17 Precedence of Motions and Points

Motions and points from the floor will be accorded the following precedence:

a) Points of personal privilege;

b) Points of order;

c) Points of procedural enquiry;

d) National right of reply;

e) Point of information;

f) Motion to suspend debate;

g) Motion to close debate;

h) Motion to resume debate;

i) Motion for moderated caucus;

j) Motion to extend moderated caucus;

k) Motion to return to formal session;

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l) Motion for caucus;

m) Motion to introduce draft resolution; and

n) Motion to introduce amendment.

During the voting procedure, the following Motions and Points shall be in order, and shall be accorded the following precedence:

a) Points of personal privilege;

b) Points of order;

c) Points of procedural enquiry;

d) Motion to divide the question;

e) Motion for roll call vote; and

f) Motion for recount.

VOTING

12.1 Classes of Vote

There are two classes of vote: procedural and substantive. All votes on Draft Resolutions are substantive. All votes on motions, amendments, or other matters are procedural. Delegates may vote for, vote against, or abstain on substantive votes, but must vote for or against on procedural votes. All substantive votes are by roll-call. All procedural votes are by placard.

12.2 Voting Rights

Each Member State of the Security Council has one vote. Observer States do not have voting rights. The members of each delegation in the plenary must agree between themselves before voting.

12.3 Passing of Procedural Votes

All procedural votes require a simple majority of present and voting members to pass. Affirmative votes or abstentions are not required from the five Permanent Members.

12.4 Proposer’s Right of Reply

Immediately before the vote on a draft resolution, the proposer may deliver an address of no longer than two minutes.

12.5 Passing of Substantive Votes.

Substantive votes require an affirmative vote of nine members of the Security Council to pass, including an affirmative vote or abstention from the five Permanent Members.

12.6 Procedure of Placard Votes

In a vote by placard, delegates vote by raising their placard only.

12.7 Procedure of Roll-Call Votes

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The President reads out the voting countries in alphabetical order. When a delegate’s Member State is read out, he or she must reply with ‘yes’, ‘no’, or ‘abstain’, and may indicate that he or she wishes to vote with rights.

12.8 Exercise of Veto

On substantive votes, all votes against by Permanent Members of the Security Council are with rights. That is, the President may request that any delegate exercising the power of veto stand and explain the vote.

12.9 Equally Divided Votes.

If a procedural vote is equally divided and a simple majority is required, a recount must be called. If the recount is also equally divided, the procedural vote fails.

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