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~YST:\C~It:s HESPO~SES

OF TilE CAT TO HOTATION

.. A;\;D TO

DIHECTIO:'\.\LI.Y EQUIV,\LE~T

A~D

~o~~EQVIVAI.E:"'T STniULI

AJiTEH UNII.ATEitAL C1\LORIC

IIAUITUATION .

o:J-14 . . . . . ~

n:ut:R.\1 •• \\"1.\TIOS .\G.::>oCY ~ .\\"1.\TIO:'\ ~n:UIC.\L St:K\'ICa,:

.. U :RU\n:l>tC.\1. tn:st:.\KC:II t>I\"ISIOS Ctnt •. \t:Hm.tt:UIC:.\1. au-:sK\IIC:Il IS~'TITCTE

OKI .. \li0\1 \ C:IT\", OK I. \li0\1.\

AUGUST 1963

Ch-il Af'~kal 11-a~h !mtttnh'. F..dM"a! Avta~ • \c:o-n<"·. 0\.hlwtm:\ Citv. 0\lslw>mA. C.\RI Rf1'1'r1 $3-l •• XYST.,G\It'S RI-:Sl'O .. SF.S OF Ttn: C.\T 1'0 !IOTA· TIOX ... XO TO Olltf:CTtOX.\LLf EQl'l\'.\LE:\7 .\:'1."0 SOXF..Ql' I\'ALF.:0.7 STI\fUU AFTER V~1-L\TF.ML C.\LOJUG JIABITVAnOS by _Willt.n F.. CA'ntn~ An(l•!lt ·J9f:J. . .

Sh n~ """"' f'~ra-1 1ft · mild a~lar AC'I.'f'~ttm ~_. and afh'r an lnlt'~ln!: ... ~ (I{ 1!5 caloric: lm~tinnt.. All tri.tl• "T"' In tntal darlcM""''· SJow...rha'll! di!J'lacftnt"nt ~ the ~'M. h.-at·fl'r'(}t1f'nn·. and duration of n\~a~us WTI'I! Wl:lOftd. ·' 11 3 '""a"'"'~ !'f'0ffllod a d~ int' in both · the primary and t'lwo ~an· <'1ll••ri<' lftf's:•urM. !1~- to mtatlon fol_lc7wfn( th.- <'1l~ 'h..hltnatiMI ~ho•T<I •I~ !'In ch~. l.t'. tht'n­"''•• nn AI'J"'.I'r'nt .timulu• ~litatkln. Difff'f'mCYt In: (a) tht­rstt.-m• <>f IW'I'\"ntl~ ... dish•"' rllcttto.;l ~- ~milatf'nl ancl hllah'nl 't•mulatl.-n; and 1.11 lnr.-n•it\'. '11'-f'rt" ~'J'C(hrllt'<'d u ~lt' Nn- (M th.- fa ilu"' tn ~>Main lran.trr. Additional unilltf'nl .-a!Mit:- tri~t. nmflnnrd ~"~'!"'"' that . tt'o<- rr<fuctx.ft of "'"Jt.apDO~ k ~fie tn tlw- di~lon f'lic;tf'd Jvrint; ha~tu~ trials.

rMt ,,,.~lk"l !l,. ... ;ar:c-h lnotitutt-, ·t'...J,.nl A\istk>n . \~, .• 0\.hh.-ma C it\', NJ:.~a. C.ARI R"J'"'f ttl-l • . '-\'ST.\G\It'S ~~~:sro ... SF.S m· ntF. C .\T 'tO !IOTA· TlOX .\XI~ TO . nnn:CTtOS.\l.tT F.Ql1T\'.U .I-:'7 · .\Sil XO:\'F.Qt' J\'.UJ:ST ~1'1\ll'U AFTF.R t:SI· 1.\TF:R.\L c. .. t .ORtc lt.\llrrt'ATIOS t..; Wtniam E. n .n;n., ·"··~·"' t9fU. · ·

Sh ,-~t• ....,..,.. "tr" .... t tn mild •fl1:'t'u A«"r'"'-tSo.\ h..{._ .... 1 aft,., ~n lnh'".,."'n<: wr!M nf 1~ "k.ri<- lm,.t"'-. All tn ~!, · ,_,..,.. In tT't~l d.uL~•. .~1--.rha..- di<rl~t ~ thP M.,.~ t .... ~t . f""l,......_,., anol ch.not~ fll .mota(m\t\ ~,.. t<Oft'Cf. .\II .\ --~'""' " '1rt1"'1 " 1!,...1;~ In hnth tt..- a.nnurv and t'lwo ""'""'·""' .-.f,.l'i<' mr••""''· R~ J"'ft- .tr- n>(;ottnn f..tfMtitte th.- · ... t ,-n~ 'h.tt.ltn~t i"" ,..._...,, atmr..t . !'In eMil(", . I~' tNt"'' "''"' ""' "r~"'"' •tlmuh,. l:"'ft"r>lliutl<w\. Diff~ lft : (a\ tJ.. ('Att.rm "f nrn..,,. ,.,cil1ti.'t1 f'li~t . cl ~· tmll.ttf'ftl ,.net bob!f'nl .;r ;,..,!~t inf'l; a"'! th1 if'I!M\•·~· . ""'"" l>~·po!hMih'd U ~ c•H'!'' ''" tlW- fa ilurro tn •.t.uin tnon•ft'f. Aclclitk>n.al ttnlbtt"nl t-.tl,..iic rn:tl• C..nf i""""l l"'']'t'rt• th•t tlw- l"f'<lnctton · el n~-.'·~ h ~fie tn , ...... •lin"<"ti('on .. t;nt...J durifl1t habltutio'ft trialL

·''

1.\'~ 2.. N~"Stapptaa 3. llabltuatfon • · TranJ« F'Jft"ds 5. Sftl_,- Ph,~

I. \'f'ttibalar :.. s~""-.:n-3. llahfmtlofl • · Tnmlf'T Efff'd• 5. ~·~~

(:h1l ~a1 ~ •~· ... ~ .......... ..._... • Ac-cr. Olla'-'a Oty. Olb,_._ CARl~ $3.14. 1'\'TSTAC~IUS llESf'OSs-J OF mE CAT to IIOTA­TIOS AN'O TO DIJ'ECTJOSAUT EOUJVAI.E:o.T A.'1> SOSEQVIVAU:NT 5TL\IUU AnEII VNJ.. 1..\TEML CALORIC II.UrTVATIO:'IC by Wlfll- E. CoDa.. A.pc JMl.

Sk em - npowd to mild :nrlar -kn!Wt ~ and all« an lnfenom!n« ~ ol 15 eabte brlpdoal. AD lri.als - Ia ~ dar{- Sloow-pllate ~ J file ~ t-t.r~. and dan~t~on c1 .,. 1:111'" - .-ed. An 3 ~~~t--" rdfttt'd a dt-:l~nte 1ft b..... tt.e prt1nay .-! tht' -.l.aty calorie __,_ RupcwLtu !~ :nbrttiwl follaooin( tht' calortc: 'llabitosatfcln lhowrd alrDmt flO ~. ·~ ~ .._no IIJIPift'ftt .clatuhn ~tutllln. Dlff~ ht: fal ~ PI"""" Of ~ ndL111on t'lkfted by arril.att'l'lll ...d blt.aft'l'lll .Cimlllatlon:. and (b) lntm.Vty, - ~~ .. ~ (liiQ- for rht' ral11ff't' to OOcalft ,,..,.rft'. Additional ~· nlorit- trbl• C'llftf'lnnrd f't'PO"" thet 1~ ~ ol IIIY'f~ k tpedfic II) 1M diftctioft dJdtcd darfnc ~ trlak.

. ' -Ori1 ~ """-rch•rmtttat •• •·nhaf .\~ Af!t'tW:Y, Olw-,a City. Olla'-. CARl ~ SJ-14 . StSTAC:MVS RF.srosn:s OF T11E CAT to IIOTA· nos Am> TO DIRECTJOSAUT EqlrJVAL£.'\1 "-'1> NO~F.O\!IVAI.ENT ST1)fUU AFJ'EII tn'O· 1..\TEilAL CALORIC IIAirTV-'T10:-f by wm-. F-CoDIM. A"p1t 1883. ·

51~ t'eb - npoetd to rndd ~ ~krwlht w­-' alt« art lntl!n't'nfn« .-rfft of JS calortc: fnittltMM. AD trW. - In tnal cbtl-. Sbw~ d~ rA d. ~ 1-t-r'"lamcy. -s dar.lttnn til ~ - ~. AR 3 -'"""" rrflr.ct"l a d«f~, . bodt~ :he prt_,- and

· tht' . nlene --..a'"' ratat..._ (~ tht' ~'Mhlat~ ~ ahntt !'In · , lA.. t""'-.,. no .. 1•'"" ttimahn lftW!ftllutllln. Dtlft'ffttCft 1ft: fa) •.!.I­I"'"""" ir( ,..__ ncit.ation •lidtPd by anl1amaJ lind ~ tlieelat""': aad (b} lntt'mlfy. - .hypo(Wzaod .. ~ ~ r .. ~,_ raa..r. to obtam '~"'· Addl~ ..nr.r...n~ nlotk- tria!• ~ '"1"~"tub.e thP ~ ol nym~ k ~ to .: .. dmctlofl dlcftftlilfrtec laehfcw.tina trtak

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NYSTAG~IUS RESPONSES OF TIIE CAT

TO . RoTATIO~ ~';D TO

DlRECI10~ALLY EQUIVALENT AND . .

· NO:'i-EQUIVALENT STI~WLI AFI'ER

UNILATERAL CALORIC HABITUATION

J I

WJLLIA~I E.COLLI:"iS, Ph.D.

Chit/, Seruorylnttgrallon Stctfon P.,cltologfl Bnmela

83-14 •

fEODAL AVIATION ACE.~CT A\'1\TIO.~ ~IEDIC.U. SEI\VICK

,UIOMEOICAL 1Ut51AICH 1>1\'ISIO."f CIVIL AEROMEDICAL I~E.\1\Cif L~STmrn:

OkLAIIOMA em, OltLUtO.\tA A1:C\1ST: l8&1

-·

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I ~ --' '

;

NYSTAG~fUS RESPO~SES OF TilE CAT TO ROTATION A:-..n TO DIRECrJO~ALLY ·EQVJVALE~T A~l> NON·EQUJVALENTSTniULI

AFTER UNILATERAL CALORIC IUBITVATION"

WJ.LLIA~f E. COLLINS, PaD.

CIVIL A£RO~f.EDJCAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, FAA, OKLAHOMA CllY, OJa.AUOMA ..

Cab ha~o·e demonstrated a decline ('1labitua­tlon'") In the nystagmic response to repeated uni~tcral caloric irrigation fn IUumin:atfon ( IJcnrihson, Fernandez, & Kohut, 1001; llen­riluson, Kohut, & Fcmandt:z, 1962), to repeated rotation In lot:al .darknesS (qollfns, 1963b; Crampton. 1001, 1962a; Crampton & Schwam. 1001), and to rotation wjth · c;oncOmmitant

The present study wa.s designed to epmine, with cats: (a) the question of transfer of et!oric nystagmus habituation to the rotatioml situation: (b) the manntr fn whfch caloric habltwtioQ ~rs ira total darkness; (c) the effects of stimulus repetition upon the sec:ond­ary nystagmus.

uptoldnctlc stimulation (Crampton, lOO"..b). METIIODS Furthtr, If the elldted nystagmus l.s Umitcd to AppGtGiut. Stimulating. restraint, and re-m singlet direction during tho habituating trials, cording equipment were Identical to those there appears to be no tr.uultrof tho response reportc:d elsewhere (Collins, 1963b). The de('llno t~ vcsllbularly·lnduc:ed eye-movements . _ . _rotatory dmce. described by Cuedr)' and JUl. In the opposite direction (Crampton, 1002a; ter ( 1956), wA.t situated in :a light-proof room. llcnrllcuon, et al., 1002). . ·All testing. Including C3!oric lrrfgatron, w:as

Tho question of transfer Involves stimulus conducted with tho animal positioned on the modality as well au dlrec:tlonal efFects. Worldng . turntable. Restnlnt was effected accordlns to wfth nbbitJ, Muwel~ Burlco, And Reston the tedmfquo of flenri'ksson et al. ( 1961 ). (19".2) and flood and Pfaltz ( 19$&) reported The n:conltng dovic:e, an Offner Typ. T habituation of _roMion·lnduc:ed nystagmus, but Elec:troencepha!opph, employed a U sec RC ·.· nannal res~ses from tho ¥nllatercal caloric time constant In llmptffcatlon, Needle elec-lrrlg:atlons which followed tHo rotatory trials. trodet wet'O positioned by the, uuter canthi for Collins ( 1963b) found little transfer In tho cat; tho uconl!ng of horizonb) components of n:y. tho frequency of thoJheats to talorlc stimulation stagmus. An Indifferent elec:trodo wai located WA.t reduc:ed by ubdat one-third after an lntef. on tho crown near the mkl-Uno of tho skull. venlng ~rles of 15 rotations. O,mlap ( 192:5) Signals wmt led to a terminal box, through obtained a maiktd stimulus ··~ by abolfsh. sU~~ to tho rec:ordtr located In an adjoin-Ins nystagmus through cal Irrigation of lng room. · tM canals · flnt on ono .'sklo · tho heads of • rroc.J.,.. n.o test room was In total duSt-rabbits, :and then on tho other. flo obtained ness during aU trials.. The habituation wries no nyst:tgmu!J to rotatlon11l stimuli ~ter tht'SO consisted oll5 consecutive n!orlc Irrigations of tiTatnwnts. the right car of t'&&ch animaL \V;ater tempn"'

ature· wu kt-pt at 23.5• C ( ± o.ss C). Tho 'o-t" lt4'"--ttd with tb. t~hnk-.1 a.ubt--. ul ICmMth tests of tr.uulrr (pre- and post-tests) c:onslsted

t'!. s .. -"' w'hllco 111. .~._., wa• at tb. \1, S. Army M"tt- of above-threshokl CCW accelerations ( .t.t3•/ ''*' "-""h l ... t • .,,,.,uty, •• ,,.. ICIIRII. ICy. 'nt. ... bta- s~• for 13 sec) and sub..thmhold dettl~tlons ul J""l.tt t:. O.....·t."' •"'I M"')' J•~ Cal'S" In lh. h h ~"'"~' ,., .t .. ta """•dlt,.. 11 K"'""""i •"""""'"'~ (O.H~·/sn:' for 333 sec) wit t o Animal's htoatl

-1-

··-····-· ··· · ----- --·-···- - ----- ······--- ------- --------- -------

position~ at the ccnter of rotation. Thr. rota­tion sch"!dule comprised: (a) 30 sec at a ~on­slant velodty of 1 rpm; (h) ac:ccleratlon; (c) 60 sec at a consl:lnt vrlncity of 10 rpm; (d) deceleration to zcm \"elocity. The combination of CCW threshold accelerations and sub­threshold deceleralioru, and irrigation of the

. right ear with cool water, wa'J designed to Jimlt the elicitation of primary nydagmus to a single clirec:tion, cl::., with tht! f:ut phase to the left. Stimulation always began within 10 sec of the onset of tobl dar~ncss. Rest fn~('rv:tls or 12-15 minutes separated trl:lls.

Data from 6 of 10 c:alt arc: prcsc.-ntl-d herl". The fom discarded records were due to: (a) in­temaption of rcc:ording hy lou of clec:tro<fe (()ntact ( 1 animal); (b) rcsponJCJ to the pre­

. test or to the ffrst lrrig:aUon were too poot to bo quanti£ied (3 animals). To obtain furthn­data from the ~1me ,et of 6 animals, :tddition.al trials were conducted fot!owing the post-lt"St. Two animals c:u:h were stimulated with: (a) wann water ( :;3..5• C) In the untcsh.'tl (left) car (to clidt n)·stagmus In the: sam!! direction as that OCCil:lioned during habituation); (b) wann water (!53..5• C) In the: tc.-stcd (rigbt) ear; ( c~ cool \Wtc.'l' ( 23.5• C) In tho untested

(tc!t) car. 11udattcr two condititm'J each pro­dutetl ny•flgmus in the op(>O'Jlte direction from tfbt~ticited during the l•ahiluation trial.. Thu, ttlc ,-,,u~stlon of dircctftm:tHramfcr coutcl also he eumint:d. A procedural outline appea" In Tahle I.

RESULTS

Measurements of slow-ph:..,c displacement, frt.'(lllc.-ncy, and duration of ·nystagmus were ohtained from each animal. Scoring for the primary response began with the onset of attclcr:ation in the pre• and vo~t-t~ts, and with the termination of Irrigation In the caloric scrfe1. Secondary nysbbffiiiS (a nystagmus which fol­lows and beats In a direction Opposite to that of a dcdining primary response, In the apparent absence of ph)"lc:al stimulation) was scored from the point of its onset.

Esampks of reconlcd n)"t:tgmus responses oppe:ar In figure I. A dear dt'Ciine ln the vigor of the c:~Joric rc:adlon u a result of ~atcd elidtallon Is evident for both of the ~anim.-ls r-epr~tcd. The pod·test :u.c:~lerlltion n:c:nrds ;how only minor C:~nget from tho pre-test : dur.atlorui ror prim:ary mponSft are somcwhl\t shorter, the l~:ats :acem rMrc rcgubr :1.'1d the

TABLE I

TilE PROCEDURAL CONDITIONS EMPLOYED

No. of Ftut·l'ha# T~b Trlnt. Contlitionl DlrtcllcM

Pre-test 1 .a.t!S•/S«' CC\V •~I for 13 see; sub-thrtshold decol

Left

Hablttuatlon lS ' 23,!5• C water to rfght Left } ear for 30 see

~···~/ 1 .&.t!S·t~· c~ ac:-.:-el Lrft for.l3 sec; suh.th~ld dec:el

Dhutlona1 1 53.!5• C \\1\ter to left Lrft transf«'r ear for 30 ~

Dlm:Unnnt · i 53.!5• C wnt~r to rl~ht Rl~ht transfer ear for 30 see

Dln-ctlonal 1 tu• C w:.tt'r to kft Right tr.ansfer ear for 30 sec

-i-

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10

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• .. II

·ccw ~· 4.1•1-.•,.. •• _...

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_, ,IM~• »I•c..__l'tll .. lll-

~ .. /~~~ ~N11-'i.11.r~/'~~

CCW ...,_,_; ,t.l 0 /tlc.a ,_II -

;~~ ~

C&f ... .

_ .... __. ...... _,. __

~~-·--~~~·~-- ~~~-------------r ~ ...... ...

} I

vt ..

..... ¥£2 '- -~ • 1--- . .

.. .. ..

-3-

~

secondary nystagmus begins somewhat earlier. Slow-phase and frequency pJols against time ·

were made for caloric trials 1, 5, 10, and 15 (Figure 2). They indicate that: (a) a con­siderable overall reduction has occurred within the fint 5 trials; (b) additional stimulation rc­sulh in a -further overall n . .<Juclion of the respome.

Total rnponse-~r-trial measurt'S appear In Figure 3. A decline fn all aspects of the re­sponse ( frequ~ncy, sfow~ph:ise activity, a old

duration) Is e'lddent for both the caloric all(l rotatory data. The dcdine in caloric reactivity

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is mirked, although leu regular than the fun. tion obtained for rOtation (COllins, 1963b Duration of the rotation-induced n)·dagmus only slightly redu,-cd and the drops In fr~ qucncy and a slow-phase di~plattmnll are ! factors of .ihout one-third.

The time-rour~ Cif the respon~ to rotatic are plotted in Figure 4. The ny~bgmus dedir aHccts the entire rcspon\e cun·e, showing small, O\·erall dcpres.,ion of ocular activit: For hoih the pre- and r,o,t ~tc,ts, the nystagm• continut'S to build up for a 3-~ pcri•x.l aft• stimulus tcrminatiim.

.. ~Uil ._1•111C.1 toll IJ SIC.

_. "'I• letT a--A POtT•fllf

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.. .

-5-

FI~S.

I I

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..-.......... .. ::: ;::~· .... .. ~ .... ,. ... - ......... ... --­·-·

. --. A ... :;::~::======= . t "\ .... -..... -...... _

:\~ ... l~ -·-

......... ........

fi!CUN ft. Dl~lioMl 'f...afldty C!l IM ~--"~ r.~lllll\ ... d.cllne 1ft fr.c 1M> of II

n. dat• .,. hlah)y 'limllar to ,~~. r.""l" rr.•"""' rot w~~ ~r

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.. ... ......... -"··--· . ..----~--·~-···- ·-

..... -.... ...:..... .............. ------- .... -.

""\ ................ ,..., It • • t 'e t e • • 4 • ......

..

.......................................

--­.. , . .,;-·-· .................. ~-:::..-:::-.:.. . .

.... ... •••••

--

• ............ ..,_ ... .... ....... -----.....

s-a..,. n)'tfe!Cftll&l n••f'"""'' tn ll«'t'hont.klft t4utt.od M 3--. ln .. I'Yik aa,,Mdtftl lo 11\:lu.al tlnw {«'to llnw "'lift'""''' l"llnt· et v.hkh 1M lJ.1e0 acc.ltntk>lt v.at

_ lnltiahJ~ No lll'llflunl [';.. 111 I""'·'"' ~lwnlft atw e¥idftt.

--·--- ·----'-

':-

,. '··

Figures :S and 6 contain slow-phase dhplace· mcnt and beat-frequency cur.·cs ohtained by

· stimulating the right ear with wann water, or the left car with either warm or cool water. These- trials were conducted after the po5l·leSl · rotations . . ·The . data clearly fniflcate that unf· lateral c:1lorfc h:ibituation l:s .$pecilfc to the direction elicftt:d during habituating triab.

Seet?f1dary nystagmus data arc plotted in Figures 7 and 8. · The caloric secondiuy ls ·· extremely Irregular fn ·early trials, bul shows

. a. di:£irilte dedi no with repeated elicitation (FigUre 7). The pre- nnd post-test (rotation) secondary shows very little chang~. The One exe«:p.tlon Is an ·Increase of one-fourth to one.

· third In -dttliltfon of tho post-test rcJponsc (Figure 8),

DISCUSSION

lrimllrf N~llapeu. Repeated unilatt.-nl ca· lorfc Irrigation of the CAt In total darlcneu results In a matked decline In slow-phllSO dlsplac:emmt, frequency, and dunatfon of vestibular nystagmUJ, These fhwJings ate In agreement with c:tlorfc dahl obtained by llt.'n• riksson ct ol, ( 1962) under conditions of Ulu­mln:atlon and with res\llts reported by others (Collins, 1963• Ctllmpton, 1001, 10024, Cramp­ton 6 Schwam, 1001) for repeAted rotatlon:al

. stJmnL\tion. ~ ~11test amount of dcc:Uno Oc:c:un durlna the !int 5 trials (Figure 3). Thls closely parallels the manner In which rotation. Induced prfmiUY, nystagmu;Jlabltuates (CoiUns, J963b), . ~ I

. I . I ·.,.,_,,of II~

· StlmuluJ trar\Sfer. The pro.- and pod-test rotation data (Figure 4) ~ho a gcneraJ, but smaU decUne ef£ectc:d ,by th lnttorvcnlng CAlor­lzatlons. Of tho 3 · me ures, durntlon of mponso Is least affected. while tho tot11l fro­cauency and tho total slow-phllSO..tllspl~h."en\tllt aro reduml by approxhn11tcly om .... th'ird ( Flg­"'1.. 3). Thls amount of tlt-cllno ts cxc:t.'t'tlingly smiill considering the nwkcd llltcr.aUon ln .~ SllOnse to tho l:S caloric triuls nnd ts t.'t}tth·all'nt to whnt might ho obh,lnt-d llS a result oF only 3 or 4 c:onscc:utln~ roM funs ( Collim, 19roh).

Pcrhapt one of the most significant a5pecb of the pre· and p<»t-tcst graphs Js .the fact that the riy,lagmus, In both cases, 5hows no decline during the 3-.iec periOd after termination of accclcrallon. Other data ( Collln.S, l96.1h) have indicated that this holds lme for only ahout 4 CI)JI~:culive trials at this Identical stimulus !eve!. \Yith the fifth trial, ~he responSf'! has been shown to drf?p off sharply from the point of stimulus termination. Thus, the Jnrervening caloric trials, · altho ~tgh produCing a jfrildny reduction In nystagmus · to unllatelill Irrigation, exercise relatively little effect on respoiues to rotation.

The ·question of stimulus transfer In ves­tib•llar habituation has received little cxamina· tlon. Maxwell, Burlce, and Reston (1922) and Hood and Pfaltz ( 1954) habituated rabbits to rotational stimu11 and then found "no~r responses to c:aJoric Irrigation, The Conner, hoWever, employed no pre-robtlon eontrol trial and reported nO. quantified cbta . whiJe flood and Pfaltz (19M) based thdr eoneluslons prf· marily upon dunatlon measures. More r«entJy, Colllni..(loo:lb) obtained only minor pre- to post-test · caloric changes from the CAt After

· hablttu&llon to rotation, It should bo noted th.&t, In nil of these cases, there were Apparently con.ddernhle differenees In tho Intensities of · tho habltu:allng and trAtufer stimuli.

Dunlap ( 1~) employed conditioN somo­what mora similar to those reported here.

. Working with rabbits, ho c:ompletely aboJlshe.d . nyshlJ.t'lnUs to unllaternllco-W:lter eaJoric ll·rlga. Uon fJnt to one ear, and then tho other. Atte1 this extenstvo habituation, responses to rntat1011 w6re absent •

It has been suggest~ that dlff~ In the rclallvo Intensity of rotatory vs. caloric stlmula· tlo~ght havo bt-en ono eauso for tho faUun to olililln trnnsfer of habituation from rotatlor to tho caloric situation (CoUins. 1963b). Th lmporhu1co of this lnlt.'1ulty nriablo for dif ferenet"S within a stimulus modality hill 'hf.t-1 nott'tl (Crifflth, 19'20; Cu~ry. 1~ Maxwt'll Bl1rlco & RMton, 1922). hut hu not rc«h·ec fnh·nsi\'O ln\'t'"lllgmllon, It IIJlJX'Ilfl that, aftt' h,,bltu:\tlon to 1\ gin-n len•l of sthnul~&tlon, 1

. muru lnh-m~ stimulus mil)' evolco a brisl re!lron~e.

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·~: , .. . , .

·;..·

;···:

·. A second factor Jw also been sugge~ted to Secontltztv NvrfDpw. Only a few studies ~t for the failure to obtain positive reJultJ have been concerned wfth characterbtfcs of fri transfer .testJ (Colllru, lOOJb). Data ob- secondary nystagmw (e.g., ~han & Berptedt, .tatned here lend Soine support to ItS pouible 1954; Collizu, 1962, 196Ja,b; Colllru & Poe, bnporunce • . · ln the present study, the lnltfal 1962; Fluur & Mendel, 1962; Ha1:1ty & Wendt, caloric nystagmw ~tput exceeded the rot~tlon 1000). In the cat. tho Jecond.ary reaction to respo.lse ·by a considerable amount. Thw the . rotation haJ been reported to rise, peak, de-anbnab were habituated · to a stimulus which cline, and habituate In a manner highly similar was lnUfaUy more Intense than that nperienced to the prlmaty response (CoUin.s, 1003b). rn

. during the pre- and post-testJ. This Intensity addition, .the. sloW-phase rotatron-lnduced out-dilfeteneo w~uld ap~ar to ravor ... . ;tr:uUfer put of secondary actiVity In the cat appean ~~(~ ·nat such mrufer did not occur 'might to bc·about one-fourth to one-fifth that of the ~ ~nted -for by differences In the neural primary (Collins, '1963b); for man, the factor esdtatfon patterns generated by unlbteral and was reported to be about one-half for 3 seleded bilateral stimulation. That Is~ the habituating subJedt (Hauty & Wendt, 1960). sOme of this medlanlsm may respond wfth a relaUve spe- Inter-species difference may be due to more dffdty that · Is . related to whether . a single swtalned high level. of arousal In man ( CoUfnt horizontal seml-dtcular canalis stJmuJated ro- & Poe, 1002; Crampton, 1961; Crampton & pettt!vely, or .whether both canals are slmultan- Schwam, 1961) or to the setedJon of the ·e0us1y actlvated. · human subJects.

., .tw.G ezplanatory facton outlined above In the present study, no consistent relation. are DOt, of course, mutually exelwfve. Further ship between prinwy and ~ output to experimentation Is required to deteimlne the the caloric stimulation can be rucli1y expresaed. ·relative Weight of their contributioN. That the iecondary deelfna Is dear. The de-. Response transfer. Henribson et al (1962) dine, however, Is abruptaltertrial5 (Fisure7) have presented data which show that unilateral and quite tmsuJar. Durin& the flnt 5 trfah, CIJorlc n...tacrmus habituation t. __.,.,.to •L- secondAry nystagmut alternately dedlnet mark.

r•• cr·· ~a .. .,...~..... UNr cclly and retums to ltJ Initial level • . cllrectlon of the response ollclted durina the All of the anlmala pve secondary respoma. habltuatfna triab. Data obtained In tbls sttady to the pro- and post•telt rotation trials and to (Ffgum 5 ud 8) provldo conllrmatlon of the flnt caloric lnfpt!oa. Thereafter, however,

~ :.

·~ : . ,· ,-:

·'· . .

~ · .

thelr flndfnp. Tbus, after 1 ~~lflc dJreetfon the number of call producma seconcWy ,.. of nystagmus bu ~ habltu•ted by ropeated sponses varied from 1 to 5 for trfalt i throup 7 unllaterallrttptfou. ~ stimulus, appllecl to the - no v:concWY mpouea were recorded durtna opposite ear, wbleh ~vet the respoue In th~ trial 8 - and, slmdarly, from 1 to 5 ror trfala ..-. directfcxa aa ~t of the babltuatiDa triab. 9 tluough 15. lb 1ppeerance In a pven anJmaJ shows a iiwbd deplesstoa of ~- On the b thus not consbttllt. . other band. stfmulltapplfed ualla 1ly to olther No s~1 overall cbanpln sJow.phaM db-ear, whl~ b prowb a respm~e . the direction • placement or frequeuc:y occuned 1ft the pre-opposite that of the hablhultlna trW.. mult to post·test compubonl of secondary nyma-

. fn a vfpous nystapus. Crampton . ( 1962.) mus. · Duratton of tb. ~ lncnued. bu pmented data which Indicate. 1 Jknllar howevet:. durfna tb. pOI~tftt (Fipte 8), df~onal spedOdty of cat nystagmus habit· Parmthetleally, It mfpt be added that the tesb. uated. ~ rotatloa and Asc:han ( 195-&) bas noted employlna equl~nt ( n.s• C to the Jert toar) a relationship betweftt dl tl l .. ---..1- . and non~ulvalent ( 53.5 C ~ tho right "'

. . .rec ona .,..,..-I'U'V,.. and 23.5.a C to the lert ear) stimuli showed IDCO of aystagmut In rtghter pltots and t~elr. only 1 .lew sc:1ttered beab of secondary choke ol direc:t!on ln '"rolJins'" their aln:raft. mporues.

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.Sl;')BfARY

Slx cats were exposed to mild angular ac­celerations before and alter an !ntervenlng.series of 15 caloric lirlg.atforu . . Alltrails were In tlltal darkness. Slow~ph.Ue dlipbmnerit of the eyes, beat-frequency, and duration .oF riystagm!H were KOred. All 3 measwes reflected a decline In both the primary and the ~dary caloric mea-

. 11nes. . ~~. to rotation following the cal­. orfc habituatlon shOwed almost rio change, i.e.,

. ·lhere W.lS no appareat stJmuJtis gef)efalliatfon. · Differences In: {a) .. the patt.mts of nervoui ex· c:l~tfOn elicited by unilateral arid bilateral stlm- . . ul,atfon; and (b) . fntemlty, were hypothesized 1.1 pOssible taUses for the fallwe to obtain trans-

. fer. Addltfonal unJlateral Caloric trials eon· flnnecl reports that the rtductJon of nystagmus ls ~c tO the dlredJon elJdted during habit· uadoa trials.

·. REFERENCES .

Aschan, C. Response to rotatory stfmuU In ffghter pllob. Ada Otolaryngol, l$M, Suppl · 116,~1. .

Axhan, C. and Ber,ntedt. M. The genesis of secondary Dystapua hxluc:ed by vestibular aUmuJJ. Ada Soc. Mecl Opsal., lf\\1, eo. 113-W.. .

·CoUJns. W. E. Inverse caloric nlstagmus ob­.. tamed by .unilateral stimulation o tho cat. Na· . turo, 198S. 195, ... :t

. . I

Co~ \V. E. Otieerva&Da oa the elldtation of MCOD~ud Jnvetted primary Dystagmus from the cat UDIIatehl caloric frrlgatJon. Aero­apace M ,1Qe3 (b\ Press). a

. ~r . : .

·Colllni. W. E. ~· ~· and caJoric Dystapua of th'e cat fo habltuatloa to rotatfoD. CAJU R~' 83-1 Oklahoma City,· Oklahoma.. 19e3.(b) ·

CoUiDs, W. E. and Poe, R. II. Amphet~&~nlne, arousal. and human \-estibular nystagmus. J. P~1acol esper. Therap., 1- 138,120-125. eran:;pton, C. H. Diredlonallmbalance of ves. tlbular n)'1tagmus ln cat foltowtns repeated unMirectlonal angular a«eleraUon. Acta Oto. laryngol., 1962, M. 41--'S.a ·

Crampton, G. H. E£fects of visual experience on vestibular nystagmus habituation the cat. Acta Otolaryngol., 1962, 53, 516-526.b Crampton, C . H . . Habituation of vestibular nystagmus In the cat during swtained arowal produced by ·d-amphetamlne. USA~fRL Report No. 488, Ft. Knox, Ky., 1961. Crampton, G. H. and Schwam, W. J, Effects of . arousal reaction on nystagmus habituation ln tho cat. Amer. J. Physlol, 1961, 200, 29-33, Dunlap, K. Adaptation of nystagmus to repeated caloric stimulation. J. Comp, Psychol. 192.5, 5, 485-493. Fluur, E. and Mendel, L. Habituation, effer­en<:e · and yestibular Interplay. II. Combined caloric habituation. Acb Otolaryngol., 1962, 55, 1~144. Crfrrtth, C. R. The organic effect. ~f repeated bodlly rotation. J. exp. PsychoL, 1920, 3. 15-47. Cuedry, F. E. The transfer of habituation to rotation wfth raped to the mapftude of the vestibular stlmuJua. USNSAM Jt. Proj. Report No. 34, Penueola, Fla., 1953. Cuedry, F. E. and JC&Iter, H. DelcrlptfOD of a human rotation devf~. tJSAMRL Report No. 242, Ft~ Xnox, ICy., 19.56. Hauty, C. T. and WODdt, C. R. Secondary OC\I•

Jar nystapua u a funtt1011 of lnteDilty and duntloD Of accelentloD, SAM Report 00.29, Broob AFB, Texu. 1980. · Hemibson, N. C., Fernando. C., aad Kohut, R. The caloric test ln the eat. Acta Otolaryngol., 1961, 53. ll-31. Henrtkuon, H. C., JCohut, R., and Fornuda. C. StudJot oa habltuaUoa of mttbular redtu~. I. Effect ol repetitive caloric teat. Acta ()to. laryDgol.. 1981, 53. 333-348. H~ D. and Plaia, c.: R. Oblervaticma up. oa the, effects of repeated atimulatiOD UpGQ rotatJonal and c:alodo nystagmus. J, Physlol., 195-&, 12-&, 130-l.U. M~U. S. S., Burke. V. C., and R~tOD, C. R. The. frfoc:t of repeated rotation on the duntlon of after-nystagmus tn the rtbblt. Amer. J. Phy­s!ol., lQU. 58, ~ Wendt, C. R. Vestibular funttlons. In S. S. S_ttn-ens (Ed.), Handbook of Experimental Psy· chology. N. Y.: Wlley,lMl, pp. 1191·1223.

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I - I

Chit At'mlnf"dlc:ll ~atTh lnot!m"'. F~l A.-tatbl .-.~· . Oll.t'l,r.ma Citv. Okl.thnrna. C.~Rt ~ 83-14. !-.\'STAC::\n"S RF.Sl'OSSF.S OF nn: CAT to ROTA· TlO:'\ .\:"0 TO i'>mF.CTtOS.-\LLT EQt'n".\LE.''T A:\'l> SOSF.Qt' n'ALE:\'T ~WU AFTl:1' U~"J. L-\TF.R .~L CALORIC IIAIIITUATIOS II\· William E. o.n m<.. ''" J:ll<t l9ft3.. . .

Sh ~~ ""'""" "~ tn mnd a~l.u ~lion ~ and aft-rT an "'"'"""''~ ~ rol l~ (11~ tm~t"""- AD m.tl• ... ...,. In tnt~l rl.trlM"•. SJo-r~• di-rbormrnt ~ t.M n"M, ht-at·f'"l'"""~". anrl clllrati<'ft of m'lt:ll('miJ Wl"ft' IC'Oft'd. .\n J _. • .,,,... _,..fl..rn-cl s drdi- In boch thf. pnnwy and dw- -~.,.. .. ,. nlonc mra"'"''- R~ to ft'tlltklll ~ tlw- n~lflric: h.tt-.itl).ttinn - ~hn,.nl alm<Mt fW\ dmtt::P. l~ ... . ""'- . .. -.. "'' •rf'll"""·' <titm_,h,. ~"'tlution. o;rr~ In: fa) w r~ttt-m• e>( tw-1"\...,.t< rui btmrt t-li<itni ~ M _ibtffal ft biu~J • timul:ttl('lfl ; aftd (hl lnkn<i~. -"'~~~a; ~ c-,.,.- . f"' tlw- l.tilnl? tn obt-ain I'I'Ut<f"'. Additional 1mil~ calmc: . mal~ t"''nfimw-<1 "1""m that tbr ft'dudinn · o( 11' "*PW' k ~fie: i-n tlk- ,_di~ion rli<it'f'd daring J.al:insatioa trials.

. . . . D•i l. .~k,.l RMr-nrh '"•tit>ttr. F'..dHal A•utklll . -.~"'"' · Ol.b'-n~ C:lh>. Okl,,fw.m~ C.,_Rt Rrt""t ~H. ~"\\'ST.\(;;\[t'~ RJ~$1'0:-i~t-:S OF nrF. C~T to ~ton. TJOS .,SD TO -011\f.C':TIOS .~U.T F.Ql'l\'.o\LE:\'T 'sn SOSF.Qt'n~AI:.F.:O.'T STt\n'U Af"T'Eft CSI· L'TEit\L C.\LOYUC 11.\IUTt'ATlOS lrr \\'il'lam E. c .... nm .. A"!:~'"' ·19f\3. · · • ·

. Sh C..~ ,..,.,... '"'re-d tn mild ~l.v aa:~luatlc'*' ~ an<! af"" ,,.- tt,tff\..-ntn,:: ~ <'If 13 nloric 1~rx-, AD t_ri-"1' "':r'"' l1t tnt.ol d.ulnr•'- SJ<-.('ha..,. d~ <'If tfw "'..,...._ hrat ;f'"l~·. · ancl tlttntlnft t'tl · ,..,...~ - -t. AI\ :l ""''""""' ....-ll....,k<l _a drclinr In bocl! t~ f'l'tlnatY and thr ,.....~an· no I~ . _. • .,,.,.._ ._.~ to retatian ~ tlw- nok>rie . 't.~hi"~tiftft ~ ·~ flft ~~. le .. t~Moft "'"'' - •rr'""'' . ~mulu,' ' ~r:aliumn. o;rr~_ lft: (al .dw­partrm~ ('( ,...~.,..,. rtcjts~ rlid!tod ~ atri'latrnl and ¥.-Mal •limulatinn; aJ:'Irl (bl . lnm>·~· '"""" ~pott-u.d as ~ C1!tt~ fnr t~ f~ihn-r tf' ~aift .tran<ftT. Additioeal anitaMII

-t:111e>ric: mal, Cf'l:ftli~ "'1""'b ~~ ~~- rrductic"' of n~Jtac-' k . ~Cic to lhr dlrl'Ctlcwt rlid~ ~. habituadoe trials.: ·

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1.S~ 3. Jlabftaetbt -4. TnntftT t:lf!C'dt 5. 5m_,- PI """'

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Owil AIEiwdioal ~h JMC~twf~p. r~ A~ Al'!'ftCY. OlblaM CJrr. Olw-.. CAlli~ tn-14. Nt5TACWSIU:SPOSSE5 OF THE C\T 1'0 ROTA­no~ A.''D TO DOU:CTIO~AU.T EQt.f'J\'Al.£."q A.'m ~O~QVJVALDT 5'TI.\fUU AfTER tnn­LATDAL CALOftfC IIAII111ATJO!'C by \\-a- E. CalliM, A.,._ 19&1.

5h Cllb - ~ 10 llldd ~ ._hwtfnn ~ ..t aiM ., ~ wrln of IS ~ lr~dllM. AD rriak - In tntal ~ n-.,_ ~ of 6e ~ t-c.f"'"JW''CT;;; Md cfatatlon of Mi~IGI _,.. -.J. All 3 _..._ ftflhtnl a drdmP hi bGdl ctw ,.._,. ..t rtw M'C'OIIIbry-~ --~ •• ~ r..a-tnc tfw nJon.: ~ ~ ~ ~- Le.. ~ -.., ...,..,.,_ ~~ Dlfhn:ak:u tit:· Ca) ~ poll"'""" iJ! ~ .wftat..,. dldlrd tz;,;::::t::~• ~ •~ -.d fb} ~. - . IS ,.,... ~ fw II.. r~ 10 ... rr..ftl>. ~ ~ nlock trbk canl"-cc l'l'fO!l" .... tfw ftductiuw of ~ b ~IC 10 the~ dialed .................. tJWL

Uwil Aota-dkal ~ ~. f"~ A~ A('mley. Olw.- City. Olbr-... CARIJ~rpott SJ..J.C. :rts'TACMVS llDlO~ Of" THE CAT to JtOTA-o. no~ ASD TO DIJIF.CTJO~Au.t" EQUIV..\l.DT ·"-''D ~OSF.Ql'IV Al.VCT 5Tl\CVLi'~ t.~ I.An:RAL ~ 11A811VATJO:'I( llf"\'·a- E. <:.oif... A~ 19!0.

5I. Cllb - ~ 10 ..dd ~- acoelt.JildoA W:­... "'" .. ~rlla of 15 Clhtc ~ AG hUh - • ad 51aw ,._. dtsr' .. of 6e ~ ._..,. ...... __ .... .. ""Q'*::- -.1. AI 3 __.. ~ a &rcJin,p • ~he ,...,. ..S tfw we ....... ~~.~~ l'tif _ JIOIO!Ibtiae~

.lfR ~ ~ -.......s ...... - ~- &.e.. dlent - - ......... ~ Jl'.......... DlffeiC80tll Ill: fa) diiP I*'"----........ %;:::::-....._. ~-lb)~ • .-. -- ~-t-~ ~ fw ... &~~.ft. 10 ............. ~ ......... ~ lrfals ~ ~ thlllt dw ~ til .,Jt:lipwa .. JPfdiC 10 .... dfftdiaa e!tdlwl ~ t I • *• tiiiiL

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