NYSDOH Bureau of Water

Supply Protection

Management of Public Water

Suppliers

Brock Rogers, P.E.

Bureau of Water Supply Protection

New York State Department of Health

518-402-7650

brock.rogers@health.ny.gov

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Overview of DOH Bureau of Water Supply Protection

Where Does Drinking Water Come From?

Threats to Drinking Water

Public Water Systems

Regulation of Public Water Systems

Approval of Plans for PWSs

Approval of New Well Sources

Yield Testing Requirements for PWSs

Topics Covered

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Bureau of Water

Supply Protection

- Overview

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection (BWSP)

Mission

To protect the health, safety and welfare of the residents and visitors of New York State through

regulatory oversight and implementation, technical support, and response activities for:

1) public water systems (about 9,100)

2) bulk and bottled water facilities (70 bulk haulers, 151 bottlers)

3) private/non-public water supplies (about 800,000)

4) on-site waste treatment systems

5) realty subdivisions

6) recreational water (i.e. engineering plan review of pools and spray parks)

7) nursing home and hospital potable water for protection against Legionella (over 800)

8) cooling tower registration and proper operation for protection against Legionella (over

10,000)

9) emerging water supply issues, including unregulated contaminants

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection (BWSP)

New York State's Public Drinking Water Supplies - Subpart 5-1 (municipal water

supplies, schools, businesses, etc.)

Certification of Drinking Water Treatment Operators - 10 NYCRR Subpart 5-4

Certification of Bottled and Bulk Water Supplies - Subpart 5-6

Private/Non-public Wells and On-site Waste Treatment System - Appendix 5-B,

Part 75, Appendix 75-A & 75C:

Realty Subdivisions - Part 74

Recreational Waters - Part 6 (engineering review of pools, spray parks, etc.)

Cooling Towers – Subpart 4-1 (Protection Against Legionella)

Health Care Facilities - Subpart 4-2 (Protection Against Legionella)

Regulatory Responsibilities (under 10 NYCRR)

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection (BWSP)

BWSP is comprised of about 50 staff including engineers, scientists, data managers,

public health specialists, mapping specialists, and administrative professionals.

BWSP staff implement programs through the regional and field structure in

collaboration with local, state and federal partners/stakeholders.

Director

Assistant Directors

New York

City

Watershed

Professional

Certification Operations Design

Residential

Sanitation

Compliance

and

Information

Systems

Special Projects

Water Systems

Control

and

Analysis

Administration

Organization and Staffing

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NYSDOH – Regional & Field Structure The water supply program is implemented

and overseen through a regional structure

Core roles and

services provided by:

37 - Full service City &

County Health

Departments

9 - State District

Offices

Local Health

Departments (LHDs)

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Field Coordinators • Liaisons between the State

and County DOH

County DOH • Daily regulatory oversight

of water systems

• Update SDWIS – input

data, violations, etc.

NYSDOH – Field Structure

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NY Counties Located (in whole or in part) in the

Susquehanna Basin

Allegany

Broome

Chemung

Chenango

Cortland

Delaware

Herkimer

Livingston

Madison

Oneida

Onondaga

Otsego

Schoharie

Schuyler

Steuben

Thompkins

Tioga

Yates

https://www.srbc.net/portals/susquehanna-atlas/projects-map/

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Where Does Your

Drinking Water

Come From?

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Facts & Figures

9,100 public water systems

(PWSs)

8,130 PWSs use groundwater (serving pop. ≈ 5 Million)

960 PWSs use surface water

supplies (serving pop. ≈ 16.4 Million)

More than 7,600 freshwater lakes, ponds and reservoirs that are used for recreation and water supply.

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Threats to

Drinking Water

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Bacteria Typhoid - salmonella typhi Cholera - vibrio cholera E. coli 0157

Viruses Human enteric viruses hepatitis A & polio

Protozoans & Parasites

Giardia & cryptosporidium

Threats to Drinking Water

Pathogenic Organisms

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Naturally Occurring Chemicals

Arsenic, radionuclides, metals ...

Biologicals (algae, decomposition)

Industrial Chemicals

Metals - Pb, Hg, Se ...

Organics - benzene, MTBE, TCE, PCBs...

Agricultural Chemicals

Pesticides, fertilizers ...

Emerging Contaminants

1,4-Dioxane, PFAS, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

Threats to Drinking Water

Chemicals

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Quality & Aesthetics

Turbidity

Suspended Solids

Taste, Odor and Color agents

Quantity

Drought

Source Characteristics

Use and Replenishment

Leaks and Breaks

Threats to Drinking Water

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Threats to Drinking Water

Regulation

Source Protection

Treatment (Filtration, Disinfection....)

Design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure

Operator certification and training

Monitoring

Inspection / Sanitary Survey

Mitigation Through Multi-Barrier Protection

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Public Water

Systems

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What is a Public Water System?

A water system which provides piped water to the

public for human consumption, if such system has

at least five service connections or regularly

serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily

at least 60 days out of the year

> 9,000 PWS in NY State

Public Water Systems

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Federal vs. Non-Federal Water Systems Federal PWS - 15 or more service connections or 25 or more

people

State PWS - 5 or more service connections or 25 or more

people (examples: small mobile home parks and apartment

buildings)

Other PWS - PWSs that receive a permit from the health

department (i.e., food services, hotels, campgrounds, children’s

camps, etc.)

Public Water Systems

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Types of Public Water Systems

- Community (CWS) – residential

A public water system which serves at least five service connections

used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-

round residents

- Non-Community (NC) – non-residential

- Non-transient non-community (NTNC)

Regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons, four hours or more

per day, for four or more days per week, for 26 or more weeks per year

- Transient non-community (TNC)

A noncommunity water system that does not regularly serve at least 25 of

the same people over six months per year

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Types of Public Water Systems

Examples:

- Community (CWS) – Municipalities, private water companies,

apartment complexes, mobile home parks (≈ 2,840 CWS in

NYS)

- Non-transient non-community (NTNC) – Schools, hospitals,

office buildings (≈ 725 NTNCWS in NYS)

- Transient non-community (TNC) – Restaurants, Convenience

Stores (≈ 5,520 TNCWS in NYS)

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Regulation of

Public Water

Systems

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• EPA role

– Sets national standards/regulations

– States act as primary regulators

• NYS role

– Primacy (state must adopt national regs and show EPA how it

will carry them out and enforce).

– NYS can develop regs in addition to EPA’s

• Field Structure

– Regions, Counties, District Offices

Regulation of Public Water Systems

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EPA Drinking Water Regulations

• Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1974

• Interim Primary Drinking Water

Standards 1977

• SDWA Amendments 1986

• Surface Water Treatment Rule

(SWTR) 1989

• Total Coliform Rule 1989

• Information Collection Rule 1990

• Lead and Copper Rule 1991

Disinfection & Disinfection

Byproduct (DDBP) /Stage 2 1993/2006

• Interim Enhanced SWTR 1996

• Contaminant Candidates List 1998

• Unregulated Contaminant

Monitoring Requirements 1998

• Public Notification Rule 2000

• Radionuclides Rule 2000

• Long Term 1 Enhanced and

Long Term 2 ESWTR 2002/2006

• Arsenic Rule 2002

• Stage 2 DDBP Rule 2006

• Groundwater Rule 2006

• Revised Total Coliform Rule 2013

http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/currentregulations.cfm

Regulation of Public Water Systems

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How Does NYS Regulate Drinking Water Systems?

www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/regulations

Subpart 5-1 of the NYS Sanitary Code

(a.k.a. “Part 5”) Latest Revision – May 16, 2018

Codification of PWS Rules and Regulations

Tables of Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)

Requirements for Monitoring and Notifications

Regulation of Public Water Systems

UNOFFICIAL COMPLIATION OF CODES, RULES, AND REGULATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK TITLE 10. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CHAPTER I. STATE SANITARY CODE PART 5. DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES SUBPART 5-1. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES Text is current through May 16, 2018. (Statutory authority: Public Health Law, Section 225)

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Part 5 Appendices

Recommended Standards for Water

Works, a.k.a.10 States Standards

(Appendix 5-A)

Standards for Water Wells

(Appendix 5-B and 5-D)

Operator Certification (Subpart 5-4)

Regulation of Public Water Systems

(standards for drinking water infrastructure design and

construction that are incorporated into the code)

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Approval of Plans

for Public Water

Systems

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NYS Sanitary Code – Section 5-1.22(a): No supplier of water shall

make, install or construct, or allow to be made, installed or constructed, a

public water system or any addition or deletion to or modification of a

public water system until the plans and specifications have been

submitted to and approved by the State.

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval Process:

Application for Approval of Plans for Public Water Supply

Improvement (DOH-348)

Engineering Report…by Licensed NYS Professional Engineer

Site Information

Ownership & Service Area

Existing Facilities

Hydrogeological Report (if necessary)

Need for Project

Alternatives Analysis

Cost Estimate

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval Process (Cont.): Plans and Specifications…by Licensed NYS Professional Engineer

Overall site information

Overall site location

Separation distances

Plan and profile of water main

Plan and elevation view of buildings and treatment system

Tank details

One-line diagrams

Treatment schematics

Technical specifications

Testing requirements

Startup procedures

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval Process (cont.):

DOH reviews submittal and confers with local health department or

district office, as applicable.

o Many projects reviewed/approved solely by local health department

Approval of plans issued (DOH 1017)

Project is constructed

Project engineer submits Engineer’s Certification of Project

Completion (DOH 5025)

DOH inspects completed works

DOH issues Approval of Completed Works (DOH 1032)

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval of New

Well Sources

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Disclaimer - Items listed below are not all inclusive. Additional requirements can be found in Part 5 of the

NYS Sanitary Code and Recommended Standards for Water Works (aka., 10 States Standards)

Water Withdrawal Application (>100,000 gpd)

Consult with NYSDEC, APA, DRBC or SRBC, as necessary

Location/Site Description (including maps)

100’/200’ of ownership/control (additional measures of protection allowed)

Separation from potential sources of contamination (Appendix 5-D, Table 1)

Nearby surface water

Geology

Approval of New Well Sources

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Source Capacity

Yield Testing (Appendix 5-D, Table 2) – more on yield testing later

Max Day Demand (MDD) w/largest well out of service

Water quality results – full Part 5 analysis

GWUDI evaluation if necessary

Approval of New Well Sources

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Well Construction

NYSDEC Well Completion Report

Preclude and prevent entry of known sources of contamination Located upgradient

Final grade is away from wellhead

Protected from flooding

No pits

Minimum separation distances (Appendix 5-D, Table 1)

Casing Material type

Top of casing in areas not subject to flooding – Extend at least 18 inches above grade

Top of casing in areas subject to flooding – Extend at least 3 feet above flood elevation

Casing length – depends on geology (Appendix 5-B, Table 2)

Well caps Sanitary seal – no split casing

Vented

Lockable

Approval of New Well Sources

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Chemical Storage – 300’

Manure spreading – 200’

Manure Storage – 200’

Septic system (non-watertight) – 200’

Septic tank (water tight effluent) – 100’

Sanitary or combined sewer – 50’

Other known unlisted – 200’

50/50 Rule – Distances increased by 50%

if water enters well less than 50’ below

grade

Separation Distances

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Yield Testing

Requirements

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Appendix 5-D.4

Yield testing required for new and redeveloped wells

Case specific, w/ LHD approval: for uniform hydrogeological conditions & adequate info

-or-

Test directed by experienced hydrogeologist or licensed professional

engineer

Standard Tests

Constant Flow Rate testing can be used in unconsolidated deposits

“Stabilized Drawdown” method required for rock wells (some exceptions)

Duration in accordance with Appendix 5-D, Table 2

Yield Testing Requirements for PWSs

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Constant Flow Rate Test (DEC & HGs): Well is pumped at a constant rate and

drawdown (i.e., water level in well) may continue but at a very smooth (“stable”)

Rate; looks very linear when plotted on semi-log paper

Stabilized Drawdown (Historic DOH Position): Well is pumped at a constant rate

but drawdown ceases, i.e. water level in the well remains the same (“stable”);

Recharge = Withdrawal

+/- 0.5 feet per 100 feet of water column

Water level at end of stabilized drawdown period not lower than beginning of stabilized period

Look at recovery – water level recovers to 90% of initial level within 24 hours after pumping

ceased

Evaluate Sustained Performance during seasonal or multi-year dry periods If stabilized pumping level not achieved or well does not recover 90% with 24 hrs after pumping

stops

Clarification of “Stabilized Drawdown”

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Clarification of “Stabilized Drawdown”

After pump operates for several

minutes or even hours, a

“stabilized” pumping level is

achieved and a cone of

depression forms

Water replenished from the

aquifer equals the water being

pumped

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Geology

Depth

Distance from

surface water

CWS, NTNC, TNCs

24 or 72 hrs

*DEC - 72 hrs*

Yield Test Duration

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Test shall be conducted at a pumping rate at least equal to the

design rate.

Water discharge should not short circuit back to the aquifer being

tested.

If the well is potentially GWUDI water quality shall be tested during

the yield test in accordance with guidance on GWUDI testing.

Monitoring temperature and conductivity in well and nearby surface

water during yield test

Microscopic Particulate Analysis (MPA) at the end of the yield test

May need to do daily temperature and conductivity testing for a year,

then second MPA

Yield Testing

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All New PWS Wells Must Have GWUDI Determination

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Questions

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Brock Rogers, P.E.

Bureau of Water Supply Protection

New York State Department of Health

518-402-7650

brock.rogers@health.ny.gov

CONTACT INFORMATION