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WTC Public Safety StudiesNIST World Trade Center Investigation

Jason Averill, Project LeaderNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyBuilding and Fire Research Laboratory

; ;>This Federal Investigation isconducted under th e authority of theNational Construction Safety Team Act (PL 107-231)

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WTC Public Safety StudiesObjectives of the NIST Investigation

Why and how WTC 1, 2, and 7 collapsed following theinitial impacts of the aircraft in WTC 1 and 2;jlJSSwl f;j f V '2. Explain fatalities by location, including all technical'AlM4t* - r- _ __ * _ i *Jaspects of fire protection, occupant behavior,evacuation, and emergency response;

' ? * V i , *1* T3. Determine procedures and practices used in thedesign, construction, operation, and maintenance of

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WTC 1,2, and 7; and. Identify areas for improvement to building andfirepractices, codes, and standards.

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WTC Public Safety StudiesDesiredOutcomes

Make buildings saferEnhance safety of fire and emergency responders

* Better protect occupants and property in the futureBetter emergency response capabilities andprocedures

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WTC Public Safety StudiesOccupant Behavior, Egress, and

Emergency CommunicationsTo determine the behavior and fate of occupants andresponders by collecting and analyzing information on:

occupant behaviorhuman factorsegressemergency communicationsevacuation system

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WTC Public Safety StudiesFire Service Technology and Guidelines

To build upon work already done by the Fire Department ofNewYork (FDNY) and McKinsey & Company and:

document what happened during the response by the fireservices, up to the time of collapse of WTC 7identify issues in fire service practice, standards, andcodesidentify alternative practices/technologiesidentify R&D needs that advance fire service safety

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WTC Public Safety Studies

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Methodology for First Person Accountsv J ! '

*Face-to-Face Interviews (-750)-Designed to maximize accuracy, recall,anddetail

Telephone Interviews (-800)Designed for statistical representativeness

Focus Groups (~15)-Designed for in-depth study of specific issues

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WTC Public Safety StudiesFace-to-face Interviews

3 Step ProcessUninterrupted description of theeventStructured discussion to elicit sequence ofactionsFollow-up questions

Participants Include Occupants, First Responders,nd FamiliesNI5T

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WTC Public Safety StudiesISf-lA",.' ^ "'"'

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5 Telephone Interviews s t r a (5 s tLXificsrateStandardized Set of Questions KHHStatistically representative populationof occupants from WTC 1 and WTC 2Stratification Variables:

Initial Floor Population Density Single/Multi-Tenant Floor Floor 1 oration

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 1

itiong y

Zone6

78-84 ^^in

44

Zone 5

Zone 4

WTC1 W TC 2

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WTC Public Safety StudiesFocus Groups

Detailed Recall of Specific Group Experiences- 5Groups of -10 Occupants of WTC1, 2, or 7-10groups of -5 first responders

( a company or other similar group )

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Sept 2002 ,^ \ ''^^'' "

Feb 2003A p r i l 2003

2003June 2003Mov 2003Jan 2004August 2004

WTC Public Safety StudiesT im e l i n e

External experts on-boardSurvey methodology developedSurvey contractor on-boardSurvey instruments developed and approvedSurvey field work initiatedSurvey field work completedAnalysis of data collections completeNIST completes Investigation

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WTC Public Safety StudiesFor More Information

Web Site: http://wtc.nist.govEmail: wte@fljst.goyRegular WTCTechnical Information RepositoryMail: NIST

100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8610Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8610

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