NW-AIRQUEST projects on Agricultural and Wildfire Smoke in the Inland Northwest: ClearSky and...
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Transcript of NW-AIRQUEST projects on Agricultural and Wildfire Smoke in the Inland Northwest: ClearSky and...
NW-AIRQUEST projects on Agricultural and Wildfire Smoke in the Inland Northwest:
ClearSky and AIRPACT-3
presented by: Joe Vaughan WSU-LARcontributors: Jack Chen, WSU-LAR;
Rahul Jain, Golman Associates; Kyle Heitkamp, Geomatrix, Inc.;
Brian Lamb, WSU-LAR
WRAP - Fire Emissions Joint Forum Meeting
October 18, 2006, Spokane, WA,
Outline• NW-AIRQUEST• ClearSky
– System design– Plume Rise Field Studies– Initial ClearSky Evaluation– Ensemble Effort
• AIRPACT-3– System design– BlueSky wildfire emissions– Wildfire results
What is NW-AIRQUEST?Northwest and International Air Quality, Environmental Northwest and International Air Quality, Environmental Science and Technology Consortium Science and Technology Consortium Organized in response to results of the Northwest Air Organized in response to results of the Northwest Air Summit of June 2003Summit of June 2003Inspired by Northwest Regional Technical Center’s Inspired by Northwest Regional Technical Center’s success in supporting and utilizing regional success in supporting and utilizing regional meteorological forecasting (MM5 at UW).meteorological forecasting (MM5 at UW).Committed to supporting air quality policy with best Committed to supporting air quality policy with best available scienceavailable science
MM5
CALMETCALPUFF
u, v formattedfor each layer of CALMET
3D met field-----------------
u, v, w, T, BL variables
Web-served PM2.5 plume animations
IC/BC (GFS)
landuseterrain
Hybrid emissions generation
MCIP
ClearSky Ag-Burn Smoke Dispersion Modeling System
www.clearsky.wsu.edu
Ag-burn scenarios from
web-baseduser interface
ClearSky Domains and Scenario Generator
CANADA
WASHINGTON
OREGON
IDAHO
Results?
ClearSky Plume Rise Field Study• Objective: Evaluate CALPUFF plume rise
– Measure top of plume height– Collect meteorological data– Document burns visually (Photographs)
• Methods– Aircraft measurements– Ground-based measurements– CALPUFF reruns
Field Burn Overview
Day Field Date Location (County) Start Time (PDT) End Time (PDT) Size (Acres) Crop TypeField 1 10:59 12:30 120 Irr. Spring WheatField 2 14:56 15:31 110 Irr. Spring WheatField 1 13:18 14:27 88 KBGField 2 14:36 15:12 32 KBGField 3 15:17 16:18 105 KBGField 1 12:05 13:03 76 KBGField 2 13:50 15:05 157 KBGField 1 11:54 12:55 122 Winter WheatField 2 14:53 15:58 122 Winter Wheat
Day 4
7/30/2004
8/20/2004
9/8/2004
9/29/2004
Day 1
Day 3
Day 2
Columbia, WA
Franklin, WA
Nez Perce, ID
Lewis, ID
• 76 to 122 Acres
•Wheat Stubble & Kentucky Bluegrass
Field Burn Surface Data
Day Field Temp. (C ) Speed (m/s) Dir. (degrees) Pre-Burn Post-BurnField 1 29 3.4 184 4.7Field 2 36 2.6 99 4Field 1 33 1.2 268 1.6 0.3Field 2 34 0.4 322 1.6 0.3Field 3 34 1.1 293 1.6 0.3Field 1 25 1.4 83Field 2 27Field 1 29 2.3 0.2Field 2 29 3.5 243 2 0.4
Day 4
Ultrasonic Anemometer Field Loading (Ton/Acre)
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
• Blank areas represent missing or malfunctioning equipment
• Field Loading ClearSky currently uses:
•2-6 Ton/Acre (Wheat Stubble)
•2.8 Ton/Acre (KGB)
CALPUFF Reruns
• CALMET file from burn day recovered• Emission files modified for field burn
– Field location, area, burn time, field loading• CALPUFF code modified to output plume
heights– Buoyant Line Source (fire front)
• Final plume height
– Buoyant Area Source (smoldering field) • Plume evolution
Plume Rise Results from Original ClearSky
CALPUFF Buoyant Area and Line Source Plume Heights with Top of Plume Heights from Air and Surface Observations
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Day 1,
Fiel
d 1
Day 1,
Fiel
d 2
Day 2,
Fiel
d 1
Day 2,
Fiel
d 2
Day 2,
Fiel
d 3
Day 3,
Fiel
d 1
Day 3,
Fiel
d 2
Day 4,
Fiel
d 1
Day 4,
Fiel
d 2
Burn Day
Plum
e He
ight
(m)
Buoyant Area Source Buoyant Line Source Max Air Observation Max Ground Observation
6 underestimated plume height1 overestimated plume height1 not compared due to large variation in observations
Update Emission Parameters• from Evaluation of ClearSky (Jain, 2004) • and by reference to Air Sciences Field Studies
Effective Height of Emissions (m) 0.5 0.5Temperature (K) 333 324
Effective Rise Velocity (m/s) 0.01 1.4Initial Vertical Spread (m) 100 100
Line Height (m) 1 0.5Average Line Width (m) 5 5Temperature (K) 573 361
Buoyant Area Source Previous Value
Updated Value
Buoyant Line Source
Exit Velocity (m/s) 0.5 2.2
Final ResultsTop of Plume Heights for CALPUFF Buoyant Area and Buoyant Line Source with Updated
Emissions Parameters and Maximum Air and Ground Observations
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Day 1,
Field
1
Day 1,
Field
2
Day 2,
Field 1
Day 2,
Field
2
Day 2,
Field
3
Day 3,
Field 1
Day 3,
Field 2
Day 4,
Field
1
Day 4,
Field
2
Burn Day
Top
of P
lum
e H
eigh
t (m
)
Buoyant Area Source Buoyant Line Source Max Air Observation Max Ground Observation
2 underestimated plume height, slightly2 - 3 overestimated plume heightNewer emission parameters increase plume rise
ClearSky Evaluation
• 2003 ClearSky Evaluation (Jain, 2004):– ClearSky is highly sensitive to Wind Speed &
Wind Direction– Small differences in wind direction determine
whether or not smoke plumes are predicted to affect an air quality monitoring station
– How to represent the uncertainty of the meteorological conditions?
ATHOL
Suggested an Ensemble Meteorology approach! Another story …for another time!?
Now... on to AIRPACT Wildfire presentation by Jack Chen
Applied Sciences Program Approach to Integrated System Solutions forA Comprehensive Regional Air-Quality Decision Support System for the Pacific Northwest