Nutritional Survey of Tea Garden Workers

7/31/2019 Nutritional Survey of Tea Garden Workers

1/11

KTSQBSBMKFN WTQPDR M@ SDF ZMQIDQWMK GNMWDC. QD,MXDKDC. FKC MXDK SDF XNFKSFSBMKW M@ SED CMMFQW

QDJBMK. ZDWS ADKJFN. BKCBF

MGSMADQ. 1884Abqxfqf. Ofnxfbjtqb Cbwsqbgs. Zdws Adkjfn

Ar

Wfqlbwesef Abwzfw. Cdafwbwe Gemiqfamqsr. Wtsfr Adqlfk. Q+K+. fkc Omwetf Adqlfk.

`mq Xfwgebl Afkjf Ieds Lfommq Wflbsr %Zdws Adkjfn Fjqbgtnstqfn ZmqidqwFwwmgbfsbmk". bk fwwmgbfsbmk zbse sed Bksdqkfsbmkfn Tkbmk m` @mmczmqidqw fkc sed

Fldqbgfk Odzbwe Zmqnc Wdqpbgd

FAWSQFGS

Maodgsbpd? Sm cdsdqlbkd sed ktsqbsbmkfn wsfstw m` sdf zmqidqw mk gnmwdc. qdgdksnr qd,mxdkdc %wbgi". fkc kmqlfnnr `tkgsbmkbkj jfqcdkw+ Wdssbkj? Wbu sdf jfqcdkw bk sed Cmmfqw

Qdjbmk. Ofnxfbjtqb Cbwsqbgs. Zdws Adkjfn. Bkcbf+ Ldsemcw? 618 `flbnbdw %082 bkcbpbctfnw"zdqd wtqpdrdc bk sedbq emldw mk sed nfamq nbkdw m` wbu sdf jfqcdkw+ Qdwtnsw? Afwdc mk

Zmqnc Edfnse Mqjfkbfsbmk gqbsdqbf `mq Amcr Lfww Bkcdu. fnn `mtq mxdk jfqcdkw wtqpdrdcgfk ad nfadndc fw wsfqpbkj gmlltkbsbdw mq fs gqbsbgfn qbwi `mq lmqsfnbsr `qml

wsfqpfsbmk+ Afwdc mk cfbnr gfnmqbg bksfid. 31+4$ m` sed gnmwdc jfqcdk xmxtnfsbmkwgnfwwb`r fw Adnmz Xmpdqsr Nbkd %AXN". `mnnmzdc ar 38$ AXN bk wbgi jfqcdkw. amse m`

zebge fqd wbjkb`bgfksnr ebjedq sefk sed kfsbmkfn fpdqfjd+ Gmkgntwbmk? Lfnktsqbsbmk dubwswmk fnn wbu jfqcdkw wtqpdrdc+ Dpdk zmqidqw mk wbgi fkc mxdk jfqcdkw dkctqd dusqdld ndfk

xdqbmcw ctd sm cdgqdfwdc mq cdnfrdc zfjd xfrldksw fkc `mmc qfsbmkw. fw zdnn fwbkgmkwbwsdksnr xqmpbcdc adkd`bsw sefs fqd ctd ar nfz+ Ndjfnnr lfkcfsdc zmqidq adkd`bsw

%dwxdgbfnnr `mq xqdjkfks fkc aqdfws`ddcbkj zmldk" fkc jmpdqkldks qdnbd` xqmjqflw nbidBksdjqfsdc Gebnc Cdpdnmxldks Wgedld %BGCW" fkc sed Lbc,Cfr Ldfn Wgedld %LCLW"

fqd bqqdjtnfq. bkgmkwbwsdks. fkc bk wmld gfwdw. bkfcdvtfsd mq dksbqdnr fawdks+ Jfqcdklfkfjdqw fkc jmpdqkldks fbc wtxxnbdqw kddc sm %6" blxqmpd sed vtfnbsr fkc d``bgbdkgr m`

sedbq xqmjqflw fkc %1" dctgfsd sed zmqidqw fw sm sed dubwsdkgd m` sedwd xqmjqflw+ Sebwnfssdq xmbks bw dwwdksbfn fkc tqjdks+ Lfkr zmqidqw efpd km bcdf fw sm sed dubwsdkgd m`

qdnbd` mq qfsbmk xqmjqflw fkc. zedk sedr cm. efpd km ikmzndcjd fw sm xqmgdctqdw+ Sedrfqd fnwm tkbk`mqldc fw sm sedbq qbjesw tkcdq dubwsbkj nfamtq nfzw+


2/11

B+ BKSQMCTGSBMK

Nbid lmws sdf xqmctgbkj fqdfw m` Kmqsedfwsdqk Bkcbf. sed Cmmfqw Qdjbmk sdf bkctwsqr

wt``dqdc f gqbsbgfn xdqbmc `qml 1881 sm 18839 ctqbkj sebw sbld 11 m` sed 435 qdjbwsdqdc sdfjfqcdkw bk Cmmfqw gnmwdc sedbq cmmqw. d``dgsbpdnr fafkcmkbkj qdwbcdks zmqidqw fkc sedbq

`flbnbdw+ Kdfqnr 688.888 xdmxnd %zmqidqw fkc sedbq cdxdkcfksw" zdqd cbqdgsnr f``dgsdc arsed gnmwtqdw. cdxqbpdc m` `mmc qfsbmkw. zfjdw. edfnse gfqd. dndgsqbgbsr. cqbkibkj zfsdq. fkc

sqfkwxmqsfsbmk sm fkc `qml wgemmnw `mq sed gebncqdk+ Sebw xdqbmc zfw fnwm lfqidc ar fwtqjd m` wsfqpfsbmk cdfsew mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw zebge ndc. bk Ofktfqr 1883. sm sed `bnbkj m`

fk BF %Bksdqbl Fwwdwwldks" bk Zqbs Xdsbsbmk 620-1886 bk sed Wtxqdld Gmtqs %Qbjes sm@mmc fkc Zmqi"+ Sebw. bk stqk. ndc sm nblbsdc jmpdqkldks ldfwtqdw sm xqmpbcd qfsbmkw fkc

sdlxmqfqr zmqi sm sdf zmqidqw bk gnmwdc jfqcdkw+ Bk fccbsbmk. wxdgbfn d``mqsw zdqd lfcdsm `bkc kdz dlxnmrdqw mq xdqwtfcd sed mnc dlxnmrdqw sm qdmxdk sedbq jfqcdkw+

Fnn ats szm m` sed 11 gnmwdc jfqcdkw zdqd wtawdvtdksnr qdmxdkdc ar sed adjbkkbkj m` sed

lmkwmmk wdfwmk. 1884+ Emzdpdq. fs sed sbld m` sebw qdxmqs. lmws qdlfbk bkwmnpdks. mqwbgi. zbse zmqidq gmkcbsbmkw fw xmmq fw dpdq. fkc lfr wmmk wets sedbq cmmqw fjfbk+

Cdwxbsd d``mqsw sm dfwd sed zmqidqw wt``dqbkj. qdxmqsw m` etkjdq. lfnktsqbsbmk. fkcwsfqpfsbmk cdfsew xdqwbws mk gnmwdc. wbgi. fkc mxdk jfqcdkw+ Wtge qdxmqsw efpd addk lfcd

bk amse sed nmgfn fkc bksdqkfsbmkfn ldcbf. bk wsfsdldksw `qml sqfcd tkbmk ndfcdqw. fkc bkxdqwmkfn fggmtksw `qml sed zmqidqw sedlwdnpdw+

Sebw wtqpdr m` sdf zmqidq ktsqbsbmk mk mxdk. wbgi. fkc gnmwdc jfqcdkw zfw tkcdqsfidk bk

mqcdq sm pdqb`rmq cbwxqmpdsed f`mqdldksbmkdc qdxmqsw m` etkjdq fkc wsfqpfsbmkcdfsew. fkc sm gmnndgs wsfsbwsbgfnnr qdndpfks dpbcdkgd m` lfnktsqbsbmk+ Bs wemtnc ad kmsdc

sefs lfkfjdldksw xdqlbwwbmk sm wtqpdr mk mxdk jfqcdkw zfw jqfksdc mk gmkcbsbmk sefssedwdw jfqcdkw kfldw kms ad ldksbmkdc bk sed `bkfn qdxmqs9 `mq sebw qdfwmk. sed ftsemqw

zbnn qd`dq sm sed jfqcdkw wblxnr ar sedbq wsfstw fw mxdk. wbgi. fkc gnmwdc+

BB+ LDSEMCMNMJR

Sed wstcr zfw gmkctgsdc `qml FtjtwsMgsmadq. 1884+ Sed wtqpdr sdfl. zebge zfw

afwdc bk sed smzk m` Abqxfqf. Ofnxfbjtqb Cbwsqbgs. pbwbsdc 618 `flbnbdw mk wbu jfqcdkw+Szdksr `flbnbdw. qfkcmlnr wdndgsdc `qml pfqbmtw nfamq nbkdw. zdqd wtqpdrdc mk dfge

jfqcdk %dugdxs bk f `dz gfwdw mk mxdk jfqcdkw. zedqd `flbnbdw zdqd wdndgsdc ar f jfqcdkedfnse fwwbwsfks mq zdn`fqd m``bgdq"+ Sed wbu jfqcdkw gmkwbwsdc m` szm gnmwdc jfqcdkw. szm

wsqtjjnbkj. mq wbgi jfqcdkw. fkc szm qdjtnfqnr qtkkbkj mxdk jfqcdkw zebge efc kms gnmwdcctqbkj sed gqbwbw xdqbmc+ Pbwbsw zdqd xqmjqflldc wm fw sm `bkc sed lfubltl ktladq m`

emtwdemnc ldladqw fs emld zebge. `mq mxdqfsbkj jfqcdkw %wbgi fkc mxdk". ldfks `qml 3x+l+ sm : x+l+. zedk zmqidqw efc otws qdstqkdc emld `qml sed `bdncw fkc `fgsmqr+ Mk


3/11

gnmwdc jfqcdkw. sed sdfl zfw fand sm wtqpdr fnn cfr. semtje f `dz `flbnr ldladqw zdqd

kms xqdwdks ctd sm xqmpbwbmkfn jmpdqkldks,wxmkwmqdc zmqi xqmjqflw+

Fs dfge jfqcdk. sed wtqpdr sdfl wxnbs bksm szm xfbqw sm gmkctgs sedbq emtwd pbwbsw9 f`sdq

cdsdqlbkbkj sed dufgs bcdksbsr m` sed emtwdemnc ldladqw. sedbq kfld. fjd. jdkcdq. edbjes.

zdbjes. fkc mggtxfsbmk zdqd qdgmqcdc+ Edfcw m` `flbnr %xqd`dqfanr sed lmsedq mqzemdpdq zfw bk gefqjd m` sed gmmibkj" zdqd sedk zfnidc seqmtje sed vtdwsbmkkfbqd.

zebge gmkgdqkdc sed `flbnrw cbds. edfnse. cdfsew ctqbkj sed xfws seqdd rdfqw. fkc f

wxdgbfn wdqbdw m` vtdwsbmkw `mq xqdjkfks fkc aqdfws`ddcbkj zmldk+ Sed vtdwsbmkkfbqd fnwm

fccqdwwdc sed xqdwdkgd fkc vtfnbsr m` gdqsfbk jmpdqkldks qdnbd` xqmjqflw fkc zmqidqw

fzfqdkdww m` sedwd xqmjqflw fw zdnn fw sedbq qbjesw tkcdq gtqqdks nfamtq nfzw+ Bk jdkdqfn.

sed wtqpdr sdfl wxdks 78 lbktsdw fs dfge emtwdemnc fkc zdqd fand sm wtqpdr fkrzedqd

`qml `bpd sm `b`sddk `flbnbdw xdq cfr+

Gefnndkjdw dkgmtksdqdc bkgntcdc xerwbgfn fggdww sm jfqcdkw zebge nfr adrmkc cqr

qbpdqadcw zebge. f`sdq edfpr qfbkw. zmtnc `bnn fkc `mqgd sed sdfl sm gfkgdn sed cfrw

xqmjqfl+ Bk fccbsbmk. bs smmi nmkjdq sefk duxdgsdc sm masfbk lfkfjdqbfn xdqlbwwbmk smwtqpdr mxdk jfqcdkw+ Sedwd `fgsmqw gmksqbatsdc sm sed mqbjbkfnnr xnfkkdc wflxnd wbd

adbkj cdgqdfwdc `qml 5 sm 0 jfqcdkw %608 sm 618 `flbnbdw"+ Fnwm. sed sdfl mggfwbmkfnnr

dkgmtksdqdc nfkjtfjd afqqbdqw zedk xqdwdksdc zbse kmk,Ebkcb mq Adkjfnb wxdfibkj

`flbnbdw. bk zebge gfwd sed sdfl masfbkdc ednx `qml nmgfnw sm cdgbxedq sed sqbafn fkc

Kdxfnb nfkjtfjdw+

Sedqd zfw fnwm wmld gmkgdqk m` kms masfbkbkj f sqtd qdxqdwdksfsbpd wflxnd m` `flbnbdw mk

mxdk jfqcdkw zedqd lfkfjdqw fwwbjkdc sedbq wsf`` ldladqw sm wdndgs sed 18 `flbnbdw fkc

fggmlxfkr sed sdfl. fw efxxdkdc mk lmqd sefk mkd mggfwbmk+ Emzdpdq. sdfl ldladqw

zdqd kdfqnr fnzfrw wtggdww`tn zedk sedr bkwbwsdc mk wtqpdrbkj bkcdxdkcdksnr %b+d+

zbsemts sed xmwwbanr bksblbcfsbkj xqdwdkgd m` wsf``"+

SFAND 6? SMSFN KTLADQ M@ ZMQIDQW FKC @FLBNR LDLADQW WTQPDRDC?

Jfqcdk

Wsfstw

KM+ FCTNSWWTQPDRDC

KM+GEBNCQDK

%>65"SMSFN KM+WTQPDRDC

MXDK '6 08 30 680

MXDK '1 3: 76 :5

WBGI '6 40 47 682

WBGI '1 32 41 22

GNMWDC '6 40 45 663

GNMWDC '1 07 38 687

SMSFNW? 776 158 082


4/11

BBB+ QDWTNSW

F+ Amcr Lfww Bkcdu %ALB"Sed ldfwtqdldks m` jqmzse fkc amcr gmlxmwbsbmk. fnwm gfnndc fkseqmxmldsqbg

ldfwtqdldks. bw f zbcdnr twdc ldsemc sm fwwdww edfnse fkc ktsqbsbmk wsfstw m` amsebkcbpbctfnw fkc xmxtnfsbmkw+ M` sed pfqbmtw srxdw m` fkseqmxmldsqbg ldfwtqdldks. AmcrLfww Bkcdu %ALB" bw f gmllmk edfnse bkcbgfsmq fkc bw gfngtnfsdc ar cbpbcbkj f xdqwmkw

zdbjes ar sed wvtfqd m` sedbq edbjes+ Bs bw lmws fggtqfsd `mq cdsdqlbkbkj wdpdqdlfnktsqbsbmk bk fctnsw fjd 65 fkc mpdq+ Fggmqcbkj sm sed Zmqnc Edfnse Mqjfkbwfsbmk

b.

bkcbpbctfnw zbse f ALB m` ndww sefk 60 fqd gmkwbcdqdc fs ebje qbwi m` lmqsfnbsr `qmlwsfqpfsbmk. zebnd f xmxtnfsbmk zbse lmqd sefk 38$ m` bsw fctnsw zbse f ALB m` ndww sefk

65+4 lfr ad sdqldc fs gqbsbgfn qbwi `mq lmqsfnbsr `qml wsfqpfsbmk mq f wsfqpbkjgmlltkbsr+

SFAND 1? AMCR LFWW BKCDU %ALB"

Jfqcdk

Wsfstw

Km+ Fctnsw

wtqpdrdc

Fpdqfjd

ALB

Km+ fctnsw

zbse ALB

>65+4

Xdqgdks

>65+4

Km+ fctnsw

zbse ALB

>60

MXDK '6 08 65+6 13 38+8 6

MXDK '1 3: 62+4 62 38+3 1

WBGI '6 40 65+3 71 4:+6 :

WBGI '1 32 65+2 18 38+5 3

GNMWDC '6 40 62+4 62 77+2 6

GNMWDC '1 07 62+5 11 73+2 1

SMSFNW? 776 62+8 670 36+1 6:

Wbjkb`bgfks `bkcbkjw bk Sfand 1 fqd pfqbmtw+ @bqws bw sefs. sfidk fw f zemnd. sed dksbqd

xmxtnfsbmk m` 776 fctnsw wtqpdrdc gfk ad nfadndc fw f wsfqpbkj gmlltkbsr mq fsgqbsbgfn qbwi `mq lmqsfnbsr `qml wsfqpfsbmk %adgftwd sed xdqgdks m` bkcbpbctfnw zbse ALB

ndww sefk 65+4 zfw fampd 38$"+ Wdgmkcnr. `mtq mts m` sed wbu jfqcdkw wtqpdrdc gfk adnfadndc fw wsfqpbkj gmlltkbsbdw mq fs gqbsbgfn qbwi `mq lmqsfnbsr `qml wsfqpfsbmk ar

ZEM gqbsdqbf. bkgntcbkj amse mxdk fkc amse wbgi jfqcdkw+ Wtqxqbwbkjnr sed szm gnmwdc

jfqcdkw fpdqfjdc mknr 73+3$ m` sedbq xmxtnfsbmkw zbse ALB tkcdq 65+4 fkc zdqd sed mknrszm adnmz m``bgbfn wsfqpfsbmk ndpdnw+ Ldfkzebnd. Wbgi Jfqcdk '6 wemzdc sed fnfqlbkjqfsd m` 4:+6$ m` bsw xmxtnfsbmk zbse f ALB ndww sefk 65+4. xnfgbkj bs fs gqbsbgfn qbwi `mq

lmqsfnbsr `qml wsfqpfsbmk. bkgntcbkj wdpdk bkcbpbctfnw %61+4$" fs ebje qbwi m` lmqsfnbsr`qml wsfqpfsbmk+ Wbgi Jfqcdk '1 fnwm wemzdc f ebje qfsd %5+1$" m` fctnsw fs ebje qbwi m`

lmqsfnbsr `qml wsfqpfsbmk+ M` sed smsfn ktladq m` fctnsw wtqpdrdc bk fnn wbu jfqcdkw.4+6$ `dnn bksm sebw gfsdjmqr+


5/11

A+ Cbds

6+ Dkdqjr Gmkwtlxsbmk

Lfnktsqbsbmk bw cdwgqbadc ar sed Zmqnc Edfnse Mqjfkbfsbmk fw sed bkfcdvtfsd bksfid m`xqmsdbk. dkdqjr. fkc lbgqmktsqbdksw fkc ar `qdvtdks bk`dgsbmkw mq cbwdfwd+ Bk fccbsbmk sm

cd`bkbkj lfnktsqbsbmk. dkdqjr %gfnmqbg" bksfid bw fnwm twdc fw f xmpdqsr bkcbgfsmq bk Bkcbf.zbse emtwdemncw gmkwtlbkj ndww sefk 1388 gfnmqbdw xdq cfr xdq xdqwmk gmkwbcdqdc sm ad

Adnmz Xmpdqsr Nbkd %AXN"+

Sed wtqpdr mknr fnnmzdc `mq f mkd,cfr wkfxwems m` dfge `flbnrw dkdqjr gmkwtlxsbmk.ats. fw sedbq cbds qfqdnr pfqbdw `qml cfr sm cfr. sed cfbnr ldktw qdgmqcdc gfk ad

gmkwbcdqdc sm ad `tnnr qdxqdwdksfsbpd m` sedbq cfbnr cbds+ Fw lmws `flbnbdw wtqpdrdcwtqpbpd mk f cfr,ar,cfr afwbw. wmld cfrw fqd adssdq sefk msedqw %xfrcfr. lfqids cfrw.

ndfk cfrw". ats bs zfw cdsdqlbkdc sefs sedwd pfqbfsbmkw wemtnc gfkgdn dfge msedq mts+Dfge `flbnr zfw fwidc sm qdgmtks sedbq cbds ctqbkj sed dksbqd xqdpbmtw cfr9 sed vtfksbsbdw

m` dfge `mmc bsdl zdqd qdgmqcdc %bk ibnmjqflw"+ Gfnmqbg bksfid zfw nfsdq gfngtnfsdc `qmlsedwd ktladqw. sed smsfn m` zebge zfw cbpbcdc ar sed ktladq m` `flbnr ldladqw

%gebncqdk tkcdq 67 rdfqw zdqd gmtksdc fw +4. wbkgd sedr fwwtldcnr gmkwtld ndww sefk fkfctns. fkc bk`fksw tkcdq 6 rdfq zdqd kms bkgntcdc bk sed gfngtnfsbmkw"+

SFAND 7? GFNMQBD GMKWTLXSBMK FKC AXN

Jfqcdk

Wsfstw

Km+`flbnbdw

wtqpdrdc

Fpdqfjd xdqxdqwmk cfbnr

gfnmqbdw

Km+ `flbnbdw>1388 gfn+

%AXN"

Xdqgdks

wtqpdrdcxmxtnfsbmk

AXN

Km+ `flbnbdw

>548%wsfqpfsbmk

ndpdn"

MXDK '6 18 1575 4 14+8 8

MXDK '1 18 1466 : 74+8 8

WBGI '6 18 1348 61 08+8 1

WBGI '1 18 7321 3 18+8 8

GNMWDC '6 18 1082 2 34+8 8

GNMWDC '1 18 1016 5 38+8 8

SMSFNW? 618 1:47+4 34 7:+4 1

Bs bw tkwtqxqbwbkj sefs gnmwdc jfqcdkw. zedqd 31+4$ m` sed xmxtnfsbmk gnfwwb`bdc fw AXN.

`fqdc zmqws. `mnnmzdc ar 38$ bk wbgi jfqcdkw fkc 78$ bk mxdk jfqcdkw+ Fnn wbu jfqcdkwsmjdsedq. fpdqfjdc m` 7:$ AXN. zebge bw ebjedq sefk sed kfsbmkfn fpdqfjd+ Mknr szm

`flbnbdw zdqd `mtkc adnmz sed 548 gfnmqbd lfqi %wsfqpfsbmk ndpdnw" mk sed wfld wbgi


6/11

jfqcdk zbse sed fnfqlbkjnr nmz ALB ktladqw+ Sebw ktladq zmtnc efpd addk ltgeebjedq bk 1887. ad`mqd qfsbmkw fkc sdlxmqfqr zmqi adgfld fpfbnfand bk lfkr sedk,gnmwdc

jfqcdkw+

1+ Emz M`sdk @flbnbdw Dfs fkc Etkjqr Xdqbmcw

Semtje kdfqnr fnn `flbnbdw qdxmqsdc dfsbkj seqdd ldfnw f cfr ctqbkj sed sbld m` wtqpdr

%663 mts m` 618". 34 `flbnbdw. mq 75$ qdxmqsdc efpbkj jmkd fs ndfws mkd `tnn cfr zbsemtsfggdww sm `mmc ctqbkj sed nfws rdfq+ Sebw mggtqqdc mk fnn wbu jfqcdkw %2 `flbnbdw mk mxdk

jfqcdkw. 6: mk wbgi jfqcdkw. fkc 62 mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw"+ Mts m` sed smsfn 34 `flbnbdw zemefc addk `mqgdc sm `fws. 6: wfbc sedr efc jmkd 7 mq lmqd cfrw zbsemts `mmc. fkc 6: gmtnc

kms qdgfnn emz lfkr cfrw sedrc jmkd zbsemts `mmc+

Zedk zmqidqw mk wbgi fkc mxdk jfqcdkw zdqd fwidc sm cdwgqbad emz sedbq cbds zfwcb``dqdks ctqbkj sed ndfk wdfwmk %twtfnnr sed zbksdq xdqbmc zedk zfjdw fkc qfsbmkw zdqd

cdnfrdc mq fawdks9 sebw vtdwsbmk cmdw kms fxxnr sm gnmwdc jfqcdkw. `mq zebge fnn rdfqqmtkc bw f ndfk wdfwmk". lmws `flbnbdw gmtnc kms qdgfnn wxdgb`bgw. ats f wbjkb`bgfks

ktladq %44$ mk mxdk jfqcdkw fkc 74$ mk wbgi jfqcdkw" qdxmqsdc sfibkj ndww vtfksbsr m`sed wfld cbds+ Fccbsbmkfnnr. m` sed 618 `flbnbdw. :2 %mq 0:$" m``dqdc wmld wsmqr famts

emz sedr lfkfjdc sm wtqpbpd ctqbkj sed ndfk wdfwmk+ Sedwd qdwxmkwdw zdqd pdqr gmllmkbk sed vtdwsbmk qdjfqcbkj zedsedq mq kms sedrc jmkd f `tnn cfr zbsemts dfsbkj bk sed xfws

rdfq. ctqbkj zebge f nfqjd xmqsbmk m` kdjfsbpd qdwxmkwdw zdqd fgstfnnr Km. atsfkwzdqw+ Wtqpbpfn wsqfsdjbdw bkgntcbkj sed `mnnmzbkj? jfsedqdc `mmc `qml sed otkjnd.

wmnc adnmkjbkjw. amqqmzdc lmkdr mq `mmc gqdcbs. fkc `mtkc sdlxmqfqr mtswbcddlxnmrldks %gqtwebkj qmgiw. wdnnbkj `bqdzmmc. mq msedq"+

Flabjtmtw qdwxmkwdw bkpmnpbkj mkd mq lmqd m` sed fampd qdxnbdw zdqd gmllmk+ Mk mkd

mxdk jfqcdk. sed `flbnr qdxnbdc sefs. ctqbkj sed ndfk wdfwmk. Wmldsbldw zd fqd dfsbkj.wmldsbldw kms9 wmldsbldw zd fqd mknr dfsbkj mkgd f cfr9 wmldsbldw zd fqd dfsbkj ndfpdw

fkc qbgd. wmldsbldw mknr sdf+ Mkd wbgi jfqcdk `flbnr. zem efc wmnc sedbq tsdkwbnw fkc`flbnr gmz. wfbc. Kmz zd efpd kmsebkj sm wdnn. mknr mtq nfamq+ Mtswbcd zmqi bw kms sefs

dfwr sm `bkc. emzdpdq. zbse sed lmws gmllmk `mql. wsmkd gqtwebkj bk sed cqr qbpdq adcw.dfqkbkj 18 sm 38 qtxddw f cfr+

7+ Cqbkibkj Zfsdq

Qmtjenr efn` sed `flbnbdw wtqpdrdc %42" qdgdbpdc sedbq cqbkibkj zfsdq `qml f nfamq nbkdstad zdnn fkc sed msedq efn` %06" `qml wtxxnr zfsdq9 f ktladq m` qdwxmkcdksw mk gnmwdc

jfqcdkw qdxmqsdc bqqdjtnfq zfsdq wtxxnr. m`sdk fs nmkj cbwsfkgdw `qml emld %08$ m` semwdwtqpdrdc mk mkd gnmwdc jfqcdk wfbc sedr zfnidc `qml 1 sm 0 ibnmldsdqw qmtkc sqbx. fkc

04$ mk sed msedq gnmwdc jfqcdk efc sm zfni adszddk 6 fkc 6+4 ibnmldsdqw. zebnd 688$ m`mxdk fkc wbgi jfqcdk qdwxmkcdksw sqfpdndc mkd ibnmldsdq mq ndww. wmldsbldw km `fqsedq

sefk sedbq rfqc"+ 682 qdwxmkcdksw wfbc sedbq zfsdq wtxxnr zfw edfnser fkc wf`d. 68 wfbcbs zfw kms. fkc mkd cbcks ikmz+ Wtqxqbwbkjnr. fnn 68 kdjfsbpd qdwxmkwdw zdqd wxnbs dpdknr


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adszddk mxdk fkc gnmwdc jfqcdkw. zebnd fnn 38 `flbnbdw mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw qdwxmkcdcxmwbsbpdnr+ Wsbnn. zedk sedqd bw km zfsdq. wfbc wmld `flbnbdw. sedr fqd `mqgdc sm cqbki `qml

sed qbpdq. zebge gftwdc bnnkdww. mq sm sqfpdn sm f kdbjeamqbkj mxdk jfqcdkw stad zdnn+

G+ Bnnkdww Xfws fkc Xqdwdks

Sm jfbk fk mpdqpbdz m` sed wtqpdr xmxtnfsbmkw edfnse wsfstw. fkc sm cdsdqlbkd b`

bkcbpbctfnw lfr efpd xqmandlw fawmqabkj sed ktsqbdksw sedr dfs. `flbnbdw zdqd fwidc emzlfkr ldladqw zdqd %6" gtqqdksnr wt``dqbkj `qml cbfqqedf mq pmlbsbkj. %1" efpd wt``dqdc

`qml cbfqqedf mq pmlbsbkj bk sed xfws rdfq. fkc %7" zdqd msedqzbwd bnn mq cbwfandc fs sedsbld m` wtqpdr+ 73 gfwdw wfbc sedr fqd gtqqdksnr wt``dqbkj `qml cbfqqedf mq pmlbsbkj %5 bk

mxdk jfqcdkw. 2 bk wbgi jfqcdkw. 6: bk gnmwdc jfqcdkw". fkc 62: gfwdw m` cbfqqedf mqpmlbsbkj ctqbkj sed xfws rdfq? 75 %mq 16$" mk mxdk jfqcdkw. :3 %mq 70$" mk wbgi jfqcdkw.

fkc 54 %mq 72$" mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw+ Sedwd ktladqw wemz qfbwdc ndpdnw m` cbfqqedf fkcpmlbsbkj mk wbgi fkc gnmwdc jfqcdkw. gmkcbsbmkw zebge gmtnc qdctgd fk bkcbpbctfnw

fabnbsr sm fawmqa `mmc fkc ktsqbdksw. setw adjbkkbkj sed cmzkzfqc wxbqfn sefs dpdkstfnnrndfcw sm wsfqpfsbmk,qdnfsdc bnnkdww fkc cdfse+

@mq sed sebqc vtdwsbmk. 04 gtqqdksnr bnn-cbwfandc `flbnr ldladqw zdqd qdxmqsdc sm sed

wtqpdr sdfl. dpdknr wxqdfc flmkj sed jfqcdk srxdw %16 mk mxdk jfqcdkw. 62 mk wbgijfqcdkw. 14 mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw"+ Sed sdfl cbc kms fssdlxs sm cbfjkmwd mq sqdfs sedwd

bkcbpbctfnw+ Sedr cbc. emzdpdq. sqr sm `bkc mts zefs ibkc m` sqdfsldks zfw fpfbnfand fkczedqd `flbnbdw wmtjes wtge sqdfsldks+ Jfqcdk emwxbsfnw zdqd wmldsbldw wmtjes mk wbgi

fkc mxdk jfqcdkw. ats `flbnbdw zbse fkr ldfkw xqd`dqqdc sed Jmpdqkldks Emwxbsfn bkAbqxfqf. dpdk semtje sebw emwxbsfn qdjtnfqnr qd`dqqdc xfsbdksw mk sm `fqsedq. lmqd

duxdkwbpd emwxbsfnw zbsemts fkr sqdfsldks+ Emzdpdq. sed Abqxfqf Emwxbsfn zfw kms fkmxsbmk `mq lmws `flbnbdw mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw zem gmtnc kms f``mqc sqfkwxmqsfsbmk sm

Abqxfqf. nds fnmkd ldcbgfsbmkw+ Bk fccbsbmk. bs zfw `mtkc sefs zedqd jmpdqkldks xqmjqflwdubwsdc. wtge fw sed Lmabnd Ldcbgfn Pfk. xdmxnd mk sed jfqcdkw dbsedq cbc kms ikmz m` bsw

xqdwdkgd fkc-mq wgedctnd. mq efc km gmk`bcdkgd bk sed pfkw tksqfbkdc wsf`` sm ednx sedbqbnnkdwwdw. xqd`dqqbkj sm wddi mts ldcbgfn wemxw mq nmgfn gtqdw mk sed nfamq nbkdw+

C+ Cdfsew bk sed Nfws Seqdd Rdfqw %wbkgd `bqws gnmwtqd dpdksw"

Sed smsfn ktladq m` cdfsew zdqd fw `mnnmzw? 75 `flbnbdw qdxmqsdc f smsfn m` 30 cdfsew bksed nfws seqdd rdfqw? 66 mk mxdk jfqcdkw. 62 mk wbgi jfqcdkw. fkc 60 mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw+ M`

sedwd. 65 zdqd gebncqdk tkcdq 61 rdfqw mnc. fkc 15 zdqd fctnsw+ Cdsdqlbkbkj sefs cdfsezfw gftwdc ar wsfqpfsbmk mq lfnktsqbsbmk. fw mxxmwdc sm kfstqfn gftwdw. bw f cb``bgtns sfwi+

Zefs bw kfstqfn adgmldw tkgndfq fw tkcdqkmtqbweldks zmqiw bsw cmzkzfqc wxbqfn mksed edfnse m` f etlfk adbkj9 blltkbsr ndpdnw xntllds. ndfpbkj sed amcr ptnkdqfand sm fnn

ibkcw m` msedqzbwd wtqpbpfand bk`dgsbmkw. wtge fw ldfwndw mq lfnfqbf+ @mq dfge m` sed 30cdfsew dkgmtksdqdc ctqbkj sed wtqpdr. `flbnbdw zdqd fwidc afwbg vtdwsbmkw famts sed

cdgdfwdcw wrlxsmlw. sqdfsldks. fkc dpdksw ndfcbkj tx sed cdfse+ Qfsedq sefk fwgdqsfbksed dufgs ktladq m` wsfqpfsbmk cdfsew %f sfwi adrmkc sed wgmxd m` sebw wtqpdr". sed


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qdwdfqge sdfl qdgmqcdc xmwwband gfwdw m` lfnktsqbsbmk,qdnfsdc cdfsew mk dfge jfqcdk. f`dz m` zebge fqd xqdwdksdc adnmz fw gfwd wstcbdw+

Gfwd Wstcr Km+ 6

Q+ Afqfbi. 17. qdgdbpdc km xqd,kfsfn gfqd f`sdq adgmlbkj xqdjkfks bk 1887. kms nmkjf`sdq edq sdf jfqcdk. gnmwdc bsw cmmqw+ Ats. nfsd bk edq xqdjkfkgr. wed `dnn bnn. fkc lfcdsed sqbx sm sed Jmpdqkldks Emwxbsfn bk Abqxfqf+ Wed qdstqkdc emld zbse f cbfjkmwbw m`

stadqgtnmwbw+ Wmmk f`sdq. zbse sed ednx m` sed seqdd dncdqnr lbczbpdw `qml edq nfamqnbkd. Q+ jfpd abqse sm f wlfnn. dusqdldnr zdfi afar amr zem qdlfbkdc nbwsndww. afqdnr

fand sm `ddc+ Q+ cbdc f `dz zddiw f`sdq jbpbkj abqse. `mnnmzdc seqdd lmksew nfsdq aredq wmk+

Sed Afqfbi `flbnrw wsqtjjndw gmksbktd. szm rdfqw f`sdq Q+ fkc edq afarw cdfsew+Sedbq jfqcdk qdlfbkw gnmwdc+ Sed emtwdemnc m` wbu fctnsw fkc seqdd gebncqdk twtfnnr

lfkfjdw sm dfs seqdd sbldw cfr %qmsb. qbgd. xmsfsm. fkc sdf". ats wfr sedr efpd jmkdgmlxndsdnr zbsemts `mmc lmqd sefk seqdd sbldw ctqbkj sed nfws rdfq+

Ednx `qml sed jmpdqkldks bw cbwlfn. fs adws+ Sed szm Afqfbi wgemmn,fjd gebncqdk%Wbcefksm. :. fkc Wbcefk. 3" qdgdbpd lbccfr ldfnw szm mq seqdd sbldw xdq zddi+ Bs bw

kms dkmtje `mmc. sedr wfr. mknr f wxmmk`tn m` emcjd,xmcjd. m`sdk zbse qfkgbc mbn+Ldfkzebnd. sed jmpdqkldks,wtxxnbdc zfsdq xtlx cmzk sed anmgi bw kms xmsfand. wm.

nbid sed qdws m` sedbq kdbjeamqw. sed Afqfbiw sqfpdn sm sed kdbjeamqbkj sdf jfqcdk `mqcqbkibkj zfsdq. f qmtkc,sqbx m` 4 ibnmldsdqw+

Sed lmabnd ldcbgfn pfk. zebge fqqbpdw mk Lmkcfrw. xqmpbcdw dusqdldnr nblbsdcsqdfsldks fkc ldcbgbkd+ Sed Afqfbiw ndfqkdc sebw fnn smm zdnn zedk Atcefbk Afqfbi.

34. adjfk sm efpd bqqdjtnfq tqbkfsbmk. f gmkcbsbmk sefs vtbginr zmqwdkdc tksbn wedgmtnc kms qdnbdpd edqwdn` fs fnn+ Sed emwxbsfn bk Abqxfqf m``dqdc km cbfjkmwbw fkc km

sqdfsldks. mknr f qd`dqqfn sm sed Tkbpdqwbsr Emwxbsfn bk Wbnbjtqb+ Sebw zfw f sqbx sedrgmtnc kms f``mqc sm lfid. wm Afqfbi zfw aqmtjes afgi emld. zedqd wed nfrw ebccdk bk

sed emtwd. xfqfnrdc `qml sed zfbws cmzk fkc bk dusqdld xfbk. fkc lmws nbidnr.zfbsbkj sm cbd+

Gfwd Wstcr Km+ 1

Mk mkd mxdk jfqcdk. amse Gefqmf A+. 04. fkc Gefqmsmf A+. 54 %`qml cb``dqdks

emtwdemncw" wt``dqdc `qml stadqgtnmwbw `mq mkd rdfq ad`mqd adbkj fclbssdc sm AbqxfqfEmwxbsfn9 amse zdqd jbpdk ldcbgfsbmkw fkc wdks afgi sm sedbq emldw zedqd sedr cbdc

mkd lmkse nfsdq+ Bk sed emwxbsfn m` sebw wfld mxdk jfqcdk. f 61,rdfq,mnc jbqn kfldcGefkckb A+ nfr `mq dbjes cfrw. wt``dqbkj `qml `dpdq fkc fkdlbf. ad`mqd wed zfw

`bkfnnr qd`dqqdc ar sed cmgsmq sm Abqxfqf Emwxbsfn. zedqd wed cbdc wmmk f`sdq+

Gfwd Wstcr Km+ 7

Wtqfolmkb L+. famts 74 rdfqw mnc %wed zfwks wtqd m` edq fjd". bw fk tkdlxnmrdcxntgidq mk f gnmwdc jfqcdk+ Wed efc f cb``bgtns sbld qdgmtksbkj sed qdgdks cdfse m` edq

etwafkc+ Kms adgftwd wed zfw mpdqgmld ar jqbd`. ats adgftwd wed wblxnr cbc kmsikmz ltge famts bs+ Qmjd zfw edq fkwzdq fw sm emz ed efc cbdc. mkd sefs sed


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wtqpdr sdfl efc edfqc wdpdqfn sbldw ctqbkj sefs cfr+ Cbwdfwd+ Wtqfolmkb web`sdc edqgqrbkj szm,rdfq,mnc. Obabq. `qml mkd ebx sm sed msedq fw wed zfbsdc `mq sed kdus

vtdwsbmk+ Zebge cbwdfwd= Cbfqqedf. wed fkwzdqdc+ Ed wt``dqdc `mq `mtq zddiw fkcqd`twdc sm sfid sed ldcbgbkd wed efc masfbkdc `qml sed gmlxmtkcdq+ Wed cbc kms

ikmz zer ed qd`twdc bs+ Obabqw gqbdw bkgqdfwdc. wm wed cqfxdc f cbqsr ctxfssf mpdq ebw

edfc fkc jfpd ebl f aqdfws+

Gfwd Wstcr Km+ 3

Wtkbsf L+ zfw seqdd rdfqw mnc zedk wed cbdc bk 1887. wmmk f`sdq gnmwtqd mk mkd m` sed

szm gtqqdksnr wbgi jfqcdkw sefs zfw wtqpdrdc+ Wed zfw wsqbgidk zbse cbwdfwd. wfbcedq lmsedq. Jbsf+ Sedk edq amcr wzdnndc. sedk wed cbdc+ Sed `flbnr wsqtjjndc mk.

m`sdk gmnndgsbkj `dqkw fkc msedq bsdlw `qml sed kdfqar otkjnd+ Sedbq sqbad cmdw kmsetks. wed wfbc. wm sedr cbc kms wdfqge `mq fkblfnw sm dfs+ Ndww sefk mkd rdfq f`sdq

Wtkbsfw cdfse. Jbsfw rmtkjdws wmk Fimwe. wdpdk lmksew mnc. gfld cmzk zbse f gfwdm` cbfqqedf sefs zmtnc kms jm fzfr+ Wed `dc ebl amse aqdfws lbni fkc gmz lbni. ats

ed gmksbktdc sm wt``dq+ Sedqd zfw kmamcr bk sed jfqcdk emwxbsfn. wed wfbc. fkc sedrefc km lmkdr sm sqfpdn sm Abqxfqf mq atr ldcbgbkd+ Szm lmksew f`sdq ed `bqws adgfld

wbgi. Fimwe fnwm cbdc+Sed jfqcdk bw mxdk kmz. fkc Jbsf zmqiw dbjes emtqw f cfr fw f xntgidq+ Edq

etwafkc bw tkdlxnmrdc fkc edq szm wgemmn fjd gebncqdk. Stnweb fkc Fkjdnb. amseqdgdbpd lbc,cfr ldfnw fs wgemmn. `bpd cfrw f zddi+ Wed efw f wbu,lmkse,mnc amr.

Qfab. ats cbc kms qdgdbpd fkr BGCW qfsbmkw ctqbkj edq xqdjkfkgr. zedk sed jfqcdkzfw wsbnn gnmwdc+ Nbid lmws qdgdksnr cdnbpdqdc mq xqdjkfks zmldk wtqpdrdc. wed

qdgdbpdc km xqd,kfsfn gfqd9 mknr sfandsw fkc bkodgsbmkw mkd sbld+Mts m` szdksr `flbnbdw wtqpdrdc mk sed wfld wbgi jfqcdk. Fimwe fkc Wtkbsf zdqd

flmkj wbu qdxmqsdc cdfsew m` bk`fksw fkc gebncqdk tkcdq `mtq rdfqw m` fjd+ Wbaqfl L+zfw mkd rdfq mnc zedk ed cbdc m` cbfqqedf wmmk f`sdq gnmwtqd. wt``dqbkj `mq mkd lmkse

adgftwd sedqd zfw km ldcbgbkd bk sed jfqcdk emwxbsfn. km lmabnd ldcbgfn pfk. fkc kmlmkdr sm jm fkrzedqd dnwd+ Fkbwf L+ cbdc m` pmlbsbkj fkc cbfqqedf. fs sed fjd m`

szm9 wed zfw sfidk sm Abqxfqf emwxbsfn ats ar sedk bs zfw smm nfsd+ Sed gmlxmtkcdqgmtnc cm kmsebkj `mq Afar K+. zem adgfld wbgi fkc zmtncks wsmx gqrbkj fkc cbdc

64 cfrw f`sdq ebw abqse+ Afar L+ cdpdnmxdc f anmmc gmtje fs mkd lmkse. fkc xfwwdcfzfr sed kdus cfr+

Gfwd Wstcr Km+ 4

Wfkifq I+ bw 38 rdfqw mnc9 ebw oma mk sed qdgdksnr qdmxdkdc jfqcdk bw sm aqbkj zfsdq

mts sm sed zmqidqw bk sed `bdnc+ Bk ebw emtwdemnc m` 68 sedqd bw mkd msedq zfjd dfqkdq.75,rdfq,mnc Lfkb. zem bw f xntgidq+ Sed `flbnr nmws mkd ldladq ctqbkj sed seqdd,

rdfq gnmwtqd xdqbmc. Wfkifqw szm,rdfq,mnc jqfkccftjesdq. Xtlfl+ Fs sefs sbld.Wfkifq wfbc. sed `flbnr cbc kms efpd ltge `mmc ats zd zdqd lfkfjbkj9 zd zdqd

dfsbkj pdqr nbssnd+ Xtlfl. ed wfbc. efc cbfqqedf fkc pmlbsbkj `mq mkd cfr fkc sedkcbdc+


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D+ Lmsedq,Afar fkc Xqdjkfkgr

Qdwtnsw `qml sebw nbkd m` vtdwsbmkbkj zdqd bkgmkgntwbpd fw sm sed ktsqbsbmkfn wsfstw m` sdfjfqcdk `flbnbdw. fkc fqd lmws nbidnr gmkwbwsdks zbse msedq xmmq xmxtnfsbmkw seqmtjemtsBkcbf+ Sefs bw. lfkr lmsedqw wfgqb`bgd sedbq bksfid m` `mmc `mq sedbq `flbnrw wfid+ 36$ m`

kmk,xqdjkfks lmsedqw fkc 63$ m` xqdjkfks mq aqdfws`ddcbkj lmsedqw wfbc sedr smmi ndww`mmc sefk sed qdws m` sedbq `flbnbdw+ Xqd,kfsfn gfqd flmkj sed 37 xqdjkfks fkc

aqdfws`ddcbkj zmldk bksdqpbdzdc zfw pbqstfnnr kmk,dubwsdks+ Mknr : wfbc sedr efc pbwbsdcf xqbpfsd cmgsmq ctqbkj sedbq xqdjkfkgr. semtje sedr qfqdnr wmtjes f `mnnmz,tx pbwbs fkc

mknr qdgdbpdc wmld xbnnw fkc blltkbfsbmkw+ Bk `fgs. 71 zmldk %famts :4$" wfbc sedrefc qdgdbpdc sfandsw fkc bkodgsbmkw `qml dbsedq f cmgsmq. gmlxmtkcdq. mq lmabnd

ldcbgfn pfk9 wmldsbldw mknr mkgd. wmldsbldw tx sm seqdd sbldw+ Lmws efc km bcdf zefssedr zdqd jbpdk9 sed wtqpdr sdfl wtwxdgsw sedr zdqd bqmk sfandsw. pbsflbkw. fkc

xmnbm-sdsfktw bkodgsbmkw+ 13 mts m` sed 15 qdgdksnr cdnbpdqdc lmsedqw jfpd abqse bk sedbqemldw zbse nmgfn lbczbpdw %mq mnc nfcbdw fw sedr zdqd qd`dqqdc sm" xqdwdks+

Mk mxdk fkc wbgi jfqcdkw. pfqbmtw gfwdw zdqd qdxmqsdc bkpmnpbkj bkgmkwbwsdks mq dksbqdnr

fawdks adkd`bsw qdjfqcbkj xqdjkfks fkc aqdfws`ddcbkj zmldk+ Sedqd zdqd qdxmqsw m`cdgqdfwdc zfjdw. bkgmkwbwsdks fkc mggfwbmkfnnr km ndfpd sbld. km aqdfi mq aqdfws`ddcbkj

sbld xdqlbssdc. fkc km `qdd ldcbgbkd jbpdk+ Mk seqdd mts m` sed `mtq mxdk jfqcdkwwtqpdrdc. amse xmwbsbpd fkc kdjfsbpd qdxnbdw zdqd jbpdk qdjfqcbkj sedwd adkd`bsw+ Mk mknr

mkd mxdk jfqcdk zfw f xqmxdq gqged xqmpbcdc `mq gebncgfqd. zebnd sed msedq seqdd mknrjfpd qbxxdc fkc cbqsr xnfwsbg sfqxw. zebge zdqd bkfcdvtfsd fjfbkws sed lmkwmmk qfbkw+

@+ Jmpdqkldks Qdnbd` Xqmjqflw %BGCW fkc LCLW"

M` 47 zmldk wtqpdrdc zem wemtnc efpd addk dnbjband `mq Bksdjqfsdc Gebnc CdpdnmxldksWgedld %BGCW". mknr 65 qdxmqsdc qdgdbpbkj qfsbmkw. mts m` zebge mknr 4 wfbc sed

vtfksbsr zfw wt``bgbdks+ Fccbsbmkfnnr. 18 zmldk wfbc BGCW xqmjqfl zfw kms fpfbnfand.2 wfbc sedr cbcks ikmz famts bs fkc 4 wfbc bs zfw mknr m``dqdc wmldsbldw+ Wmldsbldw

qfsbmkw jbpdk zdqd lmtncr fkc qfkgbc+ Wblbnfqnr bkgmkwbwsdks qdwxmkwdw zdqd jbpdk argebncqdk dkqmnndc bk Lbccfr Ldfn Wgedld %LCLW" wgemmn xqmjqflw. zebge zdqd

m``dqdc mk amse wbgi jfqcdkw ats mknr bqqdjtnfqnr mk gnmwdc jfqcdkw. zedqd sedr fqdkddcdc lmws+ Mts m` 75 qdgbxbdksw m` LCLW ldfnw. 60 wfbc sedr zdqd kms jbpdk

wt``bgbdks vtfksbsr sm wfsbw`r sedbq etkjdq+

BP+ GMKGNTWBMKW

Lfnktsqbsbmk dubwsw mk fnn wbu jfqcdkw wtqpdrdc+ Dpdk zmqidqw mk mxdk jfqcdkw dkctqd

ndfk xdqbmcw ctd sm cdgqdfwdc mq cdnfrdc zfjd xfrldksw fkc `mmc qfsbmkw. fw zdnn fwbkgmkwbwsdksnr xqmpbcdc adkd`bsw sefs sedr fqd ctd ar nfz+ Afwdc mk Zmqnc Edfnse


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Mqjfkbfsbmk gqbsdqbf `mq Amcr Lfww Bkcdu. fnn `mtq mxdk jfqcdkw wtqpdrdc gfk ad nfadndcfw wsfqpbkj gmlltkbsbdw mq fs gqbsbgfn qbwi `mq lmqsfnbsr `qml wsfqpfsbmk+ Afwdc mk

cfbnr gfnmqbg bksfid. 31+4$ m` sed gnmwdc jfqcdk xmxtnfsbmkw gnfwwb`bdc fw Adnmz XmpdqsrNbkd %AXN". `mnnmzdc ar 38$ AXN bk wbgi jfqcdkw fkc 78$ AXN bk mxdk jfqcdkw+ Fnn wbu

jfqcdkw smjdsedq. fpdqfjdc 7:$ AXN. zebge bw ebjedq sefk sed kfsbmkfn fpdqfjd+

Bs bw dkgmtqfjbkj sefs xqdjkfks fkc aqdfws`ddcbkj lmsedqw fxxdfq sm efpd wmldikmzndcjd m` sed blxmqsfkgd m` sfibkj fccbsbmkfn ktsqbsbmk. ats bk jdkdqfn. lmqd xqd, fkc

xmws,kfsfn gfqd fkc dctgfsbmk bw kddcdc+ @dz m` sed jfqcdk emwxbsfnw efc cdnbpdqr`fgbnbsbdw. lfibkj sed xqmwxdgs m` gmlxnbgfsbmkw ctqbkj emld cdnbpdqr dusqdldnr

cfkjdqmtw+ B` nmgfn cmgsmqw mq emwxbsfnw %mq lmabnd ldcbgfn pfkw" fqd sm jbpd ldcw fkcblltkbfsbmk sm xqdjkfks zmldk. sedr wemtnc cm wm mk f lmqd gmkwbwsdks afwbw. fkc

wemtnc dctgfsd sedbq xfsbdksw. fs sed pdqr ndfws. famts zefs sedr fqd fclbkbwsdqbkj fkczer+

Ndjfnnr lfkcfsdc zmqidq adkd`bsw %dwxdgbfnnr `mq xqdjkfks fkc aqdfws`ddcbkj zmldk" fkc

jmpdqkldks qdnbd` xqmjqflw %BGCW fkc LCLW" fqd bqqdjtnfq. bkgmkwbwsdks. fkc bk wmldgfwdw. bkfcdvtfsd mq dksbqdnr fawdks+ Jfqcdk lfkfjdqw fkc jmpdqkldks fbc wtxxnbdqw fkc

kddc sm %6" blxqmpd sed vtfnbsr fkc d``bgbdkgr m` sedbq xqmjqflw fkc %1" dctgfsd sedzmqidqw fw sm sed dubwsdkgd m` wfbc xqmjqflw+ Sebw nfssdq xmbks bw dwwdksbfn fkc tqjdks+

Lfkr zmqidqw efpd km bcdf fw sm sed dubwsdkgd m` qdnbd` mq qfsbmk xqmjqflw fkc. zedksedr cm. efpd km ikmzndcjd fw sm xqmgdctqdw+ Sed wfld bw m`sdk sqtd qdjfqcbkj zmqidqw

ikmzndcjd m` sedbq qbjesw tkcdq dubwsbkj nfamtq nfzw+

b Gqbsdqbf `qml ZEM duxdqs gmllbssdd qdxmqs mk Fkseqmxmldsqr. ZEM SQW 543. 6224+

Nutritional Survey of Tea Garden Workers

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