Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Feed Costs

Rommel C. Sulabo and Hans H. Stein Univ. of Illinois

http://nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu

H. H. Stein

Importance of F/G• For each 0.10 lb improvement in F/G,

profit increases by $3.0 per marketed pig• A 10% improvement in F/G corresponds to

an improvement of 0.30 lb ($9.0/pig)

Tip 1: Tip 1: Start with what you can control Start with what you can control • Reduce feed wastage

Check all feeders, delivery systems, feed binsAdjust feeders routinelyImprove pellet quality

Poor feeder adjustment

H. H. Stein

Item Diet form: Meal Pellet Diff.

Daily gain, lb 1.83 1.98 8.2%

Daily feed intake, lb 6.64 6.84 3.1%

FCR 3.65 3.45 5.8%

Wondra et al., 1992

Effect of pelleting

Target: < 20% fines at the feeder

Tip 2: Tip 2: Check the particle size of your feedCheck the particle size of your feed

Effect of Particle SizeEffect of Particle Size

< 700 86.1 82.9 85.8 1.74

700-1000 84.9 80.5 84.4 1.84

> 1000 83.7 79.1 82.6 1.92

Particle Size Digestibility

Microns DM CP Energy F/G

KSU, 1985

Target: 600-800 microns

Tip 3: Tip 3: Maximize the use of DDGS Maximize the use of DDGS

in your diets in your diets

DDGS Value, GF diets Corn ($/Bu):

SBM ($/ton):

3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

250 162

(152)

182

(180)

203

(207)

223

(234)

239

(260)

300 182

(161)

204

(189)

224

(216)

245

(244)

260

(270)

350 205

(171)

225

(199)

245

(226)

266

(253)

281

(279)

400 217

(178)

240

(206)

263

(234)

283

(261)

303

(289)

Diet costs with 0 to 50% DDGS

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

0 10 20 30 40 50

% DDGS

$/Ton

$7 to 9 per ton for every 10% of DDGS included in the diet

Inclusion Rates of DDGS

Item Recommend Maximum

Gestation 50 50

Lactation 30 40

Nursery, 1+2 0 20

Nursery, 3+4 30 30

Grow-Finish 30 45

Late Finish 20 30

Tip 4: Tip 4: Reduce or eliminate Reduce or eliminate

inorganic phosphorusinorganic phosphorus

H. H. Stein

Effect of Phytase

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Corn SBM DDGS

No Phytase

500 Phytase

STTD, %

Almeida and Stein, 2010

*P < 0.05

**

Phytase dietsDiet 1 2 3 4

Phytase 0 500 0 500

Corn 61.76 62.075 47.89 48.145

SBM 32.00 32.00 26.00 26.00

DDGS - - 20.00 20.00

DCP 1.15 0.35 0.65 -

Others To 100% To 100% To 100% To 100%

15

Total P 0.59 0.44 0.58 0.48

STTD P 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32

Almeida and Stein, 2010

Effects on PerformanceDiet 1 2 3 4 P <

DDGSP <

phytase

Phytase 0 500 0 500 - -

Initial BW, kg 11.1 11.2 11.1 11.2 0.23 0.13

ADG, g 507 483 511 515 0.07 0.30

ADFI, g 772 789 811 806 0.06 0.66

G:F 661 614 634 640 0.95 0.05

Final BW, kg 21.8 21.3 21.9 22.0 0.08 0.33

16

P retention 2.05 2.07 2.35 2.33 0.03 0.99

P excretion 1.68 0.82 1.43 0.82 0.01 0.01

Almeida and Stein, 2010

Tip 5: Tip 5: Look for alternative feed ingredientsLook for alternative feed ingredients• Consider other small grains

WheatSorghumBarleyOats

107% or lower96% or lower85% or lower80% or lower

Tip 5: Tip 5: Look for alternative feed ingredientsLook for alternative feed ingredients• Consider other co-products

Wheat middlingsHominy feedBakery by-products

• Fish meal replacementsFermented soybean mealEnzyme-treated SBMIntestinal peptide productsCrystalline amino acids

Tip 5: Tip 5: Look for alternative feed ingredientsLook for alternative feed ingredients

Tip 7: Tip 7: Review your feed additivesReview your feed additives

• Calculate economic return• (New Diet $ - Old Diet $) x 100 = % improvement Old Diet $ in F/G needed

to pay for itself• Consider other benefits – gain– carcass quality– death loss

ChecklistChecklistStart with what you can controlCheck the particle size of your feedMaximize the use of DDGS in your dietsReduce or eliminate inorganic phosphorusReduce or eliminate inorganic phosphorusLook for alternative ingredientsLook for alternative ingredientsUse fish meal replacementsUse fish meal replacementsReview your feed additivesReview your feed additives

H. H. Stein

Thank you for your attention

http://nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu