Environmental & Nutritional Diseases Ashley Inman 11-10-2014.
Nutritional Diseases - Extension Veterinary Medicine...
Transcript of Nutritional Diseases - Extension Veterinary Medicine...
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Nutritional Diseases
4-H Veterinary ScienceExtension Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M Systemhttp://aevm.tamu.edu
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Objectives Discuss the importance of water in the animal diet Discuss the need for energy in the animal diet Discuss the importance of minerals in animal diets Discuss the importance of vitamins in animal diets Describe the signs of protein deficiency Describe the signs of a phosphorus deficiency Describe the signs and causes of grass tetany Describe the signs and causes of milk fever Describe the signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies Give examples of nutritional diseases in cats, cattle and horses Discuss conditions that create increased nutritional needs
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Nutrition is important Health maintenance Energy
Affects all animals
If improper nutrition Recognize changes
Appearance Behavior
Identify cause Correct problem
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Diet The usual food and drink of a person or animal
Nutrient A source of nourishment
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Diets are comprised of nutrients Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Vitamins Water
Depends on Animal Activity
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Add Additional Nutrients
Cold weather Parasite infestations Reduced appetite
Chronic disease Pregnancy or milk production
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Undernourished animals Improperly fed
Symptoms Changes in body weight
Low Thin appearance
Hair coat Dull and rough
Activity Weak and depressed
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Requirements for Proper Nutrition
Water Energy Minerals Vitamins
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Water
Essential 60% makeup Continually lost Constantly replenish Maintain homeostasis
60% balance
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Water requirements Digestive process
Ruminants Physiological development
Milk production Diet
Supplements
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Problems Dehydration
Excessive loss of water from the body or from an organ or body part, as from illness or fluid deprivation
Due to Diarrhea Kidney diseases Sick
Refusal to drink
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Solution Re-hydration
IV fluids Stomach tube
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Energy
Function Growth Body movement
Found in Proteins Carbohydrates Fats
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How supplies Metabolic breakdown of diet Fat deposits
Normal conditions Roughage (producers)
Good quality
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Working animals Supplement
Protein Careful with overfeeding protein to pregnant
animals
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Minerals
Definition Any of the inorganic elements, as calcium,
iron, magnesium, potassium, or sodium, that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods
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Some minerals Calcium
Bone structure Cell performance
Muscle contraction Blood clotting
Phosphorus Organ structure Nutrient transport Energy utilization
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Iron Necessary for the transport of oxygen (via hemoglobin
in red blood cells) and for oxidation by cells (via cytochrome)
Anemia
Copper
Magnesium Muscle cramps Constipation
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Potassium Critical for the normal functioning of the
muscles, heart, and nerves Controlling activity
Smooth muscle (digestive tract) Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Transmission of electrical signals throughout the
nervous system
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Normal conditions Good pastures
Fertilized
Problems Drought Non-fertilized fields
Correct Supplements
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Dogs and cats Commercial foods balanced All meat diets
Need supplementation
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Vitamins
Function Proper cell function
Source Body produces Supplements
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Found in roughage Vitamins A,D and E
Produced by Ruminants
Vitamins B C K
Skin – sunlight exposure Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency (rickets)
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Examples of Nutritional Diseases and Disorders Protein Deficiency
Without enough protein Problem
Underweight Weak
Symptoms Swelling under
Throat Brisket area Underline
Fluid balance is upset
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Phosphorus Deficiency Good pastures and feeds ok Problems with unfertilized pastures Symptoms
Unthrifty Lame Stiff Pica
Compulsive eating of non-nutritive substances
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Grass tetany Aka Grass Staggers Magnesium deficiency
Problem Grazing lush grass Low Mg, High K, N
Interferes with absorption in digestive tract
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Symptoms Excitability Inability to stand Stiff muscle convulsions Death
Treatment Mg injection
Prevention Have supplements available
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Milk Fever Low blood calcium Hypocalcemia
Symptoms Loss of appetite Depression Muscle tremors Grinding teeth Muscular paralysis
Lies on sternum Head to side
Possible death
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Treatment Calcium injection
Also occurs in dogs and horses Trembling Panting Nervousness Convulsions Death
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Vitamin A deficiency Source
Commercial feeds Green pasture Good hay
Problems Skin and eye problems Abortions Retained placentas Weak newborns Night blindness
Correction Supplement Good quality hay
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Secondary Hyperparathyroidism High phosphorus, low calcium diets
Affects Livestock on high-bran diets
No supplements or hay Pets
All meat diets No supplements
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Symptoms Horses
Bones thicken Head Face
Pets Bones
Weak Flexible
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Taurine deficiency Cats Amino acid Symptoms
Eye problems Blindness
Weakening heart muscle
Problem Cats eating dog food
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Bloat in Cattle Rumen produces gases
Cattle eructate (belch)
Types Frothy bloat Free-gas bloat
Problem Can’t belch
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Treatment Passing tube Abdominal wall puncture Drugs
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Colic in Horses Intestinal problem
Occurs when Change in diet Intestinal disease Lodged material
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Symptoms Obvious pain Rolling Kicking Profuse sweating
Treatment Laxatives Walking Surgery
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Founder (laminitis) Problem
Improper feeding Overfeeding of grain
Bacterial toxins Affects hoof wall
Causes Hoof
Inflammation Pain Lameness
Depression Loss of appetite Slow, painful walk
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Treatment Horses
Laxatives Cattle
Flush feed from rumen Large stomach tube Surgery