NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE

18 MARCH 2015

Infants (0-1 year)Factors affecting type and method of feedingrapid growth rategreater than at any other time of life so need lots of nutrients to meet demands of growthmuscle controllack of muscle control means spoon feeding requiredkidney functiontoo much protein and mineral intake from (cow’s) milk-taxes kidney

Infants (0-1 year)Factors affecting type and method of feeding continueddigestive organs-small stomach and rapid peristalsis give rise to small, frequent feedings

digestive function-decreased quantity and quality of pancreatic amylase, lipase and bile limits digestion and absorption –diet must reflect this fact-these limitations are overcome by 4-6 months of age

Infants (0-1 year)Factors affecting type and method of feeding continuedimmune system

susceptibility to food allergies decreases between 4 and 6 months as immune system matures-therefore between 4 and 6 months less chance of any given food allergy

developing

eruption of teethas ability to chew increases so do the food options  

 

  

  Infants (0-1 year)

Infant formula vs breast feeding molecules in breastmilk

Antibodies of secretory IgA class bind to microbes in baby’s digestive tract and thereby prevent them from passing through walls of the gut into body’s tissues.

Infants (0-1 year)Infant formula vs breast feeding

Molecules in breastmilk

Bifidus factor-promotes growth of Lactobacillus bifidus,

a harmless bacterium, in baby’s gut. -growth of such nonpathogenic bacteria

helps to crowd out dangerous bacteria-consequently infant is healthier

Infants (0-1 year)

Infant formula vs breast feeding

Molecules in Breastmilk continued

Hormones and growth factors stimulate baby’s digestive tract to mature more quickly. Once the initially “leaky” membranes lining the gut mature, infants become less vulnerable to microorganisms.

Infants (0-1 year)

Infant formula vs breast feeding molecules in breastmilk continued

Oligosaccharides in mothers milk-bind to microorganisms and bar them from attaching to mucosal surfaces.

Omega 3s in formula and mother’s milk-promote cognitive ability and visual acuity

Children(1-11 years)

Factors affecting food intake

erratic growth-larger food consumption associated with growth spurts

greater mobility and coordination-self feeding (autonomy) autonomy increases- child begins to eat what s/he wants 

Children(1-11 years)

Factors affecting food intake continued

muscle mass and bone density increase-increased need for calcium,

phosphorous and protein

eating habits/attitudes -parents/advertisers instill eating habits

and attitudes in child  

 

 

Children(1-11 years)

-decreasing protein, vitamins A,C D, iron, zinc and calcium/kg body weight compared to infants -but need more total of each of these nutrients compared to infants

Adolescents(12-18 years)

Factors affecting nutritional requirements rapid period of growth, emotional, social and sexual maturation and therefore increased need for total calories, protein, calcium, iron and zinc relative to younger ages

menstruation increases need for iron 

Adolescents(12-18 years) continuedFat deposition in preparation for child bearing - fat requires less energy for maintenance than muscle- females have lower caloric requirement

Lean body tissue and bones in males -males require greater number of calories and

need same amount of iron compared to females due to muscle and blood volume increases in males 

ADULTS (19-50)

focus on maintenance and disease prevention 

 SENIORS(51-?)

focus on maintenance and disease prevention

 

Adults changing nutritional requirements