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Transcript of nutrition spm
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NUTRTION
NUTRITION
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-INTRODUCTION-
The diagram show the
instrument bombcalorimeter that is used to
determine the calorific value
of a food
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What is Nutrition?
- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms
- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food iscalorie (k)
- The calorific value of food is the total energy released fromfood when it is oxidi!ed completely in body
The table shows that the food have different calorific
value
Class of food Calorific value (kJ)
Carbohydrates 17.2
Proteins 22.2
Fats 3.!
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VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE
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CLASSES OF FOOD
C$ 4F F44%
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CARBOHYDRATES
- "arbohydrates is the main source of energy
- #xamples that food that rich in carbohydrates
is$%
&' ice
' *eef Food that have ma+or calories in carbohydrates' *read
Carbohydrates shown
right contains starchthat needs to :ee;s on
control in inta:e
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FATS
- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs
- Food that rich in fats$%
(a) "hocalate
(b)-i!!a
(c)"heese
These food cannot
ta:e e
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VITAMINSMINERALS
- .itamins helps a person to maintain our health
- Food rich in vitamins
(a).itamin A /"arrots
(b).itamin *%Tablets,
tempe
(c).itamin "%mostly vegetables and fruits
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!ROTEIN
- -roteinbuilds new cells for growth and replace damage cells
- #xamples food rich on protein
(a) Fish
(b) 0rain
(c) Assorted beans
Protein ma:es a
;erson to grow in
height.
FUN FACTS
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-WATER-
- 1ater is a medium that is needed in thebody for chemicalreactions in our body'
9e should ta:e glassesof water a day
FUN FACTS
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-FIBRE-
- Fibre helps the movement of food through digestive tract (toavoid constipation)
%Food that rich on roughage$%
(a)Fruits
(b).egetables (c)Nuts
(e)*arly
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
RE"UIREMENT
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS
CALORIES RE"UIREMENT#-
- 2nfants, children and teenagers need more calories than theold people
- This is because they are still growingand needs more energyto undergo the process
- 3ld people need less energy 4 because they are less active
AGE
>ess>
)old
;eo;le,>ore>
)teenagers,
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
RE"UIREMENT
SEX
0enerally, males need more calories than femalebecause$%
(a) 5ale are more active than females(b) 5ales have large body si!e than females
BODY S!E
% An individual withbig body si!e need more caloriesthan smaller si!ed individual because$%(a) There are no weight to support(b) There are more cell to feed
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
RE"UIREMENT
"#YSCA$ ACT%TES
- ;hysically active wor:er such as farmer or a laborer
re?uires more calories than an office wor:er.-
This is because a lot of energy is used u; for muscularcontraction
CONDTON OF #EA$T#
- A healthy person generally re6uires more caloriesthan one who is sick'
- This is because is sick person is generally less activeor be bedridden
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
RE"UIREMENT
SU&&OUNDNG TE'"E&ATU&E
> ;erson who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories
than ones who is in a warm ;lace- This is because in a cold surroundings@ more energy is lost
from our body to the surroundingsA therefore more calories will
be needed to maintain a constant body tem;erature
(eed more)cold
surroundings,
(eed less
)warm
surroundings,
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HEALTH !ROBLEMS RELATED TO NUTRITION
- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients incorrect 6uantity
- 7ietition are people who are trained to give people adviceabout what they eat or drink to be healthy
- 2mproper nutrition can lead to health problemssuch as$%
'A$NUT&TON OBESTY
ANO&EXA
NE&%OSA
C$C ANY OF T#E TO"C TO %E
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MALNUTRITION
% A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet containsinsufficient or an excess amountof certain nutrients
- 5alnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, listof problem will be shown on the next slide'
&igh blood
;ressure %iabetes
curvy
'washior:or
0out"ic:ets
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MALNUTRITIONDisease*+eal,+
disorderCause S-./,o.s Ca0 1e /reve0,
2i,+34
&igh blood ;ressure >emostly withoutsym;toms
>eeat less foodcontain fat
%iabetes >e;resence of sugaron urine
>eat less sweet food
curvy >lac: of vitamin c >bleeding gums >eat more fruits andvegetables
'washior:or >lac: of ;rotein >diarrhoea>accumulation fluid
Consume moreseafoodBs
"ic:ets >lac: of vitamin d >soft bones> -ow leggedness
>%rin: more mil:>$e;ain in oints>dis;osition uric acid
>"educe ta:ing;rotein foods
(ight blindness >lac: of vitamin >;oor vision in dimlight
>eat liver@egg@carrotsmore often
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OBESITY
- A person is said to be overeatingwhen he takes in morethan what his body needs
- The extra calorieswill be stored in the form of fats under theskin and around organs
- This can lead to obesity' T &4/%
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-ANORE$IA-
- Anorexia is a psychological illness
- Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining weightand starving oneself to become thin and underweight'
- 2t occurs more often in adolescent females than males
-
2t can develops slimmingwhich makes a person dislikeeating or refusing to eat
- As a result, they suffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight
>%eath can occur due toe #t usually needs
counseling to treat it.
FUN FACTS
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DISEASES RESULTIN% FROM UNHEALTHY EATIN%
HABITS
- 8n healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases
- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habitsand their conse6uences
U0+eal,+- ea,i05 +a1i, Co0se6ue0ces
-Eating too much meat food which
are rich in saturated fats andcholesterol
-narrowing of arteries due to deposit
of cholesterol
Overeating, especially overconsumption of carbohydrates and
fats
- Diabetes
-Eating too much snacks and junkfood, especially which high in salt
-High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Irregular meal times or skipping
meal to often
- astric ulcers
-Eating too fat and swallowing food
without proper chewing- Indigestion
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%OOD NUTRITION AND %OOD EATIN%
HABITS
- 5any health problems and diseases are related to impropernutrition and bad eating habits
- 1e should take good nutrition and practice good eatinghabits
- 1e should take balanced diet
- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the rightamount, in accordance with the needs of our body
- 2t should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables,moderate amount of protein%rich food, and as little fats andsugar as possible'
- 8sing a food pyramidwill help abalanced diet in daily life
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-FOOD !YRAMID-
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