Nutrition for Growth and Development
Transcript of Nutrition for Growth and Development
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Nutrition for
Growth &Developmentadapted by
dr. Dwita Aryadina R.
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
What is growth? What is
development?
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• Growth is defined as the increase inthe size of an individua due to
increase in nu!"er and size of theces#
• Pertu!"uhan adaah "erta!"ah
$u!ah dan "esarn%a se diseuruh"a&ian tu"uh %an& secara 'uantitatifda(at diu'ur) Mis * ++) P+#
GROWTH
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• Deveo(!ent is the !aturation offunction and ac,uisition of variet% of
s'is for functionin& o(ti!a% in asociet%#
• Per'e!"an&an adaah "erta!"ah
se!(urnan%a fun&si aat tu"uh %an&da(at dica(ai !eaui tu!"uh'e!atan&an dan "ea$ar# - Whae%dan Won&) .///0#
DEVELOPMENT
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
• Growth dan Deveo(!ent $aan "ersa!a1sa!a ) tida' da(at di(isah'an %an& satuden&an %an& ain#
• G 2 D adaah ciri 'has dari ana' di!uaidari 'onse(si dan "er&s terus se(an$an&!asa ana' dan 'eca(atann%a tida' seau
sa!a (ada tia( !asa#• G dian&&a( se"a&ai (ena!"ahan u'uran
-Ph%sica Maturation 0
• D dian&&a( se"a&ai (ena!"ahan
fun&si3'e!atan&an -4unctiona
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
• Growth is an order% (rocess)occurrin& in s%ste!atic fashion#
• Rates and (atterns of &rowth ares(ecific to certain (arts of the "od%#
• Wide individua differences e5ist in
&rowth rates#• Growth and deveo(!ent are
infuenced "% !uti(e factors#
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6ta&es of Growth andDeveo(!ent
School age
6 to 12 years
Adolescent
13 years to
approximately 18
years
Infancy
Neonate
Birth to 1 monthInfancy
1 month to 1 year
Childhood
Toddler 13 years
!reschool
36 years
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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent
• 7NTERNAL 4A8TOR
9# Genetics27ntrauterine &rowth• Gen "ertan&&un& $awa" daa!
(ewarisan sifat 'eturunan#• Gen $u&a "er(eran se"a&ai
(e!"awa 'ode untu'(e!"entu'an (rotein) enzi! danhor!on %an& !e!(en&aruhi)!en&atur dan !en&endai'an
(ertu!"uhan#
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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent
• 7nfor!asi &eneti' %an& te(at (eruditeri!a oeh setia( se (ada saat(e!"eahan se) a&ar setia( or&an
da(at tu!"uh den&an te(at#• 7ntrauterine &rowth retardation and
!aterna infection adverse% affect
the fetus and there"% new"orn
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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent
.# Hor!ones
Growth Hor!one in the (ituitar%
&and affects &rowth#::GH* Gi&antis!e
;;GH*
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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent
– E5tre!e e!otiona de(rivationinterferes•
With reease of GH – 8an ead to psychosocial dwarfism
• Ver% short stature• decreased GH secretion•
7!!ature "one &rowth• 6erious ad$ust!ent (ro"e!s
– 7s reversi"e
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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent
># 6ee(
• GH is reeased durin& see(
• We1rested chid "etter a"e to (a%)earn – Dee( see( ? (h%sica &rowth 2 re(air
•
.1= %r ods need 9. @ 9= hrs see(• >1 %r ods need 9/ 1 99 hrs see(
• Bsua% sto( na((in& "etween a&e = 2 >
%r
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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent
• ECTERNAL 4A8TOR
9# Nutrition
.# 6ocio1Econo!%
=# Environ!ent* (h%sicasurroundin&) (s%choo&ica)
socia) cutura factor
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Is
Nutrition
Important
?
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Nutrition (Gizi)
• Kecukupan gizi sangat berpengaruhpada G&D
• Makanan yang cukup dan giziseimbang harus selalu diberikan
• Gangguan gizi pada anak seringmempengaruhi pertumbuhan tubuhdan perkembangan otak anak
• Selain itu gangguan gizi !uga
mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan danmeningkatkan risiko infeksi
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Nutrition (Gizi)
• Nutrien atau zat !a'anan di(eru'an se"a&ai
su!"er ener&i dan su!"er !ateri untu'
sintesis "er"a&ai 'o!(onen se %an&
di(eru'an sea!a (ertu!"uhan#• Nutrien di"eda'an !en$adi dua %aitu
9# !a'ronutrien -unsur %an& di"utuh'andaa! $u!ah "an%a'0
.# !i'ronutrien -unsur %an& di"utuh'an daa! $u!ah sedi'it0#
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Nutrition (Gizi)
• Gizi seimbang untuk anakberbeda"beda tergantung dari #
$enis kelamin
%siaerat badan
'ktivitas fisik dan
(ertumbuhan anak
Kondisi kesehatan
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7nfant Nutrition
• 7nfant &rows faster durin& the first%ear of ife than an% ti!e ese
• 7nfant wei&ht dou"es "% > !onthsand tri(es "% 9 %ear
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Nutrition durin& 8hidhood
• Each %ear fro! a&e 9 to adoescence-re!a$a0) a chid wi &row around to c! taer and .1='& heavier
• 8hidrenFs a((etites "e&in to di!inisharound 9 %ear – Durin& &rowth (eriods) the% wi eat
ever%thin& – Durin& sower (eriods) the% see! to eat
nothin& -see how to introduce food0
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Nutrition durin& 8hidhood
• 9 %ear od chid needs 9///caories3hari
• = %ear od chid needs 9=//caories3hari
• 9/ %ear od @ needs .///caories3hari
• Vita!ins and Mineras areaccu!uated and stored foradoescent &rowth s(urt
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Nutrition durin&Adoescence
• 4e!ae adoescence "e&ins around9/ or 99 %ears od
• Mae adoescence "e&ins around 9.or 9= %ears od
• Bsua%) !aes &row ./c! taer
• 4e!aes &row a"out 9c! taer
• When (u"ert% "e&ins) &rowth chartscannot "e used
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Umur 0 – 6 Bulan
• A67 E
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UU! " BU#$N – % &$'UN
• MBLA7 D7+ER7
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Umur % tahun• MA
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Nutrients
•
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$!B*'I+!$&• Diperlukan oleh anak yang sedang tumbuh dan
berkembang serta untuk anak sebagai sumber energi
• erasal dari # makanan pokok )beras roti gandum serealterigu umbi"umbian !agung*
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,i-a e-urangan ar.ohidrat
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/!*&IN
• +a%i !e!"utuh'an (rotein daa! $u!ah reatiftin&&i#
• Pentin& untu'*Pertu!"uhan ota'
Pertu!"uhan dan (en&&antian seuruh se dan $arin&an tu"uhMe!"entu' 'e'e"aan tu"uh)
• +erasa dari PROTE7N NA+AT7 dan PROTE7N HEWAN7• 8ontohn%a*
Protein na"ati * Te!(e) tahu) 'acan&1'acan&anProtein hewani* i'an) teur) a%a!) da&in&) susu)'e$u)
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1UB! /!*&IN N$B$&I
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1UB! /!*&IN 'W$NI
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Edema pada kwasiokor
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#$
Me!"uat !a'anan terasa ena') &urih dan (uas
1 Aat (earut vita!in tertentu -A)D)E dan
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$I!
Air san&at (entin& "a&i 'ehidu(an 'arena
air !eru(a'an "ahan (earut di daa!
tu"uh#
Air !e!(en&aruhi 'adar enzi! dan
su"strat sehin&&a secara tida' an&sun&
air !e!(en&aruhi a$u rea'si
!eta"ois!e#
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2I&$IN
• at Or&ani'
• Di(eru'an sedi'it
•
Ta' da(at di"uat se tu"uh• Harus ada daa! !a'anan
• PENT7NG untu' (roses1(roses
daa! tu"uh -!eta"ois!e0
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IN!$#
• 4un&si !inera *
Minera !e!(un%ai dua fun&siuta!a %aitu *
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$$N$N 1UB! 2I&$IN+$N IN!$#
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Good nutrition for GoodGrowth 2 Deveo(!ent
Assi&n!ent
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Assi&n!ent
Reco!!ended Dai% Aowance
• A* Protein• +* Le!a'
• 8*