Nutrition for Exercise and SportMultiple Choice Exam

1. Which of the following statements regarding basal metabolic rate (BMR) is NOT correct?a) It is the most variable component of total energy expenditure b) If two people are of the same age, gender, body weight and body fat percentage,

differences in their BMR can be explained by genetics c) Increasing the amount of lean muscle mass a person has will increase their BMR d) Males tend to have a higher BMR than females due to their greater body mass

2. Which of the Dietary Guidelines for Australians listed below are in conflict with athlete guidelines? 1. Drink plenty of water 2. Choose low-salt foods and use salt sparingly3. Include reduced-fat (where possible) dairy products (milks, yoghurts and cheeses)4. Eat only a moderate amount of sugars and foods containing added sugars.

a) 1, 2 and 4b) 2 and 4c) 4 only d) 1 and 3

3. In which of the following situations would a liquid meal NOT be appropriate?a) As half time fluids for a football playerb) For a triathlete who gets too nervous to eat before competitionsc) As a recovery snack shortly after exercise when an athlete doesn’t feel like eating solid

foodsd) For a rower with high energy requirements as a snack during on water training session

4. Hyponatraemia, although rare, is most likely to occur in which type of athlete?a) An elite marathon runner with a well-defined hydration planb) A jockey who may have employed dehydrating techniques prior to racingc) A football player consuming copious amounts of sports drinks during a game on a hot dayd) A slow moving athlete who is drinking excessive amounts of water

5. Which of the following athletes is likely to have the HIGHEST daily protein requirement, estimated in grams per kg of body mass?a) An experienced resistance training athleteb) A female elite gymnastc) A resistance training athlete who is starting a new programd) A recreational endurance athlete who trains 5 times a week for 45 mins each session

6. An athlete has come to you for advice, as he has been experiencing some stomach cramping during intense training sessions. What type of athlete is he most likely to be? a) A marathon runnerb) A short distance swimmerc) A rugby playerd) A gymnast

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7. What is the LEAST important factor to consider when making the principles of the training diet sport specific?a) Age and experience levelb) Quantity of trainingc) Type of competition d) The athlete’s current weight

8. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate regarding perspiration and dehydration?a) An athlete with moderate to severe dehydration will absorb less fluid so pre-exercise fluid

is very importantb) The fitter you are, the more you sweat, hence it is important to focus on fluid needs to

avoid dehydrationc) Dehydration is only a major concern in professional and elite athletes, and these are the

people we should be focusing our advice ond) An individual’s sweat loss can be influenced by their genetics

9. Monitoring total energy expenditure in athletes is important because:a) It helps determine how much energy (kilojoules) they burnb) It is useful when planning an appropriate weight loss program c) Results can be used for modifying training programs d) All of the above

10. A soccer player comes to you regarding a pre-exercise feeding routine. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?a) There is evidence to support the intake of both protein and carbohydrate prior to training

to benefit the athlete b) The goals of the training session and training phase will influence the food choices madec) Consuming a combination of fats and protein before exercise stimulates the release of

insulind) Pre-exercise food can impact upon the fuel balance during the session

11. Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of unsaturated fats? a) Full fat cheddar cheeseb) Peanut butterc) Oily fishd) Avocados

12. A marathon runner weighs 60kg before she begins a race in very hot weather. When you weigh her after the race, you see she has lost 6kg. What is her calculated percentage (%) dehydration? (note this is a theoretical situation)a) 5%b) 10%c) 1%d) 3%

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13. Which of the following statements is LEAST useful when considering eating for sport as opposed to eating for health? a) When an athlete is trying to increase their weight, they may need to include more healthy

fats and sugar in their diet to increase the energy density b) The fibre content of meals should be altered to meet an athlete’s individual competition

needsc) Athletes will generally have higher energy and nutrient requirements hence they will need

an increased volume of food d) Athletes should be enjoying a wide variety of nutritious foods every day

14. Ensuring the body has adequate fuel supplies is crucial for maximising performance. Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrate intake during exercise is LEAST accurate?a) Fatigue can still occur in athletes even when substantial stores of carbohydrate remainb) Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen within the liver and the musclesc) A rate of 30-60g per hour of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise holds true for all

athletesd) The amount of carbohydrate needed depends on the athlete’s body size and exercise load

15. When helping athletes to ‘bulk up’, which of the following variables are we able to change?a) Training history and training programb) Diet and training programc) Genetics and diet d) Training program and genetics

16. Which of the following statements regarding sports foods is NOT correct?a) It is important to educate the athlete on the timing and use of sports foodsb) Liquid meal supplements, sports drinks and sports gels are all examples of sports foodsc) Sports drinks are likely to promote better fluid intakes than water alone due to their

sodium contentd) Sports bars are a less concentrated form of carbohydrates than sports drinks

17. Which of the following strategies would you NOT recommend to an athlete to help improve their hydration?a) Encourage them to have fluids with mealsb) To consume fluids during competition only when they are feeling thirsty to reduce fluid

losses through urination c) Encourage them to have salty foodsd) To aim for approximately 150-250mL of fluid every 15 minutes during exercise to help

replace sweat losses

18. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate regarding fat intake in athletes?a) All types of fat should be restricted in those athletes where body fat is a problemb) High fat foods reduce the ability to eat large volumes of carbohydrates if an athlete has

very high carbohydrate requirements c) Fat is the most energy dense nutrient, providing a higher energy intake without added

nutrientsd) Reduced-fat or low-fat products should be recommended for all athletes

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19. Matt is a first grade rugby player who is currently training 6 times a week, including games. To ensure he is recovering optimally in regards to nutrition, you give him some tips. What would you NOT recommend?a) To have small, frequent meals after exercise to avoid any gastric discomfort b) That he takes some of his own foods to games to consume afterwardsc) A good post exercise carbohydrate snack would be a 250mL fruit smoothied) That he needs to aim for an intake a 1g/kg of carbohydrate immediately post exercise

20. Which of the following statements regarding protein needs and intake is INCORRECT?a) Those at risk of inadequate protein intake can include athletes such as lightweight rowers,

gymnasts and jockeysb) Excess protein intake above requirements will stimulate even greater protein synthesis. c) Different proteins enter the digestive system at different rates that will impact on their

metabolism d) Protein needs of resistance trained individuals are lower than inexperienced individuals

because the trained state results in less protein breakdown

21. Leah is a recreational athlete looking to lose some weight before the next netball season. She works full time and is very busy, often skipping breakfast and then eating big takeaway lunches. Which of the following pieces of advice would be LEAST useful to her?a) Breakfast, even a liquid meal, is essential so that she can kick start her metabolism b) She could pack some nutritious snacks such as fruit and nuts for morning tea to regulate

her appetite and decrease the amount of food she eats at lunch c) She needs to aim to do some sort of activity each day for approximately 1 hour d) A long term strategy would be to limit the total amount of carbohydrate she is consuming

each day

22. Which of the following statements regarding fuel sources used during exercise is INCORRECT?a) Protein contributes a large amount to the total energy productionb) ATP is the ‘fuel currency’ used by the muscle c) Exercise intensity and duration greatly influence fuel selection d) Anaerobic means of energy delivery requires no oxygen for delivery of ATP for muscle

contraction

23. Which type of athlete is MOST at risk of micronutrient deficiencies?a) A female elite gymnastb) A professional rugby league playerc) A recreational netball playerd) A competitive heavyweight rower

24. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate regarding carbohydrate loading?a) Trainers or coaches should be informed if an athlete is carbohydrate loading so they can

taper the training program appropriatelyb) Consuming very high amounts of carbohydrate for 1 day (10-12g/kg body weight) with

no exercise may be enough carbohydrate loading for some athletesc) Weight gain during carbohydrate loading is most likely due to an increased fat intake d) The main reason for discarding the ‘old’ or ‘original’ carbohydrate loading strategy was

because athletes found it difficult to train hard on a low carbohydrate intake

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25. Supplements are now widely used in both amateur and professional sport. Which of the following situations regarding supplement use is INCORRECT?a) A sprinter uses creatine as part of their interval and sprint trainingb) Bicarbonate is beneficial when used in competition by marathon runnersc) Caffeine taken by soccer players just before the beginning of a game d) Ultimately the athlete is completely responsible for the supplements they take

26. An athlete comes to you wishing to increase their muscle mass, but is confused over information they found on the Internet. Which of the following statements regarding positive energy balance can you tell them is INCORRECT?a) The time frame over which to achieve and ‘energy surplus’ may vary between each

athlete, but is generally achieved over a 2-4 week period b) Pre and post exercise snacks may be useful for athletes who do not usually consume food

at these timesc) Some athletes struggle to increase the total volume of food at meals, so it is best to opt for

energy dense snacks and increase their meal frequencyd) It is easy to determine how much more a person should eat because we can measure the

extra energy required for hypertrophy

27. Which of the following statements regarding energy balance is NOT correct? a) Energy balance is the basic idea of energy in = energy out when weight is stableb) Consumption of food (or energy) in excess of needs will not lead to weight gainc) The energy cost of macronutrients will determine the overall kilojoule intaked) Successful weight loss requires a sustained energy deficit

28. As the intensity of an exercise session increases, the fuel usage will change over time. Which of the following statements regarding aerobic fuel usage and the ‘fat burning zone’ is INCORRECT?a) At 85% VO2max, the total amount of energy expended will be greater than at 25%

VO2max, regardless of what type of fuel is being usedb) There is almost always a combination of both carbohydrates and fats being used as fuel

sources by the muscle during exercise, no matter what the intensity is c) The maximum rate of fat oxidation occurs at approximately 60% VO2max in trained

individuals, hence this is the intensity they should always train at because it will burn the most energy

d) Fat usage as a fuel is more predominant at lower exercise intensities

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ANSWERS

1. A2. B3. A4. D5. C6. A7. D8. C9. D10. C11. A12. B13. D14. C15. B16. D17. B18. A19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. C25. B26. D27. B28. C

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