Nutrition

Do NowWhat are the 5 basic food groups? Give 3

example foods for each group

Do Now

HomeworkStatus on Digestive System Research Papers

MetabolismMetabolism – a broad term referring to all

chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life

Catabolism – substances are broken down to simpler substancesBroken bonds create energy

Anabolism – larger molecules or structures are built from other molecules or structures

Body Energy BalanceWhen fuel is burned, it takes oxygen and

releases heat

Apply this to the body…

Energy intake = total energy output

TEO = Heat + work + energy stored

Energy Intake v. OutputIntake occurs from glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and

Electron Transport Chain

Output occurs from:Lost heat (approx 60% of total)Energy used to do work (ATP)Energy stored in the form of fat or glycogen

Energy Intake v. OutputWhen intake = output body weight remains

relatively stable

No receptors in the body are able to sense the body’s total calorie intake

Basal Metabolic RateBMR is the amount of heat produced by the

body per unit of time, while the body is at restBasically the individuals necessary energy supply

to perform essential life activitiesBreathing, heartbeat, kidney function

Some factors that increase BMR:MaleYoung ageStrong emotions of anger/fear

HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism – results due to the excessive

metabolic rate

Breaks down fats and tissue proteinsCauses hunger (excessive eating) but the

individual still tends to lose weight

Hypothyroidism – Slower metabolism, obesity and slower brain function

Total Metabolic RateFact of the matter is, we all don’t just live to

breath and have our heart beat

TMR refers to the total amount of Calories the body consumes to fuel all physical activities

When a trained athlete exercises for several minutes, TMR can increase 15-20 times normal

Carb MetabolismBody uses carbs as the preferred source of fuel

to produce energyGlucose ATP

Carb MetabolismAll carbon leaves in the form of carbon dioxide

All hydrogens combine with oxygen to form waterA lot of energy in Hydrogen bonds

Krebs Cycle In Mitochondria – 2 ATP

Electron Transport Chain In Mitochondria – 28 ATPLonger process

Fat MetabolismHandled by the liver in a few different ways:

1. Use some fat to create ATP

2. Create a clotting protein

3. Cholesterol

4. Release some to the blood

Fat MetabolismBody removes fat and cholesterol from the blood

to create membranes or hormonesForm myelin sheaths

Stored fat yields twice as much energy as Carbs or proteins

HomeworkComplete Draft for Digestive System Disease

research essayDue Thursday

Any and all missing work due for class Thursday