Nutrigenomics
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Nutrigenomics Fatma Yeliz Çakır Dublin Institute of Technology Nutritional Aspects of Food Production Module, February 2015
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Transcript of Nutrigenomics
NutrigenomicsFatma Yeliz Çakır
Dublin Institute of Technology
Nutritional Aspects of Food Production Module, February 2015
Human Genome Project (HGP)
Determination of the complete sequence of the human genome
Charazterization of single gene disroders
Charazterization of multiple gene disorders
Source: National Science Foundation, 2000
Nutrigenomics
Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics
Epigenetics
DNA
mRNA Proteins
Metabolites
What is Nutrigenomics?
20-25000 genes
100000 transcripts
80-100000proteins
50000 (?)metabolites
Source: www.nature.com
Nutrigenomics & Nutrigenetics: Two Sides of a Coin
Mutch D, et al. (2005) FASEB Journal 19:1602-1616.
Nutrigenomics; the application of genomics in nutritional research, eg. The way in which food ingredients influence the gene
Nutrigenetics; study of individual differences at the genetic level influencing genetic response.
Differences at SNP level
Exogenous factors!
Change in gene expression or phenotype !
Non-sequence dependent inheritance!
Epigenetics:A new bridge between Nutrition and Health
Temperature dependent polyphenism Identical twins with
different hair colours
Epigenetics:A new bridge between Nutrition and Health
http://vimeo.com/79827169
www.experivida.com
Proper functioning of Methyl Cycle helps reduce the risk of …
•B vitamins & B12•Choline•Folate•SAMe•TMG•DMAE•Whole Foods (such as garlic, eggs, beef, tuna, collard greens, etc.)
Some Methyl Donors:
Folate in 1-Carbon Metabolism
Individual Gene Responses
Fish-Oil supplementation induces anti-inflammatory gene expression profiles in human blood mononuclear cells
Leptin Therapy
A child with a mutation on Leptin geneFarooqi, I. S. and S. O'Rahilly (2004). Recent Prog Horm Res 59: 409-24.
Conclusion and Future Perspective
(1) Nutrigenomics researchers must know the challenge of understanding polygenic diet related diseases.
(2) Short-term goals:
to identify the dietary signals. to elucidate the dietary sensor mechanisms. to characterize the target genes of these sensors. to understand the interaction between these signalling pathways and pro-inflammatory
signalling to search for sensitizing genotypes. to find ‘signatures’ (gene/protein expression and metabolite profiles).
(3) Long-term goals:
Nutrigenomics is to help to understand how we can use nutrition to prevent many of the same diseases for which pharmacogenomics is attempting to identify cures.
SNP database will be effect on disease risk.
Future personalized diets
Conclusion and Future Perspective
Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food.
- Hippocrates, 400 BCEThank you!
References
1. National Human Genome Research Institute, (2012), Understanding Our Genetic Inheritance,http://www.genome.gov/10001477
2. The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression, http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-role-of-methylation-in-gene-expression-1070
3. Folate in one-carbon metabolism, http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v3/n8/box/nrc1144_BX2.html
4. The 'smart' combination of molecular nutrition and nutrigenomics,
5. http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n4/fig_tab/nrg1047_F1.html
6. Trujillo E, Davis C, Milner J. Nutrigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the practice of dietetics.J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Mar;106(3):403-13. Review.
7. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml
