Nutrient Recovery and Water Saving with the “LooLoop” fileJoachim Behrendt Nutrient Recovery and...
Transcript of Nutrient Recovery and Water Saving with the “LooLoop” fileJoachim Behrendt Nutrient Recovery and...
Joachim Behrendt
Nutrient Recovery and Water Saving with the “LooLoop”
Joachim Behrendt, Ulrich Braun, Ulrike Gayh, Mathias Anholz,
Torsten Bettendorf, Ralf Otterpohl
Sustainable sanitationPre-conference Workshops
(10-12 August 2009, Tampere , Finland)
Joachim Behrendt
Agenda
➔ Introduction and Motivation➔ Technical Realisation➔ Prozess Variants ➔ Obtained Results➔ Research and Development Needs➔ Conclusion
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Introduction and Motivation
➢ Disposal of faecal contaminated wastewater causes problems
➢ Extraction of freshwater for domestic uses is effected
➢ Objectives:
➔ Water demand for flushing of toilets can be reduced down to zero
➔ Reuse faecal matter, like biogas, mineral fertilizer and soil-conditioner
➔ Eliminating all pathogens and hazardous substances, like pharmaceuticals, hormones and multi-resistance plasmids
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A) Healthy Kidney Cells (B) Diclofenac Caused Damage in kedney cells
Source: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt
A B
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Technical Realisation
airFI
NICNIC QIR
O2,pH,T
PIC QIC
pH
KOH
Ozone Treatment
max
min
max
min
to biosolidtreatment
1.
1. liquid fertiliser overflow
max
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➔ Rechen und Siebe
➢ Rechen sind in der Abwasserreinigung etabliert und können als Komponente erworben werden
➢ Siebung ist problematischer, weil es zu Korrosion kommen kann und die Poren leicht verstopfen, weil Ausfällung bevorzugt an metallischen Oberflächen stattfindet
➔ Sedimentation
➢ Sedimentation birgt das Risiko des Schlammauftriebs, wegen hoher Nitratkonzentration (Denitrifikation)
➔ Screen and Sieves
➢ Screen are established in wastewater treatment and can bought as componente
➢ Screening is more problematic, because corrusion occurs and the pores are easily blocked due to prefered precipitation at metalic surfeces
➔ Sedimentation
➢ Sedimentation holds the risk of flotation of sludge, due to the high nitrate concentration (denitrification)
Technical RealisationSeparation of Solids
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➔ Flotation
➢ Flotation benötigt gleichmäßigen Zulauf
➢ Option für größere Baugrößen➔ Filtersack
➢ Filtersack mit Vertikalsieb funktioniert
➢ Stoßbelastung möglich
➢ ideal für kleiner Baugrößen
➔ Flotation
➢ Flotation need even inflow
➢ Option for bigger scale➔ Filter Bag
➢ Filter bag with vertical sieve works
➢ Peak loads possible
➢ ideal for small units
Technical RealisationSeparation of Solids
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Biological Treatment
➔ Lowering of pH➔ Degradation of organic compounents➔ Elimination of colour➔ Reduction of Pathogenes
✔ Realised as Membran-Bio-Reactor (MBR)
✔ and as Fixed-Bed-Reactor (FBR)
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Biological Treatment
Key reactions:
Nitritation :
NH 4+ +
32O2 + 2HCO3
- NO2- + 2CO2 + 3H 2O
Nitratation :
NO2- +
12O2 NO3
-
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Biological Treatment
but actually:
NH 3 + 32O2 HNO2 + 2H 2O
HNO2 + 12O2 + H2O NO3
- + H 3O+
NH3 + H 3O+ NH 4
+ + H2O
HNO2 + H 2O NO2- + H3O
+
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Kinetic of the Nitrification
Nitritation :
µNS = µNSmax
SNH 3
K S−NH 31
SHNO2
K I−HNO 2
SNH 3
SNH 3
2
KH−NH 3
SO2
K NS−O2 + SO 2
f T f I f pH
Nitratation :
µNB = µNBmax
SHNO2
K S−HNO21
SNH3
K I−NH 3
SHNO2
SHNO2
2
KH−HNO2
SO2
K NB−O2 + SO2
f T f I f pH
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Experimental set up for the determination of the Kinetic of the Oxidation of Nitrogen
M
QIR
O2, pH
SIC
TIC
Pressluft
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Kinetic of the NH4-Degradation
from Antholz, 2009
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
NH4+-N/NH3-N [mg]
Res
pir
atio
n r
ate
[mg
/(g
*h)]
Black water cycle
WWTP Seevetal
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Kinetic of the NO2-Degradation
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
NO2--N [mg]
Res
pir
ati
on
rate
[m
g/(
g*h
)]
Black water cycle
WWTP Seevetal
from Antholz, 2009
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Temperature impact to NH4-Oxidation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 10 20 30 40 50Temperature [°C]
Re
sp
irati
on
ra
te [
mg
/(g
*h)]
Balck water cycleWWTP Seevetal
from Antholz, 2009
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Temperature Impact to the NO2-Oxidation
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50Temperature [°C]
Re
sp
ira
tio
n r
ate
[m
g/(
g*h
)] Black water cycleWWTP Seevetal
from Antholz, 2009
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Trials of Treatment with Ozone
➔ Colour removal
➔ Elimination of refraktory Substances (Pharmaceutical residues)
➔ Hygienisation
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Results of Ozonisation of biological pre-treated Urine
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
D O3 0,34 g/lD O3 0,26 g/lD O3 0,35 g/lKinetik
Zeit t [min]
Far
bza
hl
CU
[1/
m]
from Gahy, 2007
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Results Ozonisation
0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,400
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Konti: behandeltes Volumen 1 Liter
Konti: behandeltes Volumen 2 Liter
Batch: behandeltes Volumen 0,9 Liter
Ozondosis [g/l]
Far
bza
hl c
u [
1/m
]
from Gahy, 2007
Joachim Behrendt
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
0
24
48
72
96
120
NH4-N [mg/l]TOC [mg/l]FZ [1/m]
Ko
nze
ntr
atio
n S
_NH
4, S
_TO
C [
mg
/l]
Far
bza
hl
CU
[1/
m]
Zulauf Bioreaktor nach UF Ozonierung Biologische Nachbehandlung
Progress of Colour Reduction During Blackwater Treatment
from Gahy, 2007
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Energy Demand
the production of 1 kg Ozone requires 10 kWh electricity
the demand of ozone consists from 0,5 m3 urine and an equivalent amount of colourand from faeces and of the elimination of recolouring
250 g ozone per m3 urine
20 g ozone per m3 flushing water
annual demand 1 m3 urine (equivalent)/(cap. a) plus 15 m3 flushing water /(cap. a)550 g O3/(cap. a) 5,5 kWh/(cap. a)
Nitrite oxidation with ozone:4 kg/(cap. a) 2 kg O3/kg NO2 = 8 kg/(cap. a) Ozon 80 kWh/(cap. a)
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Nano-filtration of biological treated Blackwater
➔ Concentration of the nutrients and pollutants
➔ Colour removal
➔ Hygienisation
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Nano-filtration
NF
inflow Permeate
Retentate
(TOC, ions) TOC < 300-500 Damonovalent ions
TOC > 300-500 Dapolyvalent ions (PO4
3+ , SO42- )
and monovalent ions (K+, Na+) for charge compensation