Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program Planner Certification Training Dr. Mark Risse...
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Transcript of Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program Planner Certification Training Dr. Mark Risse...
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Planner Certification Training
Dr. Mark RisseBiological and Agricultural
EngineeringAgricultural Pollution
Prevention
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Topics of the day: Selecting Application
Sites Placement and Timing Application Methods Calibration BMP’s Records Review
How to apply at the right place and time!How to apply at the right place and time!
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Soil Characteristics Affect the Soil’s Ability to Treat or Use Manure Depth to groundwater determines the amount of time that a
pollutant is in contact with the soil. Soil Depth determines amount of time manure is in contact with
soil. Texture
sandy soils drain rapidly and therefore the soil does not hold a waste material so that the nutrients can be used by crops
soils with more clay are better suited for holding waste materials until the nutrients can be used
Organic matter has a very large absorptive capacity for most pollutants.
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Manure application sites should be ... In compliance with local, state, and federal
regulations
Isolated from neighbors, roads, or highways
On land with low or medium slopes
Buffered from surface waters
On land with deep seasonal high groundwater tables and good depth to bedrock
On sites suitable for growing crops while minimizing risks of groundwater contamination
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Where should you put nutrients?
Nutrients should be placed where plant roots can reach them.
Surface-applied and solid manure nutrients are more subject to loss.
Placement depends on application and handling equipment available.
Manure with highest nutrient content should go on fields farthest away and with highest demand.*
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Timing Applying manure nutrients at
the proper time for crop needs is crucial.
Proper timing is as important as proper application rates.
Nutrients that are not used by crops are subject to runoff and leaching, with negative environmental consequences.
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
What determines when manure is applied?
It should not be your storage structure!
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Timing
Nutrients should be applied to coincide with the crop uptake requirements- 30 days before planting.
Having multiple crop types can help insure that a crop is available
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Application rates that exceed soil infiltration will result in runoff from spray fields, which is a source of pollution. This is one of the most commonly reported violations.
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Timing
Even on well drained sites, soils may be “too wet” for liquid application during unseasonably wet periods.
During these wet periods, land application may need to be delayed for a month or more.
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Liquid applications
Transport limited Riskier Storage
Lagoon Design and Management
More apt to be disposal vs. utilization
Solid Separation should be encouraged
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Environmental Rating: Surface Applied Liquid
Uniformity of Application
Nitrogen Conservation
Odor Soil Compaction
Timeliness of Application
Liquid Tanker Splash plate
poor poor poor poor fair
Box spreader Drop hoses
fair fair good poor fair
Tanker (injected) good excellent excellent poor fair Big-gun irrigation good very poor very
poor excellent excellent
Center pivot Impact sprinklers excellent very poor very
poor excellent excellent
Center pivot Low pressure drops
excellent poor good excellent excellent
Land Application Equipment
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Pumps:
The suction line and strainer should be floated in the lagoon so that the intake is about 18 inches below the water level to draw the most solids-free liquid.
The pump should be located on the upwind side of the lagoon since solids tend to migrate to the downwind side.
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation and Land Application Systems/Equipment
Solid-Set Sprinklers/Guns Traveling Guns Center Pivot/Linear Move Systems “Pump and Haul” Tanks Umbilical Hose Systems
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Design: A properly designed irrigation system provides the
operator the opportunity to uniformly apply wastewater at agronomic rates without direct runoff from the site.
A “good design” does not guarantee proper land application. the performance of a well-designed system can be
ruined by poor management a poorly designed system can sometimes provide
good performance with proper, intensive management
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Pressure gauge is useful to insure
system performance
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Performance Study conducted in NC on many types of
systems found over 50% were found not operating at desired or designed conditions
Operating pressure generally too low resulting in Deficient wetted radius uneven application at rates higher than allowed by
CNMP Poor system design or installation Improper equipment operation
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Why Calibrate? Verify application rate Troubleshoot operation Determine proper overlaps Identify “hot spots” Evaluate application
uniformity Monitor change in
equipment operation Changes in manure
consistency
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Calibration
Notebook explains procedures. At a minimum you should know the amount applied and the area covered. The average depth of application should be measured when irrigating.
Application Uniformity measures the distribution of nutrients. It requires application rates at many points but is essential in determining overlap and evaluating systems.
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Stationary Sprinklers:
Advantages good for small or
irregular shaped fields
do not have to move equipment
Low labor requirement
Disadvantages higher initial costs
must protect from animals in fields
small bore sprinklers are more likely to get plugged or broken
no flexibility to move to other (new) fields
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Typical Layout of a Traveling Gun Irrigation System
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Big Gun Nozzles:
Ring nozzle: provides better breakup of the wastewater stream
resulting in less soil compaction provides better application uniformity throughout
the wetted radius
Taper bore nozzle: throws water about 5 percent further than the ring
nozzle results in about a 10 percent larger wetted area
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Hard-Hose Traveler:
Advantages system is transportable
application rate can be adjusted (speed and nozzle settings)
easily used for new fields less plugging
Disadvantages more difficult to calibrate
does not maximize the use of area for irregularly shaped fields
impractical for small areas
High power requirement High application rates
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Sprinkler Options
Impact sprinklers on top
Sprinklers on drop pipes to just beneath pivot frame
Sprinklers on drop hoses to 18” to 36” above the ground
“Bubblers” on drop tubes to just above ground level - LEPA systems
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation System Center Pivot & Linear Move System:
Advantages precise application rate can
be adjusted (speed and nozzle settings)
low drift losses if drop nozzles are used
easily used for regularly shaped fields, some systems are transportable
labor savings remote operation
Disadvantages does not maximize the
use of area for irregularly shaped fields
impractical for small areas
initial cost
Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program
Irrigation SchedulingDetermining When to Irrigate: Ask yourself:
Do I have an actively growing crop (or will a crop be planted or actively start growing within 30 days)?
Do I have a nitrogen deficit remaining for this crop cycle?
Is the liquid level in my lagoon above the minimum storage depth?
Are my land application fields dry enough to be irrigated?
All four questions should be yes to irrigate.