Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program Planner Certification Training Dr. Mark Risse...

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ent Management Planner Certification Program Planner Certification Training Dr. Mark Risse Biological and Agricultural Engineering Agricultural Pollution Prevention

Transcript of Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program Planner Certification Training Dr. Mark Risse...

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Planner Certification Training

Dr. Mark RisseBiological and Agricultural

EngineeringAgricultural Pollution

Prevention

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Topics of the day: Selecting Application

Sites Placement and Timing Application Methods Calibration BMP’s Records Review

How to apply at the right place and time!How to apply at the right place and time!

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Soil Characteristics Affect the Soil’s Ability to Treat or Use Manure Depth to groundwater determines the amount of time that a

pollutant is in contact with the soil. Soil Depth determines amount of time manure is in contact with

soil. Texture

sandy soils drain rapidly and therefore the soil does not hold a waste material so that the nutrients can be used by crops

soils with more clay are better suited for holding waste materials until the nutrients can be used

Organic matter has a very large absorptive capacity for most pollutants.

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Manure application sites should be ... In compliance with local, state, and federal

regulations

Isolated from neighbors, roads, or highways

On land with low or medium slopes

Buffered from surface waters

On land with deep seasonal high groundwater tables and good depth to bedrock

On sites suitable for growing crops while minimizing risks of groundwater contamination

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Where should you put nutrients?

Nutrients should be placed where plant roots can reach them.

Surface-applied and solid manure nutrients are more subject to loss.

Placement depends on application and handling equipment available.

Manure with highest nutrient content should go on fields farthest away and with highest demand.*

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Proper placement = uniformity

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Timing Applying manure nutrients at

the proper time for crop needs is crucial.

Proper timing is as important as proper application rates.

Nutrients that are not used by crops are subject to runoff and leaching, with negative environmental consequences.

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

What determines when manure is applied?

It should not be your storage structure!

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Timing

Nutrients should be applied to coincide with the crop uptake requirements- 30 days before planting.

Having multiple crop types can help insure that a crop is available

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Application rates that exceed soil infiltration will result in runoff from spray fields, which is a source of pollution. This is one of the most commonly reported violations.

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Timing

Even on well drained sites, soils may be “too wet” for liquid application during unseasonably wet periods.

During these wet periods, land application may need to be delayed for a month or more.

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Land Application Equipment

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Liquid applications

Transport limited Riskier Storage

Lagoon Design and Management

More apt to be disposal vs. utilization

Solid Separation should be encouraged

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Environmental Rating: Surface Applied Liquid

Uniformity of Application

Nitrogen Conservation

Odor Soil Compaction

Timeliness of Application

Liquid Tanker Splash plate

poor poor poor poor fair

Box spreader Drop hoses

fair fair good poor fair

Tanker (injected) good excellent excellent poor fair Big-gun irrigation good very poor very

poor excellent excellent

Center pivot Impact sprinklers excellent very poor very

poor excellent excellent

Center pivot Low pressure drops

excellent poor good excellent excellent

Land Application Equipment

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Pumps:

The suction line and strainer should be floated in the lagoon so that the intake is about 18 inches below the water level to draw the most solids-free liquid.

The pump should be located on the upwind side of the lagoon since solids tend to migrate to the downwind side.

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation and Land Application Systems/Equipment

Solid-Set Sprinklers/Guns Traveling Guns Center Pivot/Linear Move Systems “Pump and Haul” Tanks Umbilical Hose Systems

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Design: A properly designed irrigation system provides the

operator the opportunity to uniformly apply wastewater at agronomic rates without direct runoff from the site.

A “good design” does not guarantee proper land application. the performance of a well-designed system can be

ruined by poor management a poorly designed system can sometimes provide

good performance with proper, intensive management

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Pressure gauge is useful to insure

system performance

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Performance Study conducted in NC on many types of

systems found over 50% were found not operating at desired or designed conditions

Operating pressure generally too low resulting in Deficient wetted radius uneven application at rates higher than allowed by

CNMP Poor system design or installation Improper equipment operation

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Why Calibrate? Verify application rate Troubleshoot operation Determine proper overlaps Identify “hot spots” Evaluate application

uniformity Monitor change in

equipment operation Changes in manure

consistency

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Calibration

Notebook explains procedures. At a minimum you should know the amount applied and the area covered. The average depth of application should be measured when irrigating.

Application Uniformity measures the distribution of nutrients. It requires application rates at many points but is essential in determining overlap and evaluating systems.

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Stationary Irrigation System

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Typical Layout of a Stationary Sprinkler System

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Stationary Sprinklers:

Advantages good for small or

irregular shaped fields

do not have to move equipment

Low labor requirement

Disadvantages higher initial costs

must protect from animals in fields

small bore sprinklers are more likely to get plugged or broken

no flexibility to move to other (new) fields

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Hard-Hose TravelerIrrigation System

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Typical Layout of a Traveling Gun Irrigation System

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Big Gun Nozzles:

Ring nozzle: provides better breakup of the wastewater stream

resulting in less soil compaction provides better application uniformity throughout

the wetted radius

Taper bore nozzle: throws water about 5 percent further than the ring

nozzle results in about a 10 percent larger wetted area

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Hard-Hose Traveler:

Advantages system is transportable

application rate can be adjusted (speed and nozzle settings)

easily used for new fields less plugging

Disadvantages more difficult to calibrate

does not maximize the use of area for irregularly shaped fields

impractical for small areas

High power requirement High application rates

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Center Pivot

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Sprinkler Options

Impact sprinklers on top

Sprinklers on drop pipes to just beneath pivot frame

Sprinklers on drop hoses to 18” to 36” above the ground

“Bubblers” on drop tubes to just above ground level - LEPA systems

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation System Center Pivot & Linear Move System:

Advantages precise application rate can

be adjusted (speed and nozzle settings)

low drift losses if drop nozzles are used

easily used for regularly shaped fields, some systems are transportable

labor savings remote operation

Disadvantages does not maximize the

use of area for irregularly shaped fields

impractical for small areas

initial cost

Nutrient Management Planner Certification Program

Irrigation SchedulingDetermining When to Irrigate: Ask yourself:

Do I have an actively growing crop (or will a crop be planted or actively start growing within 30 days)?

Do I have a nitrogen deficit remaining for this crop cycle?

Is the liquid level in my lagoon above the minimum storage depth?

Are my land application fields dry enough to be irrigated?

All four questions should be yes to irrigate.