Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley
description
Transcript of Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley
![Page 1: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the
Carpinteria Valley
Timothy H. RobinsonBren School of Environmental Science and Management
University of California Santa Barbara
![Page 2: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introductions
![Page 3: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview
Creeks of the Carpinteria Valley:
• Arroyo Paredon• CSM North Tributaries • Santa Monica• Franklin• Carpinteria/Gobernador• Lagunitas
My research project:
•Nutrient export•Modeling•Predictions
![Page 4: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Watersheds Drainage Area Max-Elevation Ave-Slope Urban Agriculture Chaparral/Forest
(km2) (m) (ft) (%) (%) (%) (%)Carpinteria 39.2 1424 4672 38 2 11 85
Franklin 11.6 533 1749 20 29 30 40Santa Monica 9.8 1192 3911 45 3 3 93
![Page 5: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Methodology
Identify land use classes and sampling site locations: Chaparral/Forest, Avocado, Greenhouse, Open-Field Nursery, Residential and Commercial
Sampling strategies: Subcatchment, point discharge and above-below
Sampling methods: Manual sample or ISCO auto-sampler
GIS database development
Data analysis
Nutrient flux calculation (hydrology and stream chemistry)
Nutrient export coefficient model development
Integration with an urban growth model
![Page 6: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sampling Site Locations
![Page 7: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Measuring Nutrient Concentrations
Grab samples and ISCO auto- samplers
![Page 8: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Analyzing for: Ammonium (NH4
+), Nitrate (NO3-), Total Dissolve
Nitrogen (TDN), Phosphate (PO43-), Total Particulate
Carbon (TPC), Total Particulate Nitrogen (TPN), Total Particulate Phosphate (TPP), Total Suspended Sediments (TSS) and major ions at selected locations
Specifics:
Frequency: • Regular sampling:
Once every 2 weeks during the dry seasonOnce a week during the wet season
Storm sampling:Every hour on the rising limb of the hydrographEvery 2-4 hours on the falling limb of the hydrograph
Project duration: WY2001, WY2002 and WY2003
![Page 9: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Measuring Stream Flow
Staff Gauges and Pressure TransducersSurveying the Cross-Sections
Developing Rating Curves
![Page 10: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stream Chemistry and Hydrology
0
300
600
900
1200
10/30 10/31 11/1
Nit
rate
(µ
M)
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Sta
ge
at
ou
tle
t (f
t)
outlet
commercial
residential
chaparral/forest
stage-recorded
Carpinteria Creek (WY-2002)
![Page 11: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
General Trends in Nutrient Concentrationsby Watershed
1
10
100
1000
10000
Franklin Carpinteria Santa Monica
nit
rate
(µ
M)
baseflow
stormflow
1
10
100
Franklin Carpinteria Santa Monica
ph
osp
hat
e (µ
M)
baseflow
stormflow
![Page 12: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nutrient LoadingDevelopment of a Nutrient Flux Model
StreamChemistry
ObservedStage
PTStage
(5-min)
ObservedFlow
PTFlow
(5-min)
StreamChemistry
Stage-Discharge Relationship(HEC-RAS)
Flow(hourly)Flow
(hourly)
StreamChemistry(hourly)
Identify: Baseflow, Peakflow..
Nut. Conc.
Flow(hourly)
StreamChemistry
(model/obs)
Nut. Flux(conc/flow)
AnnualAnnualNutrient LoadingNutrient Loading
ObservedFlow
(hourly)
Linear extrapolation
![Page 13: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1
10
100
1000
10000
5-Jan 15-Jan 25-Jan 4-Feb 14-Feb 24-Feb 6-Mar
cum
ula
tive
exp
ort
(Km
ol)
0
50
100
150
200
250
flo
w (
cfs)
NH4 NO3 PO4
TDN flow
WY 2001
Cumulative Nutrient ExportFranklin Creek Watershed
![Page 14: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cumulative Nitrate ExportNursery Site
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
10/26 11/5 11/15 11/25 12/5 12/15 12/25
Cu
mu
lati
ve
Ex
po
rt (
Km
ol)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Flo
w (
cfs
)
NO3-FK07
NO3-FK06
Flow-FK07
Flow-FK06
![Page 15: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Santa Monica Franklin Carpinteria
Nu
trie
nt
Lo
adin
g (
kg/y
r)
NH4-N
NO3-N
DON-N
PO4-P
WY2001 Basin Outlet Mass Flux
WY 2001
![Page 16: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Comparison of Flux afterNormalizing with Runoff
1
10
100
Oct. 30 Nov. 29 Dec. 20
Date of Storms
Ex
po
rt (
g/h
a-m
m)
NO3-residentialNO3-commercial
NO3-greenhouse
0
1
10
100
1000
Oct. 30 Nov. 29 Dec. 20
Date of Storms
Ex
po
rt (
g/h
a-m
m)
PO4-residential
PO4-commercial
PO4-greenhouse
![Page 17: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
AAGISGISEE
IIInterviewInterview
IILiteratureLiterature
KKLiteratureLiterature
LUE tkeK
kk ttD/VD/V
LULUGISGIS
Abbreviation key:• E – Export Coefficient Function• B – Watershed Response Variable• S – Soils• P - Precipitation
Nutrient Export Coefficient Model
DKIAEL atmiiii
DDatmatm
LTERLTER
DDatmatmLiteratureLiterature
S+P +ASMCS+P +ASMC
• ASMC – Antecedent Soil Moisture Content• K – Down Stream Distance-Decay Function• k + – Coefficients• t – Time
• D – Distance Traveled Downstream• V – Average Velocity Traveled Downstream
L
![Page 18: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Integration with an Urban Growth Model (SLEUTH)
• SLEUTH : an urban growth model implemented for the Santa Barbara area that predicts future land use, example 2050
• Enables comparison of future loadings to standards being set for stream water quality regulations (TMDLs)
• Evaluation of proposed BMP mitigations
![Page 19: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Significance of the Project
Presentations:• PhD Seminar, Bren School UCSB• Santa Barbara Coastal LTER Seminar, UCSB• University of California Toxic Substances Research & Teaching Program, Annual Symposium, Long Beach• Coastal Water Resources, American Water Resources Association 2002 Spring Conference, New Orleans• Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project, 2002 Symposium, Ventura• California and the Worlds Oceans 02 Conference, Santa Barbara
![Page 20: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Questions
Thank you!!
![Page 21: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sampling Teams
Three teams sampling in and around storm events1. Lower reach sites2. Upper reach sites3. Restricted sites
![Page 22: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Percentage Land Use Class by Land Use Sub-Area
LU Site Area PercentCode Code (hectares) 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 50 60 Impervious*
1 GB04 1873.2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 CP05 1210.2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 CP02 746.9 42.1 36.2 1.3 2.3 0 3.7 12.0 0.1 2.1 7.45 CP30 6.0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 30.06 CP20 31.9 9.2 0 0 0 0 90.8 0 0 0 77.24 FK06 80.4 11.9 20.6 4.1 47.4 0 1.5 14.5 0 0 11.43 FK04 16.9 2.9 0 97.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 68.01 SM05 901.6 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Land use codes and associated percentage of impervious surfaces**.LU-Code % Imp Class:
1 0 Undeveloped - Chaparral/Forest **2 5 Avocados - out buildings3 70 Greenhouse Small Watersheds, Technical Release 55, 4 10 Nursery Washington, DC, 19865 30 Medium density residential 2. US Army Corps of Engineers. 2000. HEC-HMS6 85 Commercial Technical Manual Hydrologic Engineering 20 10 Other agriculture Center, Davis, Ca, pp. 12350 100 Open w ater 3. Interpretation by T.H. Robinson and R.E. Beighley 60 0 Forested Riparian
% Area of Land Use (LU-Code)*:
References for percentage of impervious 1. Soil Conservation Service, Urban Hydrology for
![Page 23: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Santa Monica Debris Basin
![Page 24: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Gobernador Debris Basin
![Page 25: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chaparral/Forest Sites
Santa Monica Carpinteria Gobernador(µM) SM05 CP05 GB05NH4Min: 0* 0* 0*Max: 0.6 2.7 1.1
Average: 0.2 1.1 0.4NO3Min: 0* 1.7 0*Max: 2.0 17.0 26.9
Average: 0.5 8.4 4.5TDNMin: 0* 10.0 4.8Max: 14.9 53.5 55.5
Average: 8.6 25.0 18.1PO4Min: 0.6 0.5 0.3Max: 8.6 9.6 7.4
Average: 3.8 3.7 4.0* At or below the detection limit.
CP05
SM05
GB05
![Page 26: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Residential Site(CP30)
![Page 27: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Commercial Site(CP20)
![Page 28: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Greenhouse SiteGreenhouse Site
![Page 29: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Nursery Site(FK06+FK07)
![Page 30: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10/30 10/31 11/1
Ph
os
ph
ate
(µ
M)
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Sta
ge
@ o
utl
et
(ft)
outlet
commercial
residential
chaparral/forest
stage-visual
stage-recorded
Getting to Know Your Local Streams
![Page 31: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CarpinteriaCreek
(first storm)
0
300
600
900
1200
10/30 10/31 11/1N
itra
te (
µM
)0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Sta
ge
at
ou
tle
t (f
t)
outlet
commercial
residential
chaparral/forest
stage-visual
stage-recorded
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10/30 10/31 11/1
Ph
os
ph
ate
(µ
M)
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Sta
ge
@ o
utl
et
(ft)
outlet
commercial
residential
chaparral/forest
stage-visual
stage-recorded
CP00 – outletCP20 – commercialCP30 – residentialGB04 – chaparral/
forest
![Page 32: Nutrient Loading in Coastal Streams, Variation with Land Use in the Carpinteria Valley](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070405/56813e13550346895da7f36d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Franklin Creek
(first storm)
0
40
80
120
160
30-Oct 31-Oct 1-Nov
Ph
osp
hat
e (µ
M)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Sta
ge
at
ou
tle
t (f
t)
outlet
below greenhouse
greenhouse
stage - visual
stage - recorded
316 µM
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
30-Oct 31-Oct 1-Nov
Nit
rate
(µM
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Sta
ge
at o
utl
et (
ft)
outlet
below greenhouse
greenhouse
stage - visual
stage-recorded