Nutrient Cycles

Biochemical cycles

• Also called the Nutrient Cycles.

• Four most abundant elements in our body:• CHON• (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

Water Cycle

• Transpiration = water leaves the leaves of a plant

• Transpiration Animation

Runoff

• Surface flow of water over the land

Seepage (percolation) or infiltration

Water Cycle

Desalination Plant in Saudi Arabia desalination

Do Water Cycle Activity

And crossword on the back

X 4

What is the purpose of nutrients?

• Chemical building blocks• To build tissues and carry out

essential life functions.• Three most important nutrients:

C-N-P• Carbon – nitrogen - phosphorus

What are the three nutrients found in fertilizer?

• N P K• nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium

Algal Bloom

• An algal bloom or marine bloom or water bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system.

Algal Bloom

• Increase in algae often due to runoff of heavily fertilized fields

Algal Bloom Animation

• Australian algal bloom

Carbon Cycle

Image: fig.cox.miami.edu

Carbon Cycle

• CarbonCycle Animation

• Tutorial 58.2 The Global Carbon CycleAnimation

The Carbon Cycle Game This would make a nice simulation!

Why do you think Carbon is an important cycle?

• Makes up all living things• Plants use it to make food by

photosynthesis • Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas

to warm the atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect

UV Rays

IR rays

Global Warming

• global-warming-101

Polar Ice Caps Melting Video

Fossil Fuels Burning

Global Warming

• Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.

Can we bury our CO2 in the ocean?

Formulas

• Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 (rock)

• Carbon Dioxide CO2 (gas)

How does carbon dioxide get into the ground?

• Decomposition of dead animals

R=release TI=take in• TI photosynthesis• R respiration• TI decomposition of dead animals• R volcanic activity• R burning fossil fuels• R burning forests

Nitrogen CycleC9H11NO3

= an amino acid (protein)• Why do we need

nitrogen?• For DNA, RNA,

Proteins

Nitrogen

• N2 atmospheric nitrogen

• NH3 ammonia NH4

+ ammonium ion Nitrate NO3

Nitrite NO2

KNOW 1. Nitrogen Fixing: Changing unusable nitrogen into

usable nitrogenN2 NH4+ (NH3)

Atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (unusable) (usable)

ONLY DONE WITHNITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA.

Legume Nodules

• nodules of Rhizobium, bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

• UGLY – BUT NEEDED!!!

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

2. Uptake by Organisms

• Clover is a low cost source of nitrogen.

Urine, fertilizer add nitrogen

3. Nitrogen Mineralization (Decay)

• Organic nitrogen is converted to plant-available inorganic forms. Microbes eat the decomposed organisms.

• N NH4+

Nitrogen CycleNONUSABLE

usable

4. Nitrification• Ammonia into nitrite/nitrate• NH4

+ NO2-/N03 • Done by soil bacteria

KNOW 5. Denitrification

• ☺Nitrogen Cycle Animation WATCH THE MOVING DOTS

• Bacteria converting NO3/NH3 back to N2

• Usable to unusable

Nitrogen cycle

• Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, N2

• - electrical discharge, chemical production, biological fixation

• NO3 plants animals death & wastes• Waste org. N decomposers NH3

• NH3 nitrifiers NO2 & NO3

• NO2 & NO3 denitrifiers N2

• Nitrogen and the Vole

Animation

• Tutorial 58.4 The Global Nitrogen Cycle

Do “Traveling Nitrogen: Activity

• How did you (nitrogen) get into the soil?• How did you move from one place to

another?• Did you ever get transformed back to N2?• How do animals get the nitrogen that they

can use?

Phosphorus Cycle

• Phosphorus does not enter the atmosphere in its cycle

• Inorganic phosphorus remains mostly in rocks and ocean sediments

• Organic Phosphate is found in DNA and RNA (all living things)

• CHONP

Phosphorus Cycle Animation

• phosphorous cycle animation

• PO4 = • phosphate

Spartina (cordgrass) and Algae

Thrive on lots of Phosphorus

Too many nutrients-too much algal growth

Algal Bloom

• Too many nutrients cause too much algae to grow.

• Chokes out other plants.

• Too many nutrients cause grow of algae.

• This causes other plants to be choked out.

• Dissolved oxygen depletion