Nutrient classes of_food_12-10

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Nutrient Classes of Food Biology

description

A description of the features, examples and uses of Carbohydrates Proteins and Lipids. Please complete your macromolecule table as you follow along.

Transcript of Nutrient classes of_food_12-10

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Nutrient Classes of Food

Biology

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Carbohydrates

Functions (used for) provide fuel for the body Are used to build plant cell walls

(cellulose)

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What are some food sources of carbohydrates?

Vegetables flour Fruits rice

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Elements needed to build carbs:

C = carbon H = hydrogen O = Oxygen Ratio in each type is 2 Hydrogen : 1

Oxygen (C6H12O6)

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Carbs: Unique Features

end in –ose (glucose, sucrose, etc) rings of atoms

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Specific Examples of Carbs

Glucose Monosaccharide (mono = one,

saccharide = sugar) produced by plants by

photosynthesis Is the main short-term fuel for our

body

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Specific Examples of Carbs

Fructose found in many fruits & honey Monosaccharide (mono = one)

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Specific Examples of Carbs

sucrose table sugar disaccharide (di = 2)

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Starches – 3 types

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Specific Examples of Carbs

Starch polysaccharide (poly = many) energy storage for humans

(medium term) Used for carbo loading (pasta party)

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Carbs: Specific Examples

Glycogen (a polysaccahride) AKA animal starch Human energy reserves (liver and

muscles) broken down to release glucose

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Specific Examples of Carbs

Cellulose (polysaccharide) makes cell walls rigid / strong humans cannot digest – called fiber

in our diet

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Carbohydrates - FIBER

What is the role of fiber in health? absorb water and toxins ensure regular elimination of wastes decrease cancer risk

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Protein

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Proteins

Function (used for) build tissue – hair, nails, skin, muscle,

organs, tendons, ligaments repair tissue – after an injury regulate chemical activity (enzymes)

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Proteins: What are some food sources?

meat (beef, pork, fowl, fish, lamb) dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt) nuts beans eggs

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Elements that build Proteins:

C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen N = nitrogen

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Unique Features of Proteins:

made of chains of amino acids amino acid chains fold in a specific

shape shape determines function (job) Enzymes end in -ase

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Specific Examples of Proteins:

Enzymes – control chemical reactions (digestion, cell activities)

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Specific Examples of Proteins:

Hemoglobin – main component of red blood cells Binds and carries oxygen from lungs to

cells

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Specific Examples of Proteins:

Transport Proteins – help molecules move in or out of a cell membrane

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Specific Examples of Proteins:

Insulin – a hormone signals cells to take glucose out of

blood and use it.

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Lipids (Fats)

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Lipids [AKA fats] (used for)

some hormones are lipids Building the cell membrane long-term energy storage (the fat

our body stores)

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What are some food sources of Lipids?

Dairy milk, cheese, butter

Plant seeds olive, peanut, corn

Meats contain fats

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What elements are involved?

C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen

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Unique Features of Lipids

Made of fatty acids and glycerol stores most energy stored per

gram. Very long chains of fatty acids with

lots of bonds

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Specific Examples of Lipids

Phospholipid – used to make the cell membrane

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Specific Type

saturated fats solid at room temp typically animal fats not healthy for us

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Specific Type

unsaturated fats liquid at room temp typically plant fats healthy for you

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Saturated vs unsaturated fats

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The End