Class Drug Therapeutic Uses Action Adverse Effects Drug Interactions

1st generationNSAID

Aspirin 1st generationNSAID

MI, Inflammation,Hyperpyremia, Pain,

Suppress plateletaggregation,

dysmenorrhea, Cancerprevention, Alzheimer'sprevention, thromboticevents, ischemic stroke

Irreversible InhibitsCOX-1 and COX-2(COX-1 good, cox

convert arachidonicacid to prostandins

GI effects, Bleeding, renalimpairment, Salicylism,

Reye's syndrome,Hypersensitivity

reactions, ulcerationpromotion, MI stroke

Warfarin (make bleedingworse), Glucocorticoids,

Alcohol, Ibuprofen,Heparin

2nd generationNSAIDs

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)2nd generation

Pain, Fever (NOT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY)

Inhibitsprostaglandins in CNS Liver injury, Kidneys Alcohol, Warfarin

(increases bleeding)

2nd generationNSAIDs Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Arthrits, Pain,Inflammation,

Dysmenorrhea Suppressinflammation, reducesfever, protection from

colorectal cancer

Inhibits COX-2 (bad)

GastroduodenalUlceration, CardiovascularEvents, Renal impairment,Sulfa allergy, pregnancy,

promotes MI stroke

Warfarin, Furosemide(decreases Diuretic

effect), ACEI (decreasesAntihypertensive effects),

Increase Lithium andfluconazole

ADP's Clopidogrel (Plavix)

prevent corinary arteryblockage, decreasesthombotic events, MI,

ischemic stroke, vasculardeath

antiplatelet, blocksADP receptors adverse affects as aspirin omeprazole, decreases

antiplatelet effect

Alpha-GlucosidaseInhibitors Acarbose (Precose)

Anti-hyperglycemic -prevents sugar from

going up. Take w/ firstbite of food.

Inhibits carb digestionand absorption,

thereby decreasingthe postprandial rise

in blood glucose

GI symptoms: flatulence,cramps, abd distention. If

treated hypoglycemiamust use glucose tablets

or milk

Contraindicated in pts w/chronic intestinal

problems, liver cirrhosisor serum creatinine

levels greater than 2.0(kidney problems)

Aminoglycosides Gentamicin(Garamycin) IV, IM

*aminoglycosides,Parental therapy-

serious infections, POtherapy- local affects,

GI tract, TopicalTherapy-ear, eye, &

skin

Bacerialcidal (áconcentraction) >

rapidly infection willclear Aerobic Gram-Bacterial Inhibitor of

protein synthesis,Narrow spectrum

ototoxicity, interpatientvariation,

Nephrotoxicity

PCN (inactivates)Cephalosporins &

Vacomycin, ototoxicdrugs, nephrotoxic

drugs, skeletal musclerelaxants ( respiratory

arrest)

Amylin Mimetic Pramlintide acetate(Symlin)

Anti-hyperglycemic -prevents sugar from

going up. Type 1 or Type2

Used in conjunctionw/insulin. ↓ gastric

emptying, prevents ↑postprandial glucose;

and ↑ satiety → ↓food intake and

potential weight loss

When administered w/insulin → ↑↑ risk of

hypoglycemia (within 3hrs of injection)

Oral drugs should betaken 1 hr before

injection or 2 hrs afterbecause Symlin can

delay absorption

Angina Pectoris Nitroglyerine angina vasodilatorheadached, orthostatic

hypotension, reflextachycardia, dizziness

hypotensives, PDE5inhibitors (Viagra, Cialis,Levitra), beta blockers,

verapmil, diltiazem

AngiogenesisInhibitor Bevacizumab (Avastin)

metastic cancer of thecolon or rectum, HER-2

negative breastcancer, nonsquamous

non-small cell lungcancer

Prevents VEGF frompromoting new

vessel formation

GI perforation,disruption of woundhealing, pulmonary

hemorrhage,thromboembolism,

hypertension

Anti tuberculosis Rifampin (rifapentine,rifandin) PO,IV TB, Leprosy

BacterialcidalGram+ & Gram-inhibits suppress

RNA proteinsynthesis

Hepatotoxicitydiscoloration of bodyfluids (red-orange)

decrease the effects ofother drugs: PO

contraceptives, warfin,HIV drugs

Anti tuberculosis INH (Isoniazid) PO, IM Treatment andprophylaxis of TB

Active (drug combo)(bacterialcidal) or

Latent TB(adminalone)

(bacteriostatic)

Peripheral neuropathy,(paresthesias (tingling,

numblin))Hepatotoxicity (signs of

hepatotoxicity:anorexia, malaise,fatigue, nausea,

jaundice.)

Phenytoin, alcohol,rifampin, pyrazinamide

Anti tuberculosis Pyrazinamide PO TB Antimicrobialactivity

Hepatotoxicity (ascitesb/g sign of liver failure hepatotoxic

Anti-Cancer Fluorouracil (PyrimidineAnalog) IV

Solid tumors Pallativecarcinomas of the

colon, rectum, breast,stomach, and pancreas

inhibits thymidylatesynthetase, Phase

non-specific

Bone marrowsuppression

(neutopenia) PO and GIulceration, Stomatitis,

diarrhea, alopecia,Hyperpigmentation,neurologic deficits

Anti-Cancer Leuprolide (Lupron) Prostate cancerGnRH agonists

suppress productionof androgens by the

testes

hot flashes, loss oflibido, bone pain,

urinary obstruction,osteoporosis

Anti-CancerCisplatin

*Platinum Compound(Plantinol-AQ) IV

Anti-cancer drugmetastatic, testicular,

ovarian, advancedbladder

Kills cells primarily byforming cross links b/t

and with strands ofDNA

kidney damage, nauseaand vomiting,

neurotoxicity, bonemarrow suppression,ototoxicity (tinnitus &

hearing loss)

amifostine (used toprotect kidney from renel

damage)

Anti-CancerCytoxan

(cyclophosphamide) POwith food, IV

*Alkylating agents,Cancers

inhibition of DNAreplication

Bone marrowsuppression: severe

nausea, vomiting, andalopecia: acute

hemorrhagic cystitis:renal damage; sterility;

immunosuppresent,hypersensitivity reactions

amifostine (used toprotect kidney from renel

damage)

Anti-Cholinergic Atropine

Hypotension, Asthma,Biliary colic,

Bradycardia, PepticUlcers, Disorders of the

eye, MuscarinicAgonist, Poisoning

Intestinal, HypertoncityHypermotility

MuscarinicAntagonist, Blocks

Ach

xerostomia(dry mouth),Blurred vision andphotophobia, áIOP,Urinary retention,

Constipation,Anhidrosis (↓sweating),Tachycardia, Asthma,

(thick and dry bronchialsecrections)

contraindicated byglaucoma patients and

monitor asthmapatients,

Antihistamines,phenothiazine,

antipsychotics, TCA

Anticoagulant Enoxaparin (Lovenox) AnticoagulantHelp antithrombininactivate clotting

factors

Hemorrhage,Thrombocytopenia(reduced platelets),

increased thromboticevents, neurologic injury

aspirin

Anticoagulant Heparin, IV, SubQ anticoagulant, veniousthrombi,

Help antithrombininactivate clotting

factors Xa

hemorrhage,thrombocytopenia

(reduced platelets),increased thrombotic

events, bleeding

same as atropin?

Anticoagulant Warfarin (Coumadin)only oral anticoagulant

anticoagulant, veniousthrombi, PO

antagoinst ofVitamin K hemorrhage

heparin, aspirin,acetaminophen(increased INR)

AntidysrhythmicDrugs Amiodarone

recurrent ventricularfibrillation, recurrent

hemodynamicallyunstable ventricular

tachycardia

delays repolarization,blockade, k channels,decrease automatcity

in sanode,contractility,conduction

pulmonary toxicity, cardiotoxicity, toxicity pregnant

and breastfeeding,corneal micro deposits,

nausea

AntidysrhythmicDrugs Lidocaine (Xylocaine) antidysrhythmia

dromotropic, reduceautomaticity,

acceleraterepolarization

drowsiness, confusion,parasthesias, convulsions,

respiratory arrest

Antiepileptic Phenytoin (Dilantin) Epilepsy, Dysrhythmias Selective sodiumchannel inhibition

CNS effects, Gingivalhyperplasia, skin rash,

teratogen, dysrhythmias,hypotension, Hirsutism,

rickets and osteomalacia(Vitamin D), bleedingtendancy in newborns

(Vitamin K), liver damage

Hepatic Metabolism(Warfarin, oralcontraceptives,

Glucocorticoids), CNSDepressants

Antiestrogens Raloxifene (Evista) Breast Cancer Block EstrogenReceptors

Hot flashes, fluidretention, vaginaldischarge, nausea,

vomitting, menstrualirregularities.Difference b/t

Tamoxifen: REDUCEDDVT,PE,stroke, DOES

NOT CAUSEendometrial cancer

drugs that induce orinhibit CYP3A4

(phenytoin,carbamazepine)

erythromycin

Antiestrogens Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)PO *Breast Cancer Blocks estrogen

receptors

Hot flashes, fluidretention, vaginaldischarge, nausea,

vomitting, menstrualirregularities.Difference b/t

Tamoxifen: REDUCEDDVT,PE,stroke,

endometrial cancer

drugs that induce orinhibit CYP3A4

(phenytoin,carbamazepine)

erythromycin

AntimetabolitesMethotrexate

(antimetabolites) PO,IV,IM

women withchoriocarcinoma, non-hodgkins lymphomas,

acute lymphocyticleukemia of childhood

interfere with folicacid

bone marrowsuppression, pulmonaryinfiltrates and fibosis,and or GI ulceration,

Kidney Damage

Antiplatelet Aspirin (Arterial Thrombi)

MI, inflammation,hyperpyremia, pain,

suppress plateletaggregation,

dysmenorrhea, cancerprevention, alzheimer'sprevention, thromboticevents, ischemic stroke

irreverisible inhibitsCOX-1 and COX-2

GI effects, bleeding, renalimpairment, salicylism,

Reye's syndrome,hypersensitivity reactions

Warfarin, glucocorticoids,alcohol, ibuprofen,

heparin

Anti-TB Ethambutol TB Bacteriostatic activeagainst mybacteria

optic neuritis (blurredvision, constriction of

visual field, disturbance ofcolor)

hepatotoxic

Antithyroid Popylthiouracil (Propyl-Thyracil)

Alone - Graves', adjuctionto radiation, in prep forthyroid sx, thyrotoxic

crisis

Supresses thyroidhormone synthesis

Rare, agranulocytosis;hyptothyroidism. Rash -

commonN/A

Anti-Tumor Doxorubin (Adriamycin)*Antitumor Antibiotics IV

Neoplastic disease Solidtumors and disseminated

cancers

Slip b/t pairs of DNAintercalation (distorts

DNA)

Cardiotoxicity (acute &delayed injury to heart)lasting no more than 2

weeks) nausea &vomiting, Extravasation,Red color to urine andsweat, Bone marrow

suppression, Neutropenia,Thrombocytopenia,

Anemia

ARB's (angiotensionII receptor blocker) Losartan (Cozaar)

hypertension(nephropathy in type 2

diabetes)

ARB, Vasodilation,drop BP, block action

of Angiotensin IIangioedema hypotensives

AromataseInhibitor Anastrozole (Arimidex) Postmenopausal, ER-

positive breast cancerinhibits aromatase(reduces estrogen)

asthenia, nausea,headache, hot flushes

BCR-ABL TyrosineKinease Inhibitor Imatinib (Gleevec) CML (chronic myeloid

leukemia)

BCR-ABL TyrosineKinease Inhibitor(Highly specific

drug)

nausea, vomiting,diarrhea, rash,

headache, fever,fatigue, muscle cramps,

muscle pain

CYP3A4

BenzodiazepineBenzodiazepines:

Diazepam (Valium);Alprazolam (Xanax);Lorazepam (Ativan)

Anxiety, Insomnia,Seizures, Muscle spasm,alcohol withdrawal, panicdisorder, periopratively

Potentiate GABA

CNS depression,Anterograde amnesia,

paradoxical effects,resipiratory depression,

abuse, weakness,headache, blurred vision,

Hypertension cardiacarrest

CNS depressants

BiguanideMetformin (Glucophage,

Glucophage XR -administer @ night)

Anti-hyperglycemic -prevents sugar from

going up. Prevention ofDM

↓ glucose productionby the liver, ↑ tissueresponse to insulin.

(Keeps glucose in theliver, ↑ insulin

sensitivity, ↓ TG, LDL& total chol, ↑ HDL,promote weight loss)

GI symptoms: decreasedappetite, N,D, lactic

acidosis (medicalemergency, rare)

↑ ETOH → ↑ toxicity, donot administer if client is

undergoing testingw/iodinated contrast

media, check renal statusafter 48 hrs

Cardiac glycosidesDigital's Digoxin

(Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps,Digitek

Heart Failure,Dysrhythmias

Positive Inotropicincrease force

contraction

Decreased sympathetictone, increased urineproduction, decreasedrenin, dysrhythmias,

hypokalemia, anorexia,fatigue, blurry vision

Diuretics, ACEIs, ARBs,Sympathomimetics,Quinidine, Verapamil

Catecholamines Epinephrine(Adrenalin)

Anaphylaxis, Cardiacarrest, Control of

superficial bleeding,Nasal decongestion,Delay anesthesia,

Absorption

Adrenergic Agonist(Alpha 1, Alpha 2,

Beta 1, Beta 2)

Reflex Bradycardia,Hypertensive crisis,

(increase BP-Vasoconstriction),

Cerebral Hemorrhage,dysrhythmias, Angina,

Necrosis(extravasations),Hyperglycemia,

Tachycardia

MAOI, TCA, GA, AlphaBlockers,

(Phentolamine), Betablockers (inderal)

watch patients withhyperthyroidism,

cardiac dysrhythmias,hypertension,

diabetics, angina

Catecholamines Norepinephrine(levophed) IV only

hyoptensive states,cardiac arrest

Adrenergic Agonist(Alpha 1, Alpha 2,Beta 1 DOES NOTACTIVATE BETA 2

Tachydysrhythmias,angina, hypertension,local necrosis, reflex

bradycardia, (does notcause hyperglycemia

because limited beta 2action

Anti Depressant, MAOI,TCA, GA, adrenergic

blockers

Catecholamines Dopamine (Intropin)Shock, Heart failure,Acute Renal failure,

give IV only

Beta 1, Dopamine,At high dose Alpha

1

Tachycardia,dysrhythmias, angina

MAOI (decrease 90%),TCA, GA, necrosis(extravasation),

Diuretics-complements

Catecholaminessynthetic

Dopbutamine(Dubutrex)

Heart Failure (shortterm tx) IV only beta 1 Tachycardia,

dysrhythmias MAOI, TCA, GA

CCB's (calciumchannel blockers)

Diltiazem (Cardizem,Cartia XT, Dilacor XR,

Diltia XT, Tiazac)Hypertension, Angina,

DysrhythmiasCalcium Channel

Blocker

Less constipation,dizziness, flushing,

headache, edema, cardiacdysfunction

Digoxin

CCB's (calciumchannel blockers)

Verapamil (Calan,Isoptin, Coveratls)

angina pectoris, essentialhypertension, cardiac

dysrhythmias, migraine

block calciumchannels, beta 1,

vasodilation,

constipation, bradycardia,decreased contractility,AV block, dysfunction

Digoxin, beta blockers

CephalosporinsCefaclor, Cefadroxil,Cefazolin, Cefdinir,

Cefditoren, Loracarbef,Cephradrine) PO, IV, IM

Variety of infectionsAlternative to PCN mild

allergic reaction

Bacteriocidal Gram +& Gram - Weakens

cell wall broadspectrum

allergic reactions (cross-sensitivity to PCN)Hypersensitivity,

Bleeding,Thrombophlebitis, AAPMC,

Milk-ProteinHypersensitivity,

Carnitine Deficiency

Probenecid Alcohol Drugthat promotes bleeding

CephalosporinsVancomycin

(Vancocin) IV,PO (onlyfor GI Infection

Serious infections, Ptsallergic to beta-lactam

antibiotics, MRSA

BacterialcidalGRAM+ Inhibits cell

wall synthesis

Ototoxicity, Too fast:tachycardia,

hypotension, flushing,rash, purities, Pink or

cloudy urine(nephrotoxicity)

Diuretics Furosemide (Lasix)pulmonary edema (et.

al.), hypertension,increases urine output,

prevent renal failure

thick segment ofascending limb (blocksolute reabsorption),

best action

hyponatruemia,hypochloremia,

dehydration, hypotension,hypokalemia, ototoxicity,hyperglycemia, increases

LDL, decreases HDL

Digoxin, potassiumsupplements, Lithium,

NSAIDs

Diuretics Mannitol (Osmitrol) prophylaxis of renalfailure, ICP

diuresis in nephronlumen

edema, headache,nausea, vomiting

Diuretics Spironolactone(Aldactone)

hypertension, edema,best for decreases

mortality, increase urineoutput, blocks

adolsterone receptors,prevent renal failure

aldosterone blocker(in distal nephron)

hyperkalemia,gynecomastia

Thiazide and LoopDiuretics, IncreasesPotassium Agents

DRI's (direct renininhibitors) Aliskiren (Tekturna) hypertension

binds renin, reducesRAAS influence,

prevents formation ofaniotension I,

shutsdown RAAS,vasodilation

angioedema & cough,gastrointestinal effects,

hyperkalemia, (KIncreases), fetal injury

and death

CYP3A4, Atorvastatim

DRI's (direct renininhibitors) Eplerenone (Inspra) hypertension, heart

failurealdosterone

antagonist(selective),shuts down RAAS

hyperkalemia, headache,nausea

potassium supplements,CYP3A4 inhibitors

Fluoroquinolones Cipro PO, IV,ciprofloxan

Fluoroquinolones,Infections: Respiratory,UTI, GI, bones, joints,skin, soft tissue and

anthrax. **Preferred drugfor prevention

Bacteriocidal inhibitsbacterial DNA Gyrase

Broad-Spectrum

GI NVD, (pain) CNS(dizziness,headache,

restlessness) Candida(pharynx & Vagina)

Tendon Rupture (<18contraindicated)

Cationic compounds:Aluminum ( or Mg

containing antacids) Iron& Zinc salts, sucralfate,

milk (dairy products)Theophylline, Warfin

Glinides Repaglinide (Prandin) Hypoglycemic

Promote insulinsecretion by the

pancreas. Admin 15mins before meal, no

later than 30 minsafter

Hypoglycemia Gemfibrozil, drug used tolower TG's

Gliptins Sitagliptin (Januvia)Anti-hyperglycemic -prevents sugar from

going up.

Enhances the activityof incretions (byinhibiting their

breakdown), andthereby ↑ insulinrelease, reduces

glucagon release, and↓ hepatic glucose

production

headache, respitatorytract infection N/A

Glucagon Glucagon Treat hypoglycemia frominsulin overdose.

Hormone thatinreases plasmalevels of glucose.Opposite effect of

insulin

N, V, place pt on sideafter admin N/A

Glucocorticoids Prenisone

Replacement therapy(adrenalcortical

insuffuency) RA, SLE, IBD,Mild allergic reactions,Asthma, Skin dieases,

Neoplasms, supression ofskin graft rejection.

↑ glucose by promotingsymthesis from amino

acids; ↓ proteinsynthesis; ↓ swelling,warmth, redness, pain

Adrenal insuffiency;osteoporosis; infection;

gluose intolerance;myopathy; fluid/elect

disturbance; cataracts;glucoma; PUD; iatrogenic

Cushing's dx

Digoxin; Lasix; NSAIDS;hypoglycemia; vaccines

HematopoieticGrowth Factor

Filgrastim (Neupogen)IV, Sub Q

Cancer,Myelosuppressive

Chemotherapy, SevereChronic Neutropenia

increase productionof neutrophils,

fights infection andcancer

Bone pain, leukocytosis

Hypertension Sodium Nitroprusside(Nitropress) Heart Failure

Vasdilation (arteriolardilation: decreasesafterload and C.O.;

venodilation:decrease venous

pressure, pulmonaryand peripheral

congestion

hypotension, cyanidepoisoning, thiocyanate

toxicityhypotensives

ImmunostimulantInterferon Alfa-2a &interferon Alfa-2b

*immunostimulant IM,IV,SQ

Blood cancers Acuteleukemia's, cancers ofthe bladder, ovary and

kidney

enhancement ofhost immune

responses Directantiproliferative

effects on cancercells

Flu-like symptoms(fever,fatigue, myalgia,headache, and chills)Anorexia, weight loss,diarrhea, abdominalpain, dizziness, andcough, bone marrowsuppression, thyroid

dysfunction, alopecia,cardiotoxicity, and

neurotoxicity (causingfatigue and depression)

Incretin Mimetic Exenatide (Byetta) Hypoglycemia

↑ control of glucose inclients taking

metformin or asulfonylurea, slowsgastric emptying,

stimulates glucose-dependent release of

insulin

hypoglycemiaGI drugs, not FDA

approved to take w/insulin

Leukotriene Singulair, Zyflo, Accolate Asthma SupressesLeukotrienes

Macrolides Erythromycin ( E-mycin)*macrolides, PO, IV

Common antimicrobial,**treatment of choice for

several infections,pneumonia, and allergic

to PCN G

Bacterialstatc Gram+& Gram -, Inhibitsprotein synthesis,

Bacterialcidial in highconcentrations, Broad

spectrum

GI effects (NVD, GI pain),Tooth staining, long bone

growth suppression,hepatotoxic, QT

prolongation and suddencardiac death,

suprainfection of bowel ,Thrombopheblitis,

transient hearing loss

Theophylline,carbamazepine, Warfin,

chloramphenicol,clindamycin, verapamil,diltiazem, HIV proteaseinhibitors, azole anti-

fungals

Methlzanthines Theophylline-IV Theodur-PO Asthma Bronchodilation (relax

smooth muscle) caffeine symptomsdecreases theophylline

(Phenobarbital), dilantin,rifampin, increases cipro,

cimetidine

Mitotic Inhibitors Paclitaxel (Taxol) IV Overian cancer & nonsmall cell lung cancer

inhibiting celldivision

Severe hypersensitivityreactions (hypotension,dyspnea, angioedema,urticaria) rash & hives,

bone marrowsuppression, peripheral

neuropathy

Glucocorticoid(histamine receptor)

Mitotic InhibitorsVincristine (Oncovin)

*Mitotic InhibitorsVinca Alkaloids IV

Bone Marrow sparingused in combo withanti cancer drugs

Block mitosis duringmetaphase M-phasespecific to prevent

cell divison

Peripheral neuropathyANS (constipation &urinary hesitancy)

Non-catecholamines

Lopressor (Metoprolol)second generation

Hypertension, Angina,MI, Heart Failure

AdrenergicAntagonist,

Cardioselective betablocker (beta 1)

Crosses blood brainbarrier

Bradycardia, ↓C.O., AVheartblock, ReboundCardiac excitation (ifwithdrawal abruptly)

may mask tachycardia

safer than propranololfor asthma, diabetic, or

allergy patients

Non-catecholamines

Propranlol (Inderal)first generation

Hypertension,dysrhythmias, angina,

MI, heart failure,Hyperthyroidism,

Migraine, stage fright-brop beta1 stim.Glaucoma-drop

pressure

AdrenergicAntagonist, Beta

blocker (non-selective Beta 1 and

Beta 2

Heart Failure, AV block,Sinus arrest,Hypotension,

Bronchospasm

contraindicatedw/severe allergies or

diabetes(Calcium channelblockers), Insulin

NonradioactiveIodine Lugol's Soultion Hyperthyroidism; in

preparation for thyroidectomy

↓ Iodine uptake bythyroid; inhibit thyroidhormone synthesis; ↓

circulating levels of T3 &T4

Iodism; OD abd pain, V, D N/A

NRTI

Zidovudine (Retrovir)(AZT) *Antiviral Agents

II: drugs for HIVinfection (Nucleoside

Reverse TranscriptaseInhibitor)

HIV infection

suppressingsynthesis of viralDNA Nucleoside

Reversetranscriptase

inhibitor

Anemia & neutropeniafrom bone marrowsuppression. Lactic

acidosis with hepaticstenosis, GI, CNS

Myelosuppresive,nephrotoxic, orerythrocytotoxic

Opiods

Opiods: Morphine,Fentanyl (100%

morphine), Hyrdocodone(Vicodin, Lortab),

Meperidine (Demerol)

Pain

Mu opoid receptoractivation, analgesia

respiratorydepression, euphoria

sedation

Respiratory depression(MOST SERIOUS),

baroreceptor reflex,constipation, orthostatic

hypotension, urinaryretention/hesitancy,

cough suppression, bilirycolic emesis, Increases

ICP (intercranialpressure),

euphoria/dysphoria,sedation, miosis (pupil

constriction), neurtoxicity,hormone/immune function

changes

CNS Depressants(barbiturates,

benzodiazepines,alcohol), anticholinergics

(antihistamines, TCA,atropine),

antihypotensives, MAOI,Antiemetics, Narcan

Opiods Antagonist Narcan (Naloxone)Opiod OD, Reverse GA,Reverse Neonatal resp.

depressionBlock opiod receptors

(Antagonist)

Oxazolidinones Zyvox (Linezolid) PO,IV MRSA, VRE

BacterialstaticGRAM+ inhibit

protein synthesis

BONE MARROW,diarrhea, nausea,

vomitting, headache,suppression. (CBC wkly)

MAOI, SSRI's,Tyramine, Salami,

Bologna, cheese, beer,wine, smoked meat,sausage, pepperoni,

soup, soy sauce,bananas (HTN crisis)

Penicillin PCN Benzylpenicillin(PCN G) PO,lV,IM

Bacterial infectionsGram+ (except

penicilinase-producingstaph), Gram- cocci,

anaerobic bacteria andspirochetes

bacterialcidalGram+ & Gram-weakens cell wallNarrow-Spectrum

Allergic reaction,Injection site pain,

prolonged sensory andmotor dysfunction,

Neurotoxicity Rash oranaphylactic

Aminoglycosides,probenecid,

bacteriostaticantibiotics

RAAS (reninangiotensin

aldosterone system)Captopril

hypertension, heartfailure, MI and CVA,

nephropathy

ACE inhibitor, blockingformation on

angiotension II

persistent cough, 1st dosehypontension,angioedema,

hyperkalemia, renalfailure, rash,lost taste,

neutropenia

diuretics, (1st dosehypotension), potassium

supplements, lithium,NSAIDs

Radioactive Iodine Iodine 131 Graves' Destroy thyroid tissue Delay hyptothyroidism N/A

SSRI's (selectiveserotonin reuptake

inhibitors)Prozac (Fluoxetine) Depression, OCD, bulimia

nervosa, PMSSSRI (Selective

Serotonin ReuptakeInhibitor)

Sexual dysfunction,weight gain, serotoninsyndrome, withdrawal,EPS, bruxism, bleeding(impede platelet agg.),

hyponatremia, dizziness,fatigue, rash

MAOI, Warfarin, TCA,Lithium

Statins Atorvastain (Lipitor)

hypercholesterolemia,CV, diabetes, alzheimer's,

kidney disease, MS,macular degeneration,glaucoma, RA, weakbones, cancer, most

effective for lowering LDL

decreases LDL,increases HDL,

reduces inflammation,suppress thrombin

myopathy/rhabdomyolysis,hepatotoxicity, peripheral

neuropathyfibrates, antifungals,

grapefruit juice

SulfdnamideBactrim, Septra

Trimethoprim (TMP)-Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)

TMP-SMZ PO, IV

UTI (chronic & recurrent)Pneumocystis carinii

infections (PCP) -Prophylaxis for HIV &

AIDS

Inhibits folic acid

Nausea, vomiting, rash,steven-johnsons

syndrome, renal damage,headache, depression,

hallucinations,hyperkalemia

Warfarin, Phenytoin

SulfdnamidesSulfisoxazole

*sulfonamides andtrimethoprim

UTIBacterialstaticGRAM- inhibit

synthesis of folicacid

Hypersensitivity (rash,fever, photosen,Stevens-Johnson

syndrome (lesions),Hematologic effects(anemia) especiallyMediterraneans &blacks, crystalluria

Warfin,Phenytoin,Diuretics,

Hypoglycemic

Sulfonylureas Glipizide (Glucotrol) Hypoglycemic - do notgive to pt w/Sulfa allergy

Promote insulinsecretion by the

pancreas; may also ↑tissue response to

insulin

Hypoglycemia - eat mealsat same time - give 30

mins before,cardiotoxicity, GI upset

ETOH, drugs that ↑hypoglycemia, Beta

Blockers

Tetracyclines Tetracyclines

Infectious disease(broad spectrum

antibiotic) acne, pepticulcer disease,

periodontal disease

bacteriostaticinhibit protein

synthesis, broadspectrum

GI irritation,suprainfection,

Hepatotoxicity, bonegrowth suppression,teeth staining, renal

toxicity,photosensitivity

Milk, Ca, Iron,Laxatives, (containing

Mg) dairy, antacids

Thiazides Hydrochlorothiazide(Hydrodiuril)

essential hypertension,hypertension edema,

diabetes insididus

increase urineproduction, blocksreabsorption of Na-

Chloride

Hyponatruemia,hypochloremia,

dehydration,hypokalemia,

hyperglycemia,hyperuricema, increases

LDL

increases toxicity,Digoxin, NSAIDs

Thrombolytic Drugs Alteplase (TPA) MI, Pulmonary Embolism,Ischemicstroke Plasminogen plasma Increased Intercrannial

Bleeding

Thyroid Hormone Levothyroxine(Synthroid) hypothyrodism Converts T4 → T3 Rare, acuto OD

Thyrotoxicosis

↓ absoprtion: Food, CaSupps, Maalox; Mylanta,Fe Supp, ↑ absorption

Dilantin, Tegretol,Rifampin; Warfarin;

Catecholamines