INTRODUCTION

Florence Nightingale is credited with founding modern nursing and creating

the first educational system for nurses. After hospitals came into existence in Western

Europe, and prior to the influence of Florence Nightingale, hospital care was given by women

such as prisoners and prostitutes, who were held very low regard by the society. These

women learned to give care by doing it. There was no organized programme to educate

nurses.

Florence Nightingale stressed that nursing was not a domestic, charitable

service but a respected occupation requiring advanced education. She opened a School of

Nursing at St. Thomas Hospital, London, in 1860 and established basic principles for the

school.

PATTERN OF NURSING EDUCATION AND

TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA

Nursing Council Act came to existence in 1948 to constitute a council of

nurses who would safe guard the quality of nursing education in the country. The mandate

was to establish and maintain uniform standards of nursing education. Today, Indian

nursing council is a statutory body that regulates nursing education in the country through

prescription, inspection, examination, certification and maintaining its stands for a uniform

syllabus at each level of nursing education. The strive for maintenance of a uniform

standards and pattern of nursing education has curbed creative development and

experiments for expansion of nursing in to newer horizons of nursing education.

There are seven levels of nursing education in India today. They are:

Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery (ANM) or Multi Purpose Health Worker-

Female (MPHW-F)

General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM)

Basic Bachelor of Nursing (B.Sc. Nursing)

Post Basic Bachelor of Nursing (P.B.B.Sc. Nursing)

Masters in Nursing (M.Sc. Nursing)

Masters of Philosophy in Nursing (M.Phil)

Doctorate in Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D)

The ANM and GNM courses are conducted in schools of nursing. Rest of the

programmes is university level courses and the respective universities conduct the

examinations. Beside there are several certificated and diploma courses in specialties.

AUXILIARY NURSING AND MIDWIFERY (ANM) OR

MULTI PURPOSE HEALTH WORKER- FEMALE (MPHW-F)

The ANM training was for 2 years and mainly covered maternal and child care

and family welfare. In keeping with the policies of the Government of India to have

multipurpose health workers, the Indian Nursing Council revised the ANM’s syllabus in 1977

and reduced the duration to 18 months. The focus of training is on community health nursing.

In some states, nursing is offered at the higher secondary school level or after

class ten as part of vocational training. The employment opportunities are that can work as

multipurpose health workers. The minimum qualification for teaching is B.Sc. (N) and

M.Sc. (N) candidates are preferable.

To provide clinical experience in fundamentals of nursing, medical surgical

nursing and maternal and child health nursing, institutions should have with general hospital

with a minimum of 160 beds covering all the general conditions.

Objectives:

General:

At the end of the training programme, the student health worker should

demonstrate ability to plan and carry out job responsibilities assigned to her under the

multipurpose worker scheme.

Specific:

Perform basic health care activities in community and institutional setting

Plan and carry out nutrition and health education activities in the home, clinic

and community

Provide immunization services, family health care and family planning

services.

Participate in prevention and control of communicable disease, promote

environmental sanitation.

Promote community development activities.

Duration:

Training duration is 18 months (1 ½ years)

INC Norms for ANM:

Minimum Standard Requirements:

A school for training of the ANMs should be located in a community health

centre (PHC annex) or a rural Hospital having minimum bed strength of 30

and maximum 50 and serving an area with community health programmes.

The school should also be affiliated to a district hospital or a secondary care

hospital in order to provide experiences of secondary level health care and an

extensive gynae-obstetrical care.

An organization having a hospital with 150 beds with minimum 30-50

obstetrics and gynecology beds, and 100 delivery cases monthly can also open

ANM School. They should also have an affiliation of PHC/CHC for the

Community Health Nursing field experience.

Existing ANM schools attached to District hospitals should have PHC annex

(accommodation facility for 20-30 students) for community health field

experience.

Physical Facilities:

Office Room 1

Classroom 2

Nursing Laboratory 1

Nutrition Laboratory 1

Library cum Study 1

Audio Visual Aids room 1

Clinical Facilities:

School has to be affiliated to district hospital or a secondary care hospital with minimum 150 beds

Bed occupancy on the average to be between 60% - 70%

Teaching Facility: (Teaching faculty for 20-40 annual admission)

Category Minimum qualification and experience

PrincipalM.Sc. Nursing with 3 years of exp or B.Sc. (N) with 5

years of teaching experience

Nursing Tutor

B.Sc. Nursing/Diploma in Nursing Education &

Administration/Diploma in Public Health Nursing with 2

years clinical experience

GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY (GNM)In 1918,

Diploma Nursing Programme has been started in Lady School of Nursing. The International

Council of Nurses believes that a basic in nursing should prepare nurses for first level

positions in nursing both in the hospital and community. It gives importance for restoring and

maintaining health, and in preventing disease and also helps to develop a deep pride in the

nursing profession among students to enable further professional growth.The general nursing

and midwifery course is conducted in 477 centers in the country. The syllabus has undergone many

revisions according to the change in the health plans and policies of the Government and changing

trends and advancements in general education, nursing health sciences and medical technology. The

latest revision of syllabus by INC in 2004 has increased the duration of the course from three year to

three and half year. The basic entrance has become intermediate or class 12 instead of earlier class

10. Both science and arts students are eligible. The focus of general nursing education is the care of

sick in the hospital. Schools of nursing are generally attached to teaching hospitals. Three Board

examinations are conducted, one at the end of each year. On passing the candidates are registered

as registered nurse and mid –wife by the respective state nursing councils.Philosophy:The Indian

Nursing Council believes that the basic course in nursing is a formal educational preparation which

should be based on sound education principles. The council recognizes that the program as the

foundation on which the practice of nursing is built and on which depends further professional

education. It also recognizes its responsibility to the society for the continued development of

student as individual nurse and citizens.Purpose:The purpose of general nursing programme is to

prepare general nurse who will function as member of the health team beginning with competence

for first level position in both hospital and community. The programme is generated to the health

needs of the society, the community and the individual and will assist nurses in their personal and

professional development so that they may take their maximum contribution to the society as

individual citizens and nurses.Objectives:Demonstrate awareness of and skills required in the

nursing process in the provision of health care and nursing of patients

Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities biological and behavioral

sciences in carrying out health care and nursing activities and functions.

Show sensitivity and skill in human relationship and communication in his or

her daily works

Demonstrate skill in the problem solving methods in nursing.

Gain knowledge of health resources in the community and the country

Demonstrate skill in leadership

Demonstrate awareness of necessity of belonging to professional

organizations.

Promotion of health, precaution against illness, restoration of health and

rehabilitation.

Eligibility:

Age for the entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years, provided they meet the

minimum educational requirement i.e. 12 years of schooling.

Minimum education all students should pass 12 classes or its equivalent,

preferably with science subjects

Admission of students shall be once a year.

Students should be medically fit.

The selection committee should comprise tutors, nurse administrators, and

educationalist/psychologist. The principal of the school shall be the

chairperson.

Training programme:

The course in general nursing shall be of three and half years duration as

follows- two years practice in general nursing , one year  community health nursing and

midwifery and six months internship which includes nursing administration and nursing

research classes. There will be alternate course for male students in lieu of midwifery. The

ANM who wishes to undertake general nursing course will not be given any concessions.

The maximum hours per week per students shall be 36 hours, which includes instructions

and clinical field experiences.

INC Norms for GNM:

Physical Facilities:

Teaching Block

S. No. Teaching Block Area (Sq. ft.)

1 Lecture Hall 4 @ 1080 = 4320

(i) Nursing foundation lab 1500

(ii) CHN 900

(iii) Nutrition 900

(iv) OBG and pediatrics lab 900

(v) Pre-clinical science lab 900

(vi) Computer lab 1500

2 Multipurpose Hall 3000

3 Common room 2000

4 Staff room 1000

5 Principal room 300

6 Vice principal room 200

7 Library 2400

8 A.V aids room 600

9 One room for each Head of Departments 800

10 Faculty room 2400

11 Provisions for toilets 1000

Total 23720 Sq. Ft.

Hostel Block

S. No. Hostel Block Area (Sq. Ft.)

1 Single room 24000

Double room

2 Sanitary One latrine and bathroom(for

5 students)- 500

3 Visitor room 500

4 Reading room 250

5 Store room 500

6 Recreation room 500

7 Dining hall 3000

8 Kitchen & store 1500

Total 30750 Sq. Ft.

Proportionately the size of the built-up area will increase according to the number of students

admitted.

Clinical Facilities

School of Nursing should have a 120-150 bedded parent/affiliated hospitals for 40 annual

intakes in each programme:

Distribution of beds in different areas

Medical - 30

Surgical - 30

Obst. & Gynaecology - 30

Pediatrics - 20

Ortho - 10

Bed occupancy of the hospital should be minimum 75%

The size of the hospital/nursing home for affiliation should not be less than 50 beds

Other specialities/facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:

Major OT

Minor OT

Dental

Eye/ENT

Burns and plastic

Neonatology with nursery

Communicable disease

Community Health Nursing

Cardiology

Oncology

Neurology/Neuro-surgery

Nephrology

ICU/ICCU

Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds

The nursing staffing norms in the affiliated hospital should be as per the INC norms

Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms

1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.

Teaching Facility:

Category Qualification and experience

Principal M.Sc. Nursing with 3 years of teaching experience or B. Sc

Nursing (Basic)/Post Basic with 5 years of teaching experience

Vice-Principal M.Sc. Nursing or B.Sc. Nursing Basic/post basic with 3 years of

teaching experience

Tutor M.Sc. Nursing or B.Sc. Nursing(Basic/Post Basic) or Diploma in

nursing education and administration with 2 years of professional

experience

BASIC BACHELOR OF NURSING (B.Sc. NURSING)

Graduate nursing education started in India in the year 1946 in CMC, Vellore

and in the RAK College of nursing at Delhi University. At present several universities in

India offer the course.

Eligibility:

A candidate seeking admission should have:

Pass the 2 year of pre university exam or equivalent as recognized by

concerned university with science subjects i.e. Physics, biology and

chemistry.

Students of vocational courses

Obtained at least 45%of total marks in science subjects in the qualifying

exam, if belongs to a scheduled caste or tribe, should have obtained not less

than 40 % of total marks in science subjects.

Completed 17 years of age at the time of admission or will complete this age

on or before 31st December of the year of admission

Is medically fit

Objectives:

The programme is designed:

To provide a balance of professional and general education

To enable a student to become a professional nurse practitioner who has self

direction and is a responsible citizen.

Through planned guided experiences students are provided with opportunities to

develop:

A broad concept of the fundamental principles of nursing care  based on

sound knowledge and satisfactory levels of skill in providing care to people

of all ages in community or institutional setting

Understanding of the application of principles from the physical biological

and social sciences for assessing the health status

Ability to investigate health care problems systematically

Ability to work collaboratively with members of allied disciplines towards

attaining optimum health for all members of the society

Understanding of fundamental principles of administration and organization

of nursing service

Understanding of human behaviour and appreciation of effective

interpersonal relationship with individuals families and groups

Ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning

Appreciation of professional attitudes necessary for leadership roles in

nursing appreciation of social and ethical obligations to society.

Course of study:

The course of study leading to bachelor of nursing degree comprises 4

academic years.

INC Norms for B.Sc. Nursing

Physical Facilities:

Teaching Block

S. No. Teaching Block Area (Sq. ft.)

1 Lecture Hall 4 @ 1080 = 4320

(vii) Nursing foundation lab 1500

(viii) CHN 900

(ix) Nutrition 900

(x) OBG and pediatrics lab 900

(xi) Pre-clinical science lab 900

(xii) Computer lab 1500

2 Multipurpose Hall 3000

3 Common room 2000

4 Staff room 1000

5 Principal room 300

6 Vice principal room 200

7 Library 2400

8 A.V aids room 600

9 One room for each Head of Departments 800

10 Faculty room 2400

11 Provisions for toilets 1000

Total 23720 Sq. Ft.

Hostel Block

S. No. Hostel Block Area (Sq. Ft.)

1 Single room 24000

Double room

2 Sanitary One latrine and bathroom(for

5 students)- 500

3 Visitor room 500

4 Reading room 250

5 Store room 500

6 Recreation room 500

7 Dining hall 3000

8 Kitchen & store 1500

Total 30750 Sq. Ft.

Proportionately the size of the built-up area will increase according to the number of students

admitted.

Clinical Facilities

School of Nursing should have a 120-150 bedded parent/affiliated hospitals for 40 annual

intakes in each programme:

Distribution of beds in different areas

Medical - 30

Surgical - 30

Obst. & Gynaecology - 30

Pediatrics - 20

Ortho - 10

Bed occupancy of the hospital should be minimum 75%

The size of the hospital/nursing home for affiliation should not be less than 50 beds

Other specialities/facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:

Major OT

Minor OT

Dental

Eye/ENT

Burns and plastic

Neonatology with nursery

Communicable disease

Community Health Nursing

Cardiology

Oncology

Neurology/Neuro-surgery

Nephrology

ICU/ICCU

Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds

The nursing staffing norms in the affiliated hospital should be as per the INC norms

Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms

1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.

Teaching Facilities

Qualification & Experience of teachers of college of nursing

S. No. Post, Qualification & Experience1 Professor-cum-Principal

Masters Degree in Nursing

Total 10 years of experience with minimum of 5 years of teaching experience

2 Professor-cum- Vice Principal

Masters Degree in Nursing

Total 10 years of experience with minimum of 5 years in teaching3 Reader/Associate Professor

Masters Degree in Nursing

Total 7 years of experience with minimum of 3 years in teaching4 Lecturer

Masters Degree in Nursing5 Tutor/Clinical Instructor

M.Sc.(N) or B.Sc. (N) with 1 year experience or Basic B.Sc. (N) with post basic diploma in clinical specialty

POST BASIC BACHELOR OF NURSING

(P.B.B.Sc. NURSING)

Philosophy and Aims:

  The faculty believes that nursing is an integral part of the health care delivery system and

shire responsibility in collaboration with other allied health professions for the attainment of

optimal health for all members of the society. The faculty conceives education as a

lifelong learning process. It seeks to render appropriate behavioral changes in students in

order to facilitate their development, which assists them to live personally satisfied and

socially useful lives.

The goal of post certificate degree programme leading to Bachelor of Science in nursing is

the preparation of the trained nurse as a generalist who accept responsibility for enhancing

the effectiveness of nursing care

Eligibility:

The candidate seeking admission must:

Hold a certificate in General nursing.

Be a registered nurse

Have minimum of two years of experience

Have passed pre university exam in the arts /science/commerce or its

equivalent which is recognized the university

Be medically fit

Have a good personal and professional record

Have working knowledge of English

Duration:

The programme of the study is two academic years from the date of

commencement of programme. Terms and vacations shall be as notified by the university

from time to time.

Objectives:

The goal of the post certificate programme leading to the bachelor of nursing

is the preparation of the trained nurses as a generalist who accepts responsibility for

enhancing the effectiveness of nursing care

Administer high quality nursing care to all people of all ages in homes ,

hospitals and other community agencies in urban and rural areas

Apply knowledge from the physical, social and behavioral sciences in

assessing the health status of  individuals and make critical judgment in

assessing the health status of the individuals and make critical judgment in

planning ,directing and evaluating primary, acute and long term care given by

themselves and others working with them

Investigate health care problems systematically

Work collaboratively with members of other health disciplines

Teach and counsel individuals , families and other groups about health and

illness

Understand human behavior and establish effective interpersonal relationships

Teach in clinical nursing situations

Identify underlying principles from the social and natural sciences and utilize

them in adapting to , or initiating changes in relation to those factors

Acquire professional knowledge  and attitude in adapting for leadership roles

INC Norms are same as that of Basic B.Sc. Nursing.

SUMMARY

Florence Nightingale is credited with founding modern nursing and creating the first

educational system for nurses.

Nursing Council Act came to existence in 1948 to constitute a council of nurses who

would safe guard the quality of nursing education in the country.

There are seven levels of nursing education in India today. They are:

Auxiliary Nursing and Midwifery (ANM) or Multi Purpose Health Worker-

Female (MPHW-F)

General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM)

Basic Bachelor of Nursing (B.Sc. Nursing)

Post Certificate Bachelor of Nursing (P.C.B.Sc. Nursing)

Masters in Nursing (M.Sc. Nursing)

Masters of Philosophy in Nursing (M.Phil)

Doctorate in Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

B.T. Basavanthappa; NURSING EDUCATION; 2nd Ed; 2004; Jaypee Brothers Medical

Publishers; Page No: 8-12

K.P. Neeraja; TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION; 2nd Ed; 2005; Jaypee

Brothers Publications; Page No: 40-78

B.T. Basavanthappa; NURSING ADMINISTRATION; Jaypee Brothers Publications;

Page No: 450-473

Net Reference:

www.currentnursing.com

www.indiannursingcouncil.org

Seminar

On

Patterns of

Nursing Education & Training

Programmes in India

Submitted to,

Mrs. Thilagavathi M.Sc.(N),

Lecturer, SCON, Salem

Submitted by,

Mr. Prasanth Kurien Mathew,

1st Year M.Sc.(N), SCON, Salem

Submitted on, 24th September 2009