nun1'ntJ mJ~ wll1Lfu7. qnunnnun~Fiu7nu. 71lJ71lllt~u d'fl1iiwu "1tlq"111. nl-'L'nW'1, Wll1flll

f"flllf'f1ft'flfLL~"1.h:L'Yif'rl'Yitl, 25.15. ,., ., '

017fl1W1.41, 073.1. lf1fiiiJJflu uun111n11f'l1lfu1. Vi1:"fl1'1, 2521.

017fl1W"1, 073.1. Jn:t7fi1UtJnn1JJ17nu uuuHnu mud 20 W1:tVflfl.,uflii{Jn ltt'u 12. -. II' l: ..; . II

WIIWF11m 3. (n1~ln'lf1, 2521), HJ/1 230-231

Lnl;-3.1 ~qJfl7, "fl11f11 81RU", 11-4W111"'n1lll'YIDQ~1J1111Utu.rifltlft't11" flEI"~ 94, I •

W1:"fl1, l ~ 1EI"1r113J, 2505

WIJIJ fJnf11UJI. ~~FIU1nf11. W1:"fl1, M'1l1i"flllf'r1ft'flfLL~"ti1:L'Yifll'Yit1, 2506.

~7 ~~~:·L Off. 111 '1JIIf11 nf11l;j8~~ Jl. W1:"fl1, 1l1fl'l-Jnf "flllf'r1W~fLL~:lJ"l;o[Jf'f1ft'flf. - .. ..... .. ~ ... .. fltu:1'Yitl1fl1ft'fl1LL~:EI01!t1fl1M'fl1 ll~T J'Yiti1RtiLOl;ofl1fl1ft'fl1, 2514.

. • ~ t ... tl ... ..1 ... ..1 fi17.,11'111"111W, WllLfi",J07llW7:tl1, "utunu1tl", "111W17f'r~ 101 ti'YI 2 QtJlJ'YI 2,

(i "~1flll 2491)

"71itlw"fltl7:~"f, W7:Lt1111.,flL1rEI fl1ll~rl". 1nf11lf111JJn111. W7:"fl7, LLW7-

~'Yitl1, 251 o.

..... " ... ~1..1 . ... ..1 (- ) \4fllJ1",J":, I'JnBfJn1, LI'YI 31 Q1JlJ'YI 6 llq\41tl", 2520

... .... ""' ~ ..._ A .... 0

tJ1lWfl 11:ft'U. SO 103 lf~FIU1nf11-U11JIItl"lnf11. 0l"L'YIW'1, ll~11'Yitl1~tl71llfl1LL~"'

2518.

1J17Wfl ~h:itl LLR: q'~ll "1~ft'~~. if1J1lfWf,f1 ,7rJ. 01 "L'YI'Yi'1, ll~11'Yit11itl11llti1LL ~"' 2519. -~''

~'lJ~EI 11-4'YI1u"ti. '\fl~EJ"11""· I'Jn»fin1, iJ~ 34 QUtJ~ 11 (Yi.']f'fln1u", 2523) ... ~ . '

,1 ~~~:LOfl. U11JIIf11nf11lU8~~~~- W1:"fl1, 111fl'l111tl"flllfl1WflfLLR:ll111;-tlfl1ft'flf,

l ..-... ... - ,. t ..1 - ... .. ~'lJft'"El" ~tu U'YIU1". 11'1/ JJflnUtf~FIII. Wl1Wfl7 "'YI 5. W7:"fl1, ll~11'YIU1 ~tllr11llfl1ft'fl1,

2518.

tl7:ft'1'YI ~iO~R1. lf~FIUJnf11. (QUlJtlfutll "LUil,L~llLiill), W7:"fl7, n11~lt1, 2511.

W1~ll~it, W7::, (~ll~ lrl!lllr h) (1l1[J~~.,,~flJft't11tl"1ti17 "ft'lltufTO~~ft'llL~",'IW7::ll~1-171"fl), tf1nl1f'l1lfU1, ll~1ll~D71'111'Yiu1itl, 2505.

S0376 317

I

'tvn~fl!f "lh-3L1uu, "'11'1"1n11.Jiftnfn'NgNI'IJ.J~'Yif1'1. W1'~Ufll'l, LLw7r.VI!J1, 2516.

2J~1~'1'l-3f'f, ~2JL~~.,..,~. ft9n11.fl'f1"it. nt-3LVIW'1, tNr.2Jvi"ll'lU~2Jvf, 2518 . .. 2J1fl!J ~'l~UU~. n'11Unl'l1f1-3~LLt9fii'1J.JUftnu1u'11£LUU1'1'11n'11£Lf1i-311i'-3U?UU'1LUtJejth nt-3-

LVIW'1. ef1un1'~Ufi'J"J'2JVI1-3~!JIL~ ~l111'~Ufi'J''J'2JLL~~"JJ1;;, 2500, (Ltln~1'J',tJl.

LVI!J~~U1) . .., .. ... ., - .

'11"JJUCU'Vl!JltJ~rnu, 'Yi~U1Un'12.1111JU'11"ll1Jru'Vl!Jl!J~rnu w. Pl. 2525 , '

•tuju~2Jvffllf-3~ 2 (w1.) t1n~'1L,..1cyonfll'll, 2526

'11"JJUCU~!Jl!J~rnu, Yi~1f1ttn'12J~Yi~l-3fll2J~VItn 11UU11"JJUCU~!Jl!J~rnu,

u.t-3~fltlm:r.2Jvf ~.n. 2524 .. .a o u I A I'· A f'

fl£1£l~ l1Lfl1~J. WfJU1JJn1Ut11fiUlf'i:::. W1::\4~1, c~L1£l~ft'1ft'\4n1-,WliV'l, 2520 • .. 1 ., k. 1': ( ..... ft'l::..l )

1111'll1m1 11ft', ft'liLfi~V'l1::li"M1ft'li00·~1. n1llvn::u1, u1 cnnn ~1JUV'lllv-lfl1 ~'Yl 67/2516 ,

nc ~L'Y\V'lli'M1\4fl1 ~ li'M1ll~{l-,1"111'YltJ1itJ, 251.6

1~fi111'Y\n11, 'Mfli~. lft1lH'JllH1

-lf111lfU1. nc ~L'Y\V'l~, h ~~ll~£l1fl-,lleln~-,, 2504.

I 1 • f' ...., .t ff1lfU1lf1nt1 um 1. V'l1::\4fl1, 1~V'lllv-l w.~,.,.llnn~. 2498 •

• 1"" fl' .I .¥."' "' ./"' • fl1ft'\41LLfl:: u11f'll1, flm1~1,.u. u'i:::IJ1t1m-mff1lfUff 1fl1llt1::u171fJJ1. .,..,.::\4fl,., tpu::u1,. m,

2514.

' . - .. . .., " .... " """"" "" ft'l1Lfi~V'l1::11r-, 'll1lU 1~fl, ft'l1Lfi~V'l1::ft' ~'d-1 ,.1"11. fl1ft'\4 1 nUfl\4 , 'W'i::: 117JWDllt1::: 'W'i::: 'i?Vnfl

1un11n1-1Hu1v. V'l,.::1.4fl1, h ~~ll~~1\4n£l~~'"· 2511.

w1wt ~\4~-iwnf. ,.,·wntJ?tJFI~D'i'iiJ. V'l,.::\4fl1, th::V'l1ft'tl\4n1,.~ll~. 2502 • •

w11ii i'flu11l'\4'Yl~t ustnflu~w'i:::'I'Jn~ff"1lfU1. V'l1::\4fl1, 1wnm~~tu~1n,. • 2486.

i; ft'lJUfift;. FI0

1U11t11tlt1'-IFIIJ1ntJ1. V'l-,::\4fl-,, 1J~~. 2510.

,. •I "' .. 1 ... f( ... •.I ... 't11V'l ~ 'll qj1~111V'l. 1riJUI111J1 nt11. V'l1::\4fl,., 1 ~'Yillv-ll1nflu,.::Lft'1J, 2500.

'tL 'Y\V'l 't'" 'Yl,.LI1R1f. 1J 1JJ7:1t11ntJ1. V'l1::\4fl1, ft'll1flliR~flllfl1ft'flfLL ~~tJ-,::L 'Ylfl1 'YltJ, ~51 2. ... ... ... ... .1... ... . ... f( 1:: ..1 . ' ...

Lft'Jrn 'Yi\4~-,~~. ff1(fU1tu1l/UlntiU. 'Yili'Yifl1~VI 3. nc~LVIV'l~, LLV'l-,V'lVIU1, 2516.

LLft'1~ Lft'\41m-,~fl'. FI•7U11tl1tltiB-llti'1171UnUBU1Fifl'f18-1711~. nc ~LVIV'l~, h ~~ll~n-,ll ..1 ( ... • f( ' ...

LL~\4VIVI'M11, 2520. 'M\4~ft'£)0~ft'1lU~1\4V'l1:: -,1"JJYI1\4L 'Yifl~flV'l V'lfiL£1 nLLft'1~

Lft'\4 1m,. ~tl') •• .k,· ..... " .~ .Y. ~ ..1

._ £l~ll1\4111f~\4, V'l1::U1. L"JJ1~ , lf11'1Jjn11J &ntJQuU117Juf'll71fltllff11U. fl£1\4VI 69, 2503

, ~tiu ~;CIJ lt~. rr.,,,;,o1 u1::fJnl. .,..,::\4fl1 ~ loLlu\4• lt~.f, 2s2o.

318 50376

"' nnne~nqtf

Aron, Raymond. Main currents in sociDltJgkal though Book II. London : Penquin Books, 1970.

Benediet. Ruth ; Patterns of Culture, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1963.

Brown, Francis J., Educational Sociology, (211d ed, 4th printing), Prentice-Hall, 1970

Davis, Kingsley. Human society. New York :Collier's Macmillan, 1967.

Draver, James. Dictionary of psycho!ogy. London : ELBS, 1968,

Fairchild, H .P ., ed. Dictionary of sociology and r~lated sciences. N.J., Littlefield, 1970.

Frazer, James George, Sir : The New G9lden Bough, A Mentor Book, 1964

Geddie, William, Chamber's twentieth century dictionary. New Delhi : Allied Publishers,

1960.

Good, C. V., ed. Dictionary of education. New York : McGraw-Hin, 1959.

Green, A. W. Sociology-An analysis of life in modern society. 41h ed. Tokyo : Kokahusha,

1960.

Johnson, Henry. M. Sociology: a systematic introduction. 4th ed. London : Routledge &

Kegan Paul, 1964.

Lee, Alfred Me Clung. Principles of sociology. New York : Barnes & Noble, 1963.

Lundberg, G.A. and others. Sociology. 4th ed. N.Y., Harper & Row, 1968.

Macrae, Donald G. A dictionary of sociology. ed. by G. Duncan Mittchell, London : Routledge

& Kegan Paul, 1968.

Maninowski, Bronislaw, Magic, Science and Religion and other essays, New York, Doubleday

Anchore Books, Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1954

Mannheim, Karl and Stewart, W.K.C. An introduction to the sociology of education. London :

Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968.

Mitchell, G. Duncan. ed. A dictionary of sociology. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul,

1968.

New Standard Encyclopedia V./3. Chicago, Standard Educational CorJ)oration, 1969.

80376 319

Niebuhr, H. Richard, The Social Sources of Denominationalism, Living Age Books, published

by Meridian Books, Inc., 1960

O'Dea, Thomas F. The sociology of religion. India: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Ottaway, A.C.K. Education and society: an introduction to the sociology of education.

London: Routledge & Keaan Paul, 1968.

Parsons, Tal~ott. The structure of social action. New York : Free Press, 1969.

Robertson, Roland, ed. Sociology of religion. London : Penquin Books, 1969.

Sinah, K. Advanced sociology. Prakashan Kendra: Lacknow, 1970.

Stark, Werner. Sociology of religio11 • a study of Christendom. Vol. I. London , Routledge

& Kegan Paul, 1966.

Tambiah, S.J., Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-east Thailand, Cambridge

UniversitY Press, 1980.

Tambiah, S.J., The Buddhist Saints of the forest and the cult of amulets, Cambridge UniversitY-

Press, 1984.

Wach, Joachim. Sociology of religion. 11th ed .. Chicago : The Unlv. of Chicago Press, 1967.

Weber, Max. Sociology of religion. London : Methuen, 196S.

Webster's· Third New International Dictionary of English Language. O.C. Merriam Co.,

1968.

Wells, Alan. Social institutioll. London : Heinmann, 1970.

Winick, Charles. Dictionary· of anthropology. New .Jersey : Littlefield Adams' Co., 1970.

Yinger, J.M. Religion, society and the individual. New York, Macmillan, 1962.

Young, Kimball and R.W. Mack,Systematicsociology; New Delhi: East-West Press, 1972.

320 50376

'I .. .. ... ... ... t.k ,.~ ....... ....~ L\4n17YUJVm7::1J1\41'!11 SO 353 : \Uflll1Ylr.J1ff1W\41 fl7-3\4 L'l\41fl1ff~YIYI

1l'nfln1!t1fi17Yl711JJJ1ft-3~JJ~11ti1r.J L i4en%'nflm;·T;J:: l~1l1 ltlfl n1!t1~1r.Jfl\4LEJ-3 l~ LLft::

,.,::,hmh1.41r.Jth:: 1u'!fuLLn1l'nfln1!t1~ll.liJ1an1wJJ1fln1!t1~1r.Jfl\4LEJ-3

50376 321

o u . t'llill . II fllf1fttltlf1111\l lfl

~ u ~

fl1~tJ1'U1'1fl SO 353 : ft'~fl1J1fltflf11ft'Ul

- .... U' • 011SJ1.UJSJ, flfUJtlSJ1UND01101::fl1 - Pragmatism

:'I - tl., ..1 ,.j ., a I • A I 1 : Lu'U'YH11;-Df11..:J 11JqJ1f1LntJ10Ufl11tJ1Ul1r.J, fl11tJ~'H ua::fl1'Ur.JtJ, LtJEl11 flr.J

:'I .,1 .. ~.!'"' ..1 f"" -.!' 1 .. • I L~~N§I Lu'UNftfl~::~..:J Lt~1Uf1El1';l 0\4 L•l (implied) flr.JLL'U1flfiWlEI011UEIOOft11

... :'I ,.j .... .. • ... ,.j I ~~-~a ~ 1 ~· O'UtJ1Lu'U flr.JEltJ 1Ur.JfltlEl O'UtJ1 f1 no L l'IL Oflf111tJ~tJ1r.J•l1'U 011 UEI n Oft11 O'UtJ1LL R::

('I -~ iJ .. A ,.j I ... L'UU1..:JLLUU"11El..:J Pragmatism) OdlL -umm't'lfl1tJfl11tJ';l1..:Jfl1tJflUElnna11n'UtJ1

• "' -~~ a .,1 ... I a ~ 1 'I II a tl 1 .. 1 L~tJElun-u fl'll;-Dfl1"n11tJ'Ur.JtJLnr.J1tlUfl1'Ur.JtJ'U nEJ L~Lnf1El11n 1:: r.J11''U flr.J

LU'ULnm..i~~mhwi'uf11il.r.JtJ (George A. Theodorson & Achilles G. Theodorson:

A Modern Dictionary of Sociology, Barnes & Noble Books, 1979, p. 310)

.... 011SJll, 01::Ul'U011 • process

tl"' tl 'I ..1 "'... • .. • "" ... ... : 011L ftr.J'ULL §I ..:I Lfl ') fl~ft'..:JL Oflft'1tJ11tlL~'Uft01;-t\1.::~1EILL'U1f11..:JflLL'UU'Ur.JO'Ufl§IElfl

l A t I ........ ..: I ... .!' • :'I t .. 'UL1El..:J'U'U ') L1J'U 011tJ1,-Nftflft'..:J"11El..:Jfl1..:J ') 'JI'..:Jt~El..:Jfl1Lu'U"ll'UflEl'U ~1Eln1::U1"n11

11~"1011 'ift'i

S0376 323

~tfun1l'qJ~1fl11u'll'tni141::wh.n!hun11lln7nu'&41tJt1-3 iin11\l'tt~~fl-3114•.-3 iJ

"" I .r ... I ' ....

ml1tJCt'll1~1J1L '&4&Ul11J'&4 n11nR1tJW111~L"JJ'&4'&4L 11L 1tJn11 n1::tJ114n11LHI11J'&4

~;~ n11vh t M'"n1u14 ('11) n11flwll1ini -3flli11Du.ltt1lluuum.h-3~qiin11llfl 01~14fll iL14"n1U14 L 11ii~11LiJ'&4 ltltt1lln1::tJ114n11"n1U14 f-3~NRLiJ'&4n11 fl1tJ~ll~qiin11li'JJ~-3~flflR '1n"n1u14~~14,flchfiqJt14i-3flll n1::u1un11"n1u14 .,. ..1 "" 'til~ e U ..1 I

nfl~n11Yl"n1tJ14 \"YI1?t141Yifl1-3 'J 'JJ~-3fl14

14~n11ndfhdrT~~fl11JJ?tJJ1tJn11-3 'Jon 2 ~V1-3 f-3llun (fl) fl11JJLiJ'&4ltl

vf-3?tJJfi'JJ~-3Wn11T14 ( -3) n1::tJ114n11'"Lfr~ f-3LiJ14f'n~m::'JJ~-3iiflwn11T'&4w114JJ1n .f !"I ,t': .. !"I 111.1 "" I ~ "" I I

n1: tJ114 n1114L 1.1141'1 n~m::'M'U-3'11~ -3fl111JL 1.1'&4 ~ u'JJ~-3• n1tJ14L Yl114 14 fl1 EJtJ1-3L "JJ14

n11t111nlJ~"' n11~tu141 n11'll'flri'U n11u,J-3'l1'14 fl11JJfl-3~~ fl11JJLirn::LutJu

LLR: n11"i'1-31::LUtJtJt 'Mli

... ... ., n11n1flN111'1H - scarification

tl ... ... ... W .. e A tj -~\!I 'til • A I I

: 1:L~tlltn1fiN1'M'&4-3 'JJ-3~111::Yl1L ~~ ~l'ILn~fl ~'MR 'M1~L~~Yl11J1'&4fl'&4 UflW1'&41J1n

ml1 Yi1L ~~ t ~ih~tJ~NRLiJ'&4 l 1W1'M'i'tJLiJ'&4Lfl~~-3~1J1tJU1::tltJ11-3n1tJ { ~1~tJin­tl1:n~u)

. ., _., n11nltflflft, n11rt~ - burial

n11thudel.l'f'lr1- aathropophau

: ~fl11JJ'MJJ1tJL'Mil~" cannibalism ( ~fliirmLda~14)

n11•aue1'a1::&u,;,~, nl11fl1f11'11'fl - circumcision

: n11'1Ji tJ'M\l'-3~1JUR1tJ~itJ1::11)~14f'JJ~-3L ~fr"JJ1tJ UA:O a1 t fi"l'M i'uL ~fr~ &U-3uf1

rfi.A'un n11'JJRtJR1LiltJlJJU~11 (labia minora)

324 80376

n111fl&f1Ui'fl • circumcision

: (~n11"JJiuEr1u1:wu~uf)

........ n111li,.SJYI1~11l11,1N - seance

1111~~l1tJ nouLU'U n~ll th nfiul1n1::fh t 'Ufl11lliifl LLa::£in11"i'1~1111::fh~ ')

L ~£J'J11tJ \ ~L nfl111VUn~fl1ULii:W111 .... ,fl~ft£l'U 1fl~U1::W ~fl"11£1~1111,i'~L 1fud nL ~£1 ~~-~ -., ot tJ .. "' • tJ .. ...~ I • tJ Ll'IW1lJ11tlW~L11flL~'U 1111~1111N.fl1~1fl ~1£1 1111~1111N.flO~U£lnL~'U£l 1::W1fl

Rll~W

.... n111fiunri~nnun~- vicarious sacrifice

-- ..It~ ....: ... ... ..: "" I II ... -.. .. . .. • II " • : 1111W~L1tlfl L'JJW~'M'U~Ufl'U£111W~'M14~ L'JJ'U L'JJWfl1LLfl'UlJ,..ti'tJ ~1£1 L'JJ~U11Lil£l~

LLfl'U"JJ£1~17 ~

n11n1tJW,Q'fJ- witchcraft

: n11 t *lin11n1~ '"ufl1Wflf n1:n1fl£J~u lflu~1 ,tJn1::fh t14n1~~fi1 t ~~flfllil t ".l'-- --'UU Lt11tJ£l'Ufl11tJ

n11n1~1n- divination

: 1111 tJ~ufi~~~1::fi1u 1u £1\4 1flfl lfltJ£11fltJfl11ll'l11m~a£111 ni ~L ~ilmr1 1ll'JJ19i

•t ...... ... t t ........ t Jt ...... ~1£1 fltJ11J1111fl1~lJ1tJ11 11llfl~fl1~ ~11fl1Wfl1 14llfl 'JJfl§l1~ 1111YI1 ~L,1L"111~

n11n1~1n- prediCtion

flfJti-Dfl11.ll1l11::Ltlu (probability) mh1~a tuu1-m1mL 11W1ll11tln1~1ui1~~-u1 ,l11~~1::Lnfl~U£lf.h~LL\LU£J'U 1 00" LLfltJ1~111m L 11nhJ£ifl11llj14 hL"lf14~'U 1ntJ1fl1Wflf1J11lJ'JJ1fitJ1::WtJfl11llff1L;1lJ1111111i~flllfl1Wflf \un11n1141t1

1111L nfl"11£l~U11 n~ n11ma1~~u1 L Vi11::W1ll11 t11Lfl11::~LLtlnLLtJ,::fl1LLU1fl1~ ')

80376 325

""'""' II ... \1~ I ... l .,!' ...... A ... 'YIL nr.J1"11fh1EIEI n';l1 n nu L111Eir.J1~"D'fiL ';11,4 flr.JLQ Y-l1::1111r.J11fn1 1'Yiflft'EI1J n111Lfl11::~

'YI1..1ft'iifiy'h L ~fl~11fi1LLU1EJ::l 1LUUL 'VI~ a:: l 7LU1.4N~ LL~::£ifl11llftllvi'ufnuar.l1..1l 7

1. A \1 ... 'I . ....r.. I 'I • ... tl .. I ... ...

"L..1EI" L"llEIULfl fl11ll3"';1..1"D'1r.J L"n17'YI1"1r.Jn17Lnfl'l1El..1 71n~n17mDr.J1..1Lflr.J1n"

1. "D1.41flfl ft..1fl~fl1ft'flftl7::ft'tJ1!qj'V11L" n11'Yi1" 1r.Jll1n n11 L Y<l71:: lllw11111 n

A I' ... tl I . ..I ..I II \1.,!'t '1-• • 1Lfl71::'VIfl1 'l.J~llfl1LL 7fl1..1 ') 'YIL nr.J1"11El..1 Llll'YI..1'VIllfl LLa:: n11 L "D'11fn11'Yifi~D..1n

'Yi1 l~u1 n fl11llfL ~u1 nuw'liin1 1ll"llD"ll~1jrJ~"ii.Dij~1ntt 'Yi1\ ~ n1'~'Yi1" 1u

~1..1~'it1'Yi1 ltl,l)~ n~D-3LL1.i "El"L 'VI liD" n11'Yi1" 1r.J"11EJ"1'Yir.J1fl1flf1f7 1li"J11fi n11

'Yi1" 1r.J"llD"\l'ni-3flllfl1ft'flfEJ1';1';1::6lfi~1DlDn1ft'';I::LU1.4 ltlfl1llfh'Yi1"1r.J£i~1 n11 10096

.,. ... tl A ..1... ... f'L '.t • ... \1 •'II M "" ..1 "" LW71::llfl1LL 7El1.4 ') 'YI"nft'-3flllfl1ft'fl7 ll,1 'VI1Elr.JHll Ltlfln1j1L"111li1Lnr.J1"11El~ n11

'Yi1"1r.J'YI1..1W..1flllfl1ft'flf~"3Jmtlu1."3tlfl111 ') L "Jiu n~1111fi1LLtl1a:: l 7iifl,11ll 0

... I ... .. ,.!' ... tl ..1 :'I tl .r .!' l ..1 ° 'iltl I ... tl , ft'1flqjn11n" 'VI7El"1fl1LL 7'YILu"ft'1L'VIfJ 71nl.J"111.4LL~1 Eln1ft''YI';I::_"1 L ftl1LL 7

fl1&~'VI1m·J~r.lalJii&~1n utlrflllLL\4"a" ltl'lnn·nl1 n111Lfl71::~'YI1..1ft'iiiiD1-;J"Ji1r.JL ~

L 11~fl 1~11 fi1LLU7 fl1" ') ~LU"ft'1L 'VI~iiJ 1~1l' nll1 n'itDr.JDU1" l 7L1.4 n17 nD \ ~L nfiNa

1 ~ .... 0 I II 'II.!' I I .!' A ~ a"f ... ... tl LLflL 71n Lllli'Y11-3'YI1" 1r.J~1-3'VI" 1 Lt!LL 1.4 "El1.411N~';I::"EJ-3L nfl"ll" L W71::u-3llfl1LL 7 A ... .I ... 'II ,... .t .. 'II I .. 'il.l' El" ') Dnll1n'YIL 71r.J-3 Lllllfl11ll'l1 ~7El Lllft'1ll11tl';l::fln1j1 L'l

• J n11YIU'IUJ'W111ll911fJ • defloration

:L"'Y11-3ft-3flli1'Yir.J1 ~ll1r.Jn-3 n17n7::'Yi1'VI1Dn17tiDu1n1."n11W11W1'VIli';I1;"11EI-3

'VIqj-3 lttr.JLt\W1::nEJ"n17LLfl-3-31" L~EIL~~Nl'IYI1-3lft'r.Jfl1ft'flf 'VI1D~in71ll lttr.J

'I ... A .. .. ... ... ... .. ... . A .I'¥! '1. I ...

L "D'Lfl7 El-3liEI~ 1 Elllfl11llft'lJY<I1.41f'Y11..1L Wfln1J"D'1r.JEI" 'YI Lll "D'ft'1li"11EI-3fl"

n11ti'U'11rJit.lltl11'W\J'If'l - inconodasm

: ( 1) n17'Yi1li11r.J3tllttr.JLUW1::3tl~~"' 1L~Ein11Lfl17W\I"D'1L"'Y11"fl1ft'"1 ( )

• A l ... . "" ..Ifill .:. ... '1.¥. • I :'1 ..: 2 n17'YI1lil1r.Jfl11llL "D'EI n11 ';JlJflfl11liL1fEI'YIEJflll"n1.4ll1 L l'IL 'V\1.411Lu"ft' -3'V\aDnlil1-3

.,., . .!',.. .,., ... " n11n1 11nlu~ e&&1'8ll, n11J11 111&1'fJtU1'lf· demoralization

: { 1) _ n17\1'qjLWr.Jfl11liLfaaT"L1.4fl"LEI-3'VI1ofqJLWr.J"llity"llD-3nq&~ (2), n17LWr.J\17m1n1771li'V1\41r.J"llEI..1~mth fl11llflfiL~" n11i1r.J1llfl11li'VIll1r.J

... l ..1... ..:, .~tl ... :'1 "11El..1ft'tl1"n17mfl1..1 ') Uft::ll "111WLnr.J1n1J\J'YI1J1'YI ft'-3L'VIlil11.4 7::nEJun"Lu1.4

LL" 1'YI1'3~ ..1~flflftLflr.JLfLU1.4~1n '" n1'tti1L n~fifl n1'"Hit1\11Cll. 1n1111ll'VIU 1r.J

326 50376

.,.,~... l fl11Yil 'ttlu\U18~YIH Clfl - secularization

,.j 0 'I ... ... .. ..: .,._ t A .. I ... lflA lfl .. ,.j ... ... : n1::1n" n11r1n1 L 'VI~ 7£l.:J'V11£lft'"IJJ .:Jfl1 .:J'VI".:Jfl£l11flnflft'YI1J'V11£1L nr.n"ll£J·mlJfl1ft'"1

!"I ... 1 ..1 ~ .,. _t(. '~tJ ..1 \ ., '1 .!' 'I .,.. mnmu"L 1£l-3YI1-3 ~nrJft'11111 n"llEl-3ft'.:Jfl1Jft'11111ClL 111 L LnEJ1"ll£l.:J L'l L "" .:JfUJ

w,Juna" fl1111Ltl"lt1fl1.:~ 'J l"i.:Jflll 7111...f.:~n17ffi7::Luuun17Lila.:~ n11f1m~1 Lfl11!tJn~ f1~11111 ~~~ ,Jn~::iiari'u.'i1Ltl"fl1111t17::w.:~t1'"lla.:~i.:~trn~intfl1.:~ 'J

• • ~L~:: ~1t.lfl1ft'" 1,J n~::L 1i1 l tJi:iurJlJ1YI~ ~u11ia.:~ lliumJ L ~~1UU1"~iJa.:~~hL "" n11

lt~uen-1:: ~1Ufl1ft'"1~::L 1i1 lt1fl1lJ~11n11~1L "".:11" "ll£l.:J~1UU1"Lil£l.:J 'VI7m 7u ni'£J.:J

L ~~1UU1"Lil£l -3Vtlfl1ft' £l"91111t11::L ~m "ll £l.:Jfl1ft'" 1L tl"~" 1YI1.:J L" n11tlnfl1 £1.:1 'I ... I ... .t "" !(' .. !(' A .J ... L "ft'11U91 £l111L11 £lfl1111 '11 Y11-31YIU1fl1 ft'911 L~~:: n11 fl mt1"ll £1-311~ 1!1-tH ~ 1 ~"ll"ll n11

'I"' ... ... !(' 'I .. • ... 'I L'lf'VI~nL 'VI~F-l~ n111~fl11::'VI L~~::n1111-3L~N" L"n11fln1!t1LL~::fi1L ""n11 L"

L ~£J.:~ti1.:~ 'J 11~1!t6~.:~fwn11L ~a.:~L ~u1nui19111~1!tm "i.:~fl1J'VIa1u 'J L ~a.:~l3Jhi ... ..: ... -r.. Ill .. I !"I ... ..1 ... 'I ... ... .. !"I

L 1£l.:J"ll£l.:Jft' .:Jflnflft'YI1J'V11£lfl1ft'" 1 LL91Lu"L 1 £l.:JYI~::91£l.:J L 'lf'VI~nL 'VI~N~~~11m1Lu"

11u 'J ltJ n11Lt1~u"LLt1~.:~L1i"ilLii"F-t~"ll£l.:Jn?::u1"n17n17Yh L~Ltl"L ~a.:~n1.:~ l~n I~'J_I'I ... ... .. I I 'J ...... .:_, I'J.J'. .

~L~::~lJ£l~YI1 LlJ L"ft'.:Jflllft'lJU L'VIll £lU1-3 L 7nfl F-l~"ll£l.:Jn7::lJ1"n11" Lll L•l'VI111Ufl1111 l'l,.j !(' ...... A.t:'fl I 1t

11 L'4Yiq'fl11~1!tU~::L~nL'lf£lfl1ft'"1 F-l~"ll£l.:Jn1::lJ1"n11~::Lnfl"lJ"Lu"lJ1-3ft'1"LYI1tli"

L"li" L"L ~£J.:Jn17t1nfl1£l.:J LL~:: n11Lfl11!tJn~ LLflL"L ~£l-3L ~U1nlJ~91 h'VI7aflfrJ1J1

"lJa.:~~flfl~LLA'1 fl1ft'"1nu.:~fl.:~iieni~~aij

. 1" .... .., ( . '1-!' • ... 'I ... ) fl11Yil 'ttlCI'ti'U'lty- demoralization ~n11r11 rYin1~.:J L~Lft'£111

.. .. ... . fl11YI~ftftD~Ul - water burial

fl11U'l~&l'1'l~ - propitiation

"-~ A A ... I t It'... ... .. : n11 L l'll'l1£lfl11U"ll£l.:J'VI7mfl7£l.:JL'lf" 7111YI.:J11~1!tmti"Lfl1£l.:JlJ1.:Jft'11.:J ..,.,. £Jft'1fl

'VI7£lri1Yi~n1111 f.:~11~1!t6fifl11~::n1fl1111~£l h L ~LLrlNft'1.:J LYI1fl1 1flm ~£1 n" 11

S0376 327

n11thiYfc)ltJllnh: lr.'l~. ft11JJIJJflfl1n1a&1 • benevolence

..tr. 1'!!! t11 • · .1 ,..,., ....,1 1 ... ,..1 !! : fl11ll~ll1tlfl1ll"'rfYl 'Plel fl11llfi·H1'V\'1Elf111lllJ'1::R~flflflel~El\4 flt1Yl1 ~1J'V\ll1tl'l~

• ..1. .I .,. • II.~• • .,: ,....,I ,.. .,. .,. n1 1 1l'T::Yl1YlLLRfl~f111liLllflfl1lJ'11\4 'V\'101l1'1 ~ l'IL~\4 'VI '1ElR ~'21El~LL n~El\4 LfllJYlLfltl1

t • ... I :'1 .~ ·"' ...... e ,.ol I "' A tl 1 I' \4\4flElfl\411LlJ\4~nLRlllJflfl1ll11''1'1ll111fi'21El~ll~1ltti'JJ~\41 ~lJ,'rfqfln'1'1lJLWEl 1:: tl'l\4

I..... . . -un~El\4 ·

t"~11-4LYl1iYltJ1«J.iufi'",e~~mJJ;n, · 'VIll1tJil~ ue~fiLL\II~~mr-,,llt11-4LtJ\4~ll1 .,. t .I

'21El~fHI11''1'1lJYl~lJ1~

fl1llfl11li'VIll1ti~L-rl'Utl'1::1fiff1Rflfo~nq1lt ti111 benevolence 'VIll1tJn~ .,. ,..,. ..1 .,. • I' .,. .1!' ,. •.tt • I I' ( •

Yl'1'rftiR\4Ylfl1ltfl'1tJYlHL '1tlfl'lel~Lel1ll1'1n ~'rf'1'n1lJ'1::111'111ltQ'1 . ~~flft';)fiUII:

n11~ffRtl1::nmJ)

n11",1U11'rt~1111 • ancestor worship

: ti'1:Lwmn,,\l,.,u,,w~11lt 4~iin1'1Vfliie~tl~ufiri"t'"""R1tJi'-3flll L"lf" ~'" "'~'I ... .. :'1 .I .. I I ·"' .. .I .. - ... • ... ~. q}~\4 LLII::El\4Lfltl LlJ\4lJ'1::LWnLL1l1LL1lLLR::u~lln1'11JQUflfl\4,\4fl~~fl1\4\4

!'

n111t.lar.ouan.Jann~1·,.,.,,. cultural chanae

328

• I ..I • I . ..1 "' ~ II .,. .I • · "" t .,. .,. : n1'1LlJIIti\4LL1JII~YlL1lfl'2l\4 ~\41.,\411''1'1li'210~1J'1::111'!J1fi'V\\4~ ') Yl~1.,\411''1'1l1Yl1~1fl~

... ...~,. •II I ... I ... • 1..1 • I .to: • I -~ LLII::1_,\411''11l1Yl ~ll ~'!J1fl~ LLflelfl111l1'1LlJftti\4LL1Jft~'2JEl~ ~_,\411''1'1ll 2 1J1::LI1Yl'U .

LU\4 ,tl,llLvhn" 1t~vvi'1 ,tl;r.,"r"'ll~ilt 1i1t~qLtliu1.4LL1Ja"f1n11 1.4Eln,,n,f" ,.,

LtlatJ\4LL~II~El1"::L fifl~\4 lfltJ£lfl l'Ulifi'VI;O 1fltlfl1'111~Uf.l1.4ri't~

·SO 376

m1tN1ft'rt - cremation

: 1in1't n1'ffl'D'1 nft~~fi1U~1Un11LN1 ( ~ n11 n1fflff~th:: nEJtJ)

n11N~ - burial

n11N~U11,1ll'f'U:: • urn burial

..... .,~. 1 11 1 •II .. : n11n1';lfi'D'1nft~ ~1E1Ltl1'YIL~S6';11nn11LN1~ flUtJ11~ ~\.4 nft ~'tEl ~W11"D\.4::El\.4 ')

' "' n1111'rt1fl1::9UJlRI'UI111J • culture ,..,fusion l

,.,..,.~ • ._, ~ i I ,. 1.1 .., • I ._,

: n1'UJ111''YIS n~nnn111.,\.411'11li~\.41UL "Jf"'lfEI\.4 1tQJ\.411'11ll ~1EILL1JtJEJU1n~\.411'1'1ll

LL~';I1n~\.4n1LilflltJu",fl~1EltJ;L1tu.~~ ')

... "' fl11UIJ1RI'UI111J • culture borrowing

n1,u ~; n,:: ~nu1tQJ1.411'1 111 1flm~ ~1:: mJ1"D"Ld Elll EJ"';I1 n'YI1 1 ff\.4::'11 El" n~ll~i'u ')tQJ\.411'1111

n11111Jlt~1'U'U11JI111J - abstract collectivity

: m111lln",""~rt"~"iian~m::Ltl\.4\.41~11'11ll1".,.::.ruu"lt" LOfl';11nfl11lltifl'Y11"

\.411111'11li'11EJ~n~llfl\.4 ~1£Jn~11lMm.tu~d"·l1 n1111li'VI~11.41.41ll11'11liLUY111~ ...... "~ ..I II"' "''~~'~ ""'

fl11llflfl'D'"W11"'11\.4ll1~1nfl11lJL"JfEI'llEI"fl\.4~\.4W"flll US::lln~liLn~1'11El"ntJ

~an1'Yir.J1ff1Wflf mJ1"l1Ti~ L11El1~W"Lnfln11mLLS::W1ll11fll'hY1Un1,Lnfl'llfN

i"L~~1~Yl~ fi1EIU1"'11El"n1111li~J;I1Y1.41ll11'11ll l~LLn ft1W\.41 U1::"Jf1"Jr1fi t

"JfY"D\.4 ~1,fl '18'1

' . 01111011 - dance

: n11LflGEIY '~1W1\.4th" ') "11El"'i1"01Ultlfl1llf"~1:: LU\.4~UEllli'tJn\.4 1flU,t1ltJ11

n1,'i1Ui1LUYn1,LLWfl"EIElnW1nS"llEI"li~~V~nwJmLS::~n"D1fi n1,-i1ui1

!"1 • .1 ~ 1 '~ t '"' 1 !"1 II Lu\.4n11LLW fl"EIEI n'YI1"ftSu::'YIL n1LLn'YI~fl US::tJ1"fl1 "L 1Un11L u\.4 n11 W111)l ~';I ~. ... ~ ~ 'YIW1fl1)l'11El"ll~~u ~"~"""

80376 329

f al ... 011Q'HJJ1:ncu • fornication

I ... ... f" I' A tJ ... ..la\11 ~ I \II I I~01J,.. .. I .

: n11112JLVifJW2JVi141J£lrJ1"~fl 1::LVim"lJ£l"~flfl~flll L"LL"""114 · L111 '" rrJ~14"";l::LLfl""114

aij~1al11nfl1ll thd~flntJti1 f)1114ooh (adultery) l1aq1" L"li14 ~~" 1wfi112JLViff

i'llvrwfnu"JJ1rJ~LLfl""114LLl1 · ~hu~ ~" lAa··hn1::n1~f1~1un11a1"tJ'::nm w114

~1r.J~1rJ~14~fll1rJn1114an\";~ ,, ... 011 QN • exorcism

: m1,;'U1JfiN~1a11'1~ ~L ,Y1111i "U f "L ~a nkhLiJ14W1L ~~"ll£l"YitJi'in1111tlWf1'f1u ~7afl1111LitJl,Y h~aanlt1";~1n11"

011i~nu - sacrifice

• ..1 !'I "' ... 'L~ ~.: ... ~... ~ , • - • • • .i 'I " : n11n1::fl1YILJ.J14 n11La'rJW~::~flfJ L l'ILLnW "fftlfla'flli'L ~14£l11'112J"J11fl ~1£lfl1L Vi£) L ~

A "" ~- ~ " o .: . "" A '1.~~ I ... L nflfl11llffnf1Wfl1J fl11111'112Jfl1fUHY11~1r.JW"fl~flfJ L 1'11414 ') L "1114 n11W"L 1rJ

thmiafl n11i'"L1r.J114n1111"f1~1qn~ n11lwi""lla"114~~11~"ffVi n11L~1 A ... I I' ... . I .'1': 'I....: A ... ~

Lfl1£l"W "L 1r.J n11t.l1~1ltrJ\j"J11r.JqJ n11t.I1LLVi::\j"J11uqJ m1 L "JJW "£l14W "L1rJLLY114m1LL TIW

nui~nulhuaSo~ • blood sacrifice

: n11W~::Lft£lfl\j"J11 1flrJnT7n!fiLft£lfl

I ' 011tY~nu1um1'll~ftQ1qnv • foundation sacrifice

: m1i'"nu~rn::Yi111.4m111"11f1JJ114"ll£l"i"rimrf1"fl1" 'J 1flrJLQVi1::m-,1fll,1ltU fll A .. A 'l.t'!!! I .!." ~ ...... ~ ..

L iJ14Lfl1£)"a' "L 1rJ L fi£) L l'la' "n£la'l1"1414 ') 2J11)JqJ1mT~llfl1£)"1 n1lt1

"" nuaauunu • sortilege

: n11n1141u 1fluifn11ftJQ~1n 4"a1n::~h114utJuth.;~ 'J · L'i14 Liu"LtirJll•

011'HQ01J1l1J'UB~1fMUI111J • fusion of culture

330 80376

f-3UtnJ\oUJ1EJ~-3nTHH11 n11tlflLLthLLfi'1"llin1!tm1n11'1J1~fJU1~ LLt~::~-3in1!tn41 n111J1-3fJU1-3 1 tiL~ eJ£ii -3\ 'Y\aJL"Ji12J1 \.fu Yl'I.UL<1 ( ~n11~&UJnEI2J nihni1-31~u­~1 111tl1:: neJu)

fl11fUU~. Ul1Yil'Wiitlfl111J • banishment

1 -- A "" • \,}1 ' l tl -- A t "' I : n11EI-3 Yl1!t1~'YIU-3YlfJ1~LEifJn "DLLYIU Yll!t 1::'YI11'J11fl '.II'-3Yl-3W-3fl2JL~1'JJULLEI::

i -3flliLL1JtJUfl1 \ fti~UieJij ~n1::v'h6lt~~:: ~nf-3 \ ~fJfJn~1ni-3flll ii~::,fu ~:: ~ n.J1

\ui-3flliL~1"nUL 1un~~nmti~L'Y1~1~Wl1 "flu~ntit~qj1ii" n11mti~L "lfuil1~Lflu ti~Uinu \un1'li'LLa:: h11 1u11m o-3nq17 ~1n LLa::lwL:au

fl111Blfnhnn~t.l1:1l1N • custom imitation.

I : n11LfJ1fJU1-3'lUJtiLL1Jl.J~~-flflEitlDtm9112J1il'J111U1U"llfJ-3n~ll"llfJ-391U 1t~EJtl1nfi u<1 n1::n1 1 t11t~u 1&Jfti1 L deJ-3";11 n n~11~n ii~ni~a \ UYI"l-3-ln~-3 'l ~~flfl a

0 "', "' fllD~ •· -u1qf - morale ...,... ..,. I ... ... ... .. A~ ~ ,,. .;,._

: fl11liJ wn7n'YI~flm: '.II'-3'Yili1EJ112Jtl-3fl11llllnfl fl112Jn1::flfJ1 fJ1U fl112JL "nfJllu

LLEI::fl112J~-3'YI1-3\~u11~~flllflfiW1flqj ~n~ll71llnuthL\lU-31U flfl 'YI7fJ flfJf

1 .. .... 0 .... \ .. ... ,l- -~~ "" tl - • t fl[J2J~U1 n1ft-3 ~ 'YI1fJ"ll1qjULnflll L•1~1nn11Ylfl112J 1::~q91LLEI::n11n1::Yl1"llfJ-3Yl-3

... o A \ I J! "' ... .. . tl 0 I t "" ~U 1LLEI::Wli1'J1n un~llft"fJflflwfJ-3n1J'YIEinfi'EI~112J 1::~1 n~1JUU LLEI:: ~1n n11r1

W1J1~nL~1J\ ~EJfJll i'tJ'YI in n11~f11oA'Ut ntJLtht11:: W -3fl"ll tl-3 n~ll

: ( 1) fl112J Lll91911 nv~n

tl1:: "tJLf111::t( n 1111

( ) 4 -- I 4 ..--' 0 "'~ J!... .. • tl .. I tl

2 n11~frEI 'Yill1ti'Cl-3 1~n11'J11UL'YIEifJ~n1EI-3 L•l11J'ln"ll 'YI'lfJ 1::Wl.JLfl11::'YIL'Yift1U

'l 010111-·tl~ -, .. t .:.. ... ... .. ... I 'l J!A .., " v • ::191 16"911 fl112J'YI2J1tlrJ-3WfJ-3U2Jfl112JW2J~U~nufJEJ1-3 ns-i"nfl

80376 331

II •• 1 II lf)I.DDYlnf1 • gesellscbaft

: LiJ~t11tl11!t1Lti01WutiR'h ('11flaJ LiJ\W.UU'!Jilfl,.D'11ft'11flaJU.tJ1J\I\;i'l1 f'l1fl11aJRaJ~"f L;l'11'1fit11J5j ti110"DV1'11Lfi"-ifl mh1~0 ln,;.m::fl11aJftaJ~"f'YI1'11R'11flaJLiJ"LLUU

't11'11n11LiJ" 'tlfl1aJW'I/Cll1 fl1 "'tlfl1 '11aJ"' QtJ' 1 LLR::L\l,.fl11aJ,h"1'1/~Lfl'l!t LnL'JJRft·

,,~fi'L iJ,.er n,;.m::,.o'l'li' '11flaJLUo'l1rlvi""ajtJ 'tfltJLQvn:: l ~ u;L 1m~L iJ""fl' l \II qJ

(~Ln~iL'!J1~fi't11::nou)

, II _J II , an 1J~Ylnf1 "lemelnschaft

"'

: 'iJ"t111l11!t1LtiD1sj'" utla11 ,aJ,,. L~ofih41"ti' Lfi'14\1w ·(Ferdinand Tonnies) o 'I~ A A ' ,l'. ... ~ ..1 .C I 'II f' •• l.f

"1aJ1 L"DLVi001rlJ1tJw01!ttU::ft''l1flaJ 2 LLUtJ flO LLtJU'YIL 1tJ011 LO LaJ,.'!J1nfl (ge-

meinschaft) LLR::Lm'JJRi'!J1~fi' (gesellschaft), Ln,aJiL'!J1~tl \l\aJ1tJn'l1 ln~m::i''l'lflaJ ... "' • "" '111 1..! • 'I "" ~ 'I .l'e • f'l "" "' IJ1'11L ""fl11aJft'1fl'l/ L"U'11'YICfaJ1'!JO L14ft''l1flaJIJfl11aJ L O~"Dflft'14'Yift'"aJLu"n"LO'I1 L"14

fl11aJLfl1 '11flf fl\" ,.,. Ulr 7 1 aJL \1t1aJtl 1::L VimUR:: ~1iltlaJ'll O'l'l,aJ'!J" fl R Ofl114 n Ofl11aJ

w1fl'qjl"'::uuLfl1oqpiiuuuuF.J14,.o~ln1im::i''l1flaJti'11nR11 lifl11aJfll1tlflft'11nu,

i '11flaJ'!f\4U'YI \l\1oi'11flaJL nl!tfl1 n11aJ ( 'L mesraft'!J1~fit11:: nou)

'U1CJI - moral

: (~n,er"l')

"' 'U1CJI'HUI -soul loss

A .'\': I ..1 ... , t ... 'II ... "' ' !Iii !f I A ..1 : fl11aJL'!JO,.O'I1fl\4ft'iNti00\4LOtl10lJCf1L\I\~,.EI'I1 1fltltl L'liL'lJ 'JI''I1\1011LOfl,10011'YI

,.;'ll\l\1oL'fllJfiR::11n11'11n1tl L~11::~nn1::fh lfltJ01\411flu ·

'UO~'UD~ - fetish

: it~q~"LiJ",.o"lr''aJ,,ii \l\1o~fhL1itJaJ~" niit1fl\l\1o'lliii1flnfl1aJ f" Lfon"1,£io,"1'L\I\no1r,,aJ,,ii \l\1oil1'1l'll1n4i"o~ ·ua::ft'1aJ11fiU14fl1at~

a I 'I I ... 'II~ L OflNROtl1..1 Lfl0tl1'11\l\\4..1 Lfl

332 50376

' "' a-utUJfJfJlfN,I1'UI - culture sub - area

: w1-ur.lm.J~£h11~ou1f1"nJtt~~qJ fi-uilinl!ttu.1n111~ou1f1111LU~1:t~~1mtl-u~Lflt!tr.lou

oon,tJan LLtlnilfl1111«11\l.,~toufr1Lo~

"' &-uti1111,1111J- culture area

~ ...... fiW::alll,fJIJ - sect

S0376

tl .., l tl i flN::cr~.-. 'lfl, ucra, 6_,flnl1ft1Q''U1 - church

: ( 1) n11ffi1::LiitJtJfHJtln'l1 '1JeJ"n~ll~flflfl~iJfl1111LgeJ1111fi\4 \1.4fi1ft'eJ\4LLfl:: . ..

~~n~1111'1leJ"fl1ft'\41~""

().,: I "' • ' ..! \"!"I ..lo e.o ~ fit

2 ft' "nm'-,,"~1eJ01fl11 IJJ" '!Lu\4ft'tl1\4'Yl'Yl1n11ft'nm"n:\j'!l'1vn::LtJ1L -v1LLfl::Ltl\4

ft't11\4~ft'Jl1.4fl1ft'tlf'r1ft'\41 lfltJLG~1::m.h"D"11~"it n1u lthLflft'LLfl\4tl cf11.41 tJft'lf

~7a1fl11eJ"itn1tJ l13T\4fl1'Y1Din L;un·h Cathedral and Chapel

( 3} ft't11U\4~ "'Yh t ~ft'll1~ni1RneijLft'11D£i"fl11ll~1LU\4LL vl"f'r1ft'\41 LLfl:fl1iqJ'll1 ~

110"ft1ft'\41\4\4

-' ...... flf1ft6'U06~Q'HIYI1fl1 - preanlmlsm

... ..II •• ., ... .t ... .l !"I ~ .., t· : 'Yl (jl!t ~'Yl11flfl tl el1lel"'!lfl"11 el"ft nflft''Yl~ (anirnatism) L u\41f1~fi"LfllJLLfl:: \j fl J11.4 \4

ft1ft'\41LL'Yl\4~';1::L~\4fltiiietlft'1"L'Yl1fl1 (animism)

. .., -• -.. flf1nau11Q'l'U, BnlQft'U!JII - etemallsm

1 ..1 I .!:' • t !"I .,: J tJ"" · tl \'1 -1\'1.}' • !"I .,: ..1 1_!.: : 11 \4111'Vi'Yl11fl11lJLLT1';11 "\4 \4L u\4ft' "'YlL fltl\4LL fl" UJ L'll ~1 eJLu\4ft' -3'Ylfl"elij111

.., tl t tl "" ... .. . ..: ..1 !"I 1 ..! tl ... nfl 1ft'1\4 \4'Yl1-3 1'!1''l/1 ~ll1tltl" ~fllln11nL11eJ"ft'"'YlLu\4elij (being) IJJ"L 1tltJ

fi1"'flntJ~fllln11m1Ja~i"~ri1i""nfl1tJLU\4 (Qecoming) t,.~,,.i"flll1'YltJ1LLfl:: "" .. ..1 f"l 0 ..Iii "' "" "' "" !It "" ""'• I ..1 ';11tlf'r1ft'fl1'Y1Lu\4fl1'Yl L'!l'fl1 "n\4111llntJ n1nn\4tJll (temporalism) 'YltlV11n11LtlfltJ\4

LLtlfl"mh" 1JJ~~fl~r.ia\4 flelfl11lJLL n-;,1"~LU\4 -;,1" llel" \ \4LLJ~flllfl~ fl~ n&~tl11ft'1\4 ~ 7 a a n1a niltJll,fftJ n1a niltJll';l::il n11 tl1::\4a11 n\4LLfl:: tl1:: no tJ n\4 ~"L U\4 n11i .:1-

.. Lfl11::~

flflft1161flUQ'fl~f1'U - exhibitionism

334

: ( 1) n11D1flfi"1Ln\4fl1111LU\4';11 "'!la"~flfl.flfia~\l,n~llfl\4 ~1 a t,.~ft'1~11m:: (2) fl1111~111tJ~\ .. n\4fl11J\.J1n~ ~111tJ£i" n11LiJfiL~tJa1tJ1::~l1Jft'1Jfl11LUfiLNtJ fia~fl"t"ft'tl1\4~fl1" 1J t,.,,"'"i'YltJ1 iioLWfl1111Nfltl1n~'!ltl-3~flflfl~laJft'11111tl fl1tJfJ1lfl\4LV-3l~

50376

"""" ~ I ... .., flfln~l~fJS.Il4llfJftln&fltlln~ - endocannlballsm

: n11 OUL ilm,n.~ btm \4 ~~ft'll1in'lJD-3n~llf-ilflllL~U1 nu

.. .. flflfll1SJU11G1~nas.~na~- hermonism

... ..1 I 1 , I A • A ..1 I .~ I t ..1 : Ylflbt~'YI11 ll Utl1ViLL~-3UJn\4Ull (singularism) fl£1 flflYI111J~L~n~flfl~L'Y11\4U'YI

LiJui -3LLn~7 -3'YI1-3i-ilflll null1 M1ViLL \ll-3ft'1n~itUll (upiversalism) flD flfi~·hf-iltUJ 1 t :-'1 ..: 11 .., t ~ 'II I'll J! ... .x. I 1 , t ,¥ :-'1

LYI1\4\4L1J\4ft'-iiLL'YI~1-iiU\4 LLUn~1nnU Lll L'l LL~::Yiflbt~UtlD11ll M1Vi'YI-ilft'D-ii\4L1J\4

L YiU-ilft'O-ilfl1U '!ID-ili -iiL~U1 nu

..... ... flfl~tiSJ'Ilflfl~ - national egoism

: fl11liL imL~::itull11U1:: L VimLL \ll-i~'lf1ii'!ID-ilfl\4D~L ~i1D"D1ii~u fl1llU1 nii~ n~:: ... I ... 'II • I ... t 'I I I ..1 • 'I .'!' • • I .... I

L 'lfOfl1lJ~nU L 1Jn1Jfl11llfl-il L ~LL \4 1LL UYI';l::'YJ1 L l'I01U 1';1'210-ii1J1::L 'Yifl'lf1fl'!ID-ilfl\4LL~ \1 ..:~ II...... I .. • 114111 ,:. .....

L Vifl1~u.,,u LLll~::Ltluoufl11uunu~::L 'YittDu Ltlufl11lli« n~u-iiLL~::n1flr,)ll L"

• I .... ~ I - I 'L.¥. ... I ... ... .. I - ... I .....

1J1::1flfl1ft'fl1LL ~-il'lf1fl'210-ilfl\4 LL~:: nD L l'IL nfi'Y11'YIIJI'-iltlD11'1f1flfl\4L ~UD n11'1f1flOU

... , flfl'lfll\Jl~ • folklore

.. .. a .. • • .1 ... ,.~... A _. I

: fl11llL'IfD L 1D-iiLYIVi\4U1U L 1D-ii\4U1U ~1El1J1::LVinl'YJU-iiL~~D1Dflll1 11llL 1Un11

LUUfl11llj'~;ml~'li1LLlJlJ'If11U1u (~-il~ll'luii.,'lfuLLuui.,Liillri"l~ fluYi',,u~ ~oun17flnbt1ri"l~ ~;D~li1Uii-illl1~'1futhut~qjtui-ilflllri"l~

flii'lf11U1UU11nlj \ UL ~D-ii~LS1RlJfiDTiUli1LUUU1::LVim L'lfu L ~D-ilitU1U II o A I II ...~ .... ~ ... 'II II :-'1..' ... ..

LVi~-ii1D-il fl1ft'1fl LL~::q'tl1btfl9l1-il ') 'llD-il'lf11lJ1"'Yill L•llln11L 'llU\4~-il L 1L1J~~1U~nbtm

anbl-1

..... .., .Jtl. .(.. .( flfiOfJ'IfJ~1tQ~'UfJ~nnfl&ltll - animatism

: fl11llL iD1119l~~htiliiJ-illl1-~iJ~1fl ~; oiJVii-iiD1\41~~ft'1ll11 niiflfiD nu 'fl n1 ..: t ... • ... ..1 !"I ... • ~ -r... II .. I 'II J!"' ....

~1 nft' -il\4 "llD1" 1~L ViU-iiVi D'YI~::L lJ\4 'llEI-il'll ~-il~ 1 EI'!IEI-il" nflft''Yill' nUOll L•l1lJU lJtl E1 . '

I :-'1 ... I o ..Ill! I .. "" • :-'1 "" ~ I "" t 11L1J\4ft'EILL~-iiEI1\41~'YI Lllllfl19l\4 'VI1EIL1J\49l19l\4'll\4ll1 LLfl~::LLUnOEJn~1n19l~\4\4 ')

'11'~ fi1-ilnlJfliiiiEJ~ft'1-iiL 'YI1fl1 (animism) 4 -ilL iD111fl~L~Vi1::eJt11-iliiL ';lfllJfi~il

80376 335

fi1fi'U.W-3£1~ ft'1ll11tlLLUnfi~£JElml1n1fl~,f'U. ') l~ (~li1'U.1, "11Ei-3"11if-3 LLR:fl~iia ~ft'1-3Lfl1fl1)

..... ... '

flfiCI8Na'l~ltl1~1 - animism

"'l • '"' tlltiiJ - totemism

...... ... ... flfi\UJIJ, ~~IJftfllti!Jl - ideology

336

I A ot · A t..... A ... i) k. I I

: LL1J1J£Jtl1-3 fl11llflf'IL~'U. fl11liL'!Jt1 11ll't1-311Jn11flfi£J'U.L 'U.nn~tu:"li£J-3n~llfl'U. L'!J'U.

'!J1~ .f'U.'!J'U. .111m:: nqlli'!J1~..-.~;onqlle1~.., \1n1Ufl'1ft''U.1 ..-.11fln11Lii£J-3 'iR'i

...... I ~ .. k. I WI I .l' I ~ .. ... ·" flfi'U.UliL~R1'U..:lJnn~m:ElU1-3 ~ 1 tl£JliLLn1LLflft'1l1..-.fl1-31Ji.lfl'1ft'fi1LLR::fiWn1£J1n1fl' A .lo.. ~ ..: .l' ... I I~ A

n• n11llflfl1 n'U. ''U.Lfl!Jll\4 LLR:: ft' -3LL 1flnflllfl1-31tai'U.1J11ll"ll£1-3 n~llfl'U.L ~R1'U. flfl

\1!Jli"1Jt1-3 nqllfl'U.L ~ehdtaJ~1L tl'U.~£1-3LLfl nfh~•1nm. t~tJL~fl"111fl LLflfl1.';1::£itJ1-3£J[h-3

fla'1tln\4 L ,f'U. ~flflftft't1~ft\4~£Jij1 'U.'!J1~LftU1 fl'U. .Lfiiio1~..-.fi1-3n'U. fl1';JUflfl~\ltJll - LL 1'\-3'!J1~0'U.LtlU1fi\4 LLflfi'Nfl'U. t 'U.fl~\ltJllfl1-3£11~-.,

80376

...... ftfi\UJ1Jfi'U - egoism

• .,j o ..: A .,. I :'1 .I l .. I I : ( 1) fl1111U14n~114'i1El-3~flflftYI't:YI1~ClY41tft'-3'Jf-3flfi11";1::LJJ14JJ~:: U"!r14LLnfl14 LLfl

rfl,j'~~111Ufl111111';t:: '1iLEl1 t 1 tti~fULRUnLflU1 ~flflft~14fl11fl1i1-3n-3ft'ift'fi1l1~ 'il El -3~14~1 U ~1~ 1 nfitd1fl1111't'!J11El-3fo14L tl14i -3,1 L tl14cf1~ f tJf\1111 Ll 'il'il fl -3fl14

I " .... " I ~~ ~~ I~~ ..: 11111

~ ... ... .... flU1-3 L ~nfl L'i111:: L11Lfl1 L';l Lft' L14ft'.JYIL1J14ft'YI11''ilfl-3~fl14LftU :

( ) ._ ....... I al' ... t .. .'r 11.11 'I

2 RYI11'Yitl£l11 fl111JJJ't::~qflYI-3~ft1U£)1';1U~fl-3tl-3fl1111Jo·.n Lw~::1-3 L14fl14Lfl-3

( 3} n1~1ttJnflfl1111flfiL «14'ilfl-3fi14Lfl-3111nL n14fl1~ L "'f14 flf111fl1111flfl'il£l-3fl14L£l-3 ... I ... A fln11fl1111flfl'ilfl-3fl14El14~11fl

..... tl .. ftfi'Uti1J 1::&ftW - traditionalism

: vhfi~1 otJi'"!rqj1~Ufl11i'tJ 1f"!r1 ~1mi'iflfJ14ft'tl1U14W-3fl11LLR::fl1111L ~Elfl::' ~ nfl111 I :!' ...... .ol . 1..: 1.: .ol l.ol.lo'I"'A 11~ n .. fl-3LLR::fiYILlfl L~U-3.L ~~1::11ft' -3L ~ft114flnYiflfl111';11,nflflfl YI1YI14Yl1 L ~L nfl

.. A .:. .. ..: ..1 ... I... l "10 .... f'r~YI11'1LLR::L "!rfl1114 L 14ft' -3YiflnYIElfl11111nflflfl1111fl1111L ~111::ft'11 flU L1Jfl114-3tl-3

... ... ftfl~'ll,f)~,Q~ - fetishism

: ( 1) fl111JL ~fl'ilfl-3'ili-3 I

(2) n1~1f"!r1'ilfl-3'ili-3 ~-3na11Ltl14f'r1ft'141tJ~::Lrm~d-3 t 14LLfl~; n1fl::114fl n

L"!r14 f'r1ft'141tJ1-3f'r1~141

• • I • u .. "" I u ftfl~'llD~ft. ftflfl11'UUC1f)Q~ft (tlltlltlftfl'lltl) - phallic, phallicism, phalllsm

.. • • ... ..1 :'1 .. :!' .. .. ... 1' • ... • • .. .. : n1~141JtlflEl1141111'~~11"!r1flYILJJ14~ft'•1-3~~flfl1 L'Yin1L14fl (generative) ~~flft'tJ~"l'

.... ..., ... ... " I

(reproductive) fl1411ft'qjftn~nuii14Lfl~fl-3L~f'r (symbolized by the sex organs) '~LLn ... . . .... ...... fl1LLYI14W7El111~';)1ftfl-3 (phallus) El1U1::L~f'r"!r1U (the male organ of sex) RY111'1f'11

._ .:._ I ~ l ~ 1.:."•• El1U1::L~f'r"!r1U (phallism) 1411n~tJflU1-3n·n-3'i111-3 tmn~:.fln~::11UflijYI1 LJJ

t l 'I ..1 I .... l .I ... .. ... A Yl-3 Rn L141J~'tfl1f'r1ft'141YILn1LLnYILlfl LLR:: fiUJJ'tnfl11n11n1~1f.'11L~flfl111J~fl11·

ft'll\j~m (fertility cult) aij~n~wr~mLvl-3 (~tJ~::L~m~14L11'-' UR::tJ~::LVUULL1111.i.1\IU111 t 14i \lflll 'YIUL tl14fi1 mh-3 ), a-3flL U14Wqj in~ mLL 1ll-3vn::L f1tJ~:: '1f'r1ft'14 1D14~ fl£) ~~::th:: (emblem of the Hindu, God Shiva), lin~tJfl111 lwni'fl1\l ') ~'~wi'1-3~i'if'r .r A ~- :'1 .. I ~ I I '!114111 L~Eln1~1f'11fl11lstYI11''llfl-3fi14LJJ14fl1£)U1-3 fl111~stnJ114fl1-3 ') (Vestiges) LL~\1

80376 337

"" A .. ..... .,j 1 .,j... I

flfl1!'\l"lr1a.:lflllnvnJ111nYI'ffl ~'UtJ11fl1fl1W'l.nYIV4.,\.41flU1.:1\T.:I111n, (Charles s.

Braden, in Vergilius Ferm, ed., An Encyclopedia of Religion, london, Peter Owen

Ltd., 1956, p. 580)

... ... flfiiJfiN - demonism

:fl1111~fa11~~a~~7.:~ flaflfi~'Un11U7:nauini~in1-:~lwufl1Wflf n11\l"lr1 • ..... 1 A A I • 0 1.~ .. I .r .. I

'VI1flf41rn1111 ~'ULLtJtJfl'U ') LV4fln11fl1tJ~li'VI1fln11'YI1 Ll'III-IW.:ItJ II-IL"lr'U'Ufl1~':11flij

louJuth.:~ 'J fl1li~'Ufi'U1n11 L"lfou ~fl'Ufi1U NUfltJ Nn7:&a ln'11~YI1fl1 ou1-:~lli

LLa: ifl1~ na1u'11-:~l~ ~iloutl'ou ~ .:~a1n: l ,_r"Yf.:~~nma: t Yl1!tfl1li~Lfi n1m

... , I "' 1' ... , I "' I ... 1' ... i , . I ... , II "'"' flfl lll'lf8'W1::1vl, flfl ll&'lf8'11li'W1::1vl fl18'U1ftCJ'111fl (l'W11:: llll ft1J9H) -

Agnosticism

()!'r ... A..l ... t· ..: 1 ..1 ...

: 1 LlJ'U 'VIanfl1111L "lrflYI'111fi'VIanJ1t4 fiUII-I\.4 1 ma1tJ1.:1R .:ltJ1.:1flU1.:1LnU1ntJfl1111

... I • A I .,j ... ~ .. ... I A " \'l,l',l' I

11 flij'V\1 a1r1 111"lr1fiLL 'VI .:I~ YI11111:Yill ntJ1.:1 n.:~nouau1-:~Laaouaam '111 L · ~"1u ~Lfl nfl1.:1 A .,j I ... .1• ... 1 /

~1 nm YI1'UUll (atheism) Yl1:tJ:flflli11Jfl111J'VIlJ1UlJ{)LW1rfl1111~ "Jffl L 'UL 'YI11111:

(Thomas Ford Hoult :Dictionary of Modern Sociology, A Littlefield, Adams & Co.,

1977. p. 13)

( ) .,j "" ... I a ..._ A ... I f'l A .,j f'l \'1 • r\'1 1\'1 .1' o ""

2 ~nU1ntJYifJ1!tDLL'VI.:I,Y11!'1l11:: 'JJ.:IL"Jfflnt411LlJ\.4L1fl . .:IYILlJ'U LlJ Lll ~" R1'VI1tJ f'..l A I ,l'\'1,1'

1111~ UYI~:tJ11~,YI1!'1111::LL 'VI.:IV41:L·,1 L'l (Dagobert D. Runes : Dictionary of

Philosophy, ed. by Dagobert D. Runes, Littlefield, Adams & Co., 1980, p. 7)

... " flfiCf011liN - hedonism

: ini~ ii a11 n11LLW1.:1'V11fl1111q"'11W111 qJL Ut4Uflfl~tu.1!'1 111LL ~.:~f1fl

.., .., .., f1'11ll,flft'UTIH'1fNUI11ll • cultural conflict

: Ldaw~nin~Ja.:~wa.:~n~llll1fiflfi~f.:~w.,-.,.fl'n" tl1.:1N1Ufh.:~•:itnfiflua:;i,11tu.1

338 so 376

tl1UJftf111tJtlf)fl, SJlUill'n - concept

'I 'I .. ._ ..I !') ,.. ..: t tl I " " !"I : TI1VH '\.H ';)WHlLLtlti~Eh1fl1111flflYIL1J14fi1U. Yl14ft' ..1~0-\lfh1 "'::LTIYI L '21'14 LL111 L lJ14

1 ~ ltl 0 ""' t .. ""' I ..., , I A .,_ t1 o tt

11 14111YiYI1 ft'1'V\.1tiLL111YI-\I'VI11fl tl-\ILL11LL111LLfla::fl101';)';):; 11L 'V\11014 n'U fl1

LU1411114111Yi~O.,&'V11ofl1111tl1fi'1ltl l3.1-hti110!JLU14~min~m::~o.,i.,tt~1141omft' l'VI14 "fl1111~tl11"1711" LU1411114111YiW1Wi'tJ~mft'11UiimJ1-\I'VId-\I~Ltl14na1-\ll3.1~1LDtJ..1 l3.111';l::tl11n!J L14nT~n7::rhL ~0..1Lfl~l 'V\14 'ia'i 11114111Vi01';)LU14111Yina1..1 ') ~ tl1::111aft'ltiU'';l10111YiLQVi1::'VIa1r.J ') 111Vi~0..1i .:I~0..1ti1::L11YIL~r.J1rl14 (L '1f14 LL111)

.. !"I ,.. I ..I ,.. ".!' tl ,.. ,.. I '1111 OL1J14~man~m:: 7111YI7tJi•J1r.J 1::ft'1Yift'11f-lft' LLa::LLr.J noo n111';)1n~o..1fl1.:1 '.l ... A I ...... ~ ... (I 0) .. 1 ,1!"1 ,

n14 IJI'..1fl1..111~man~m::14fl1..1n14 L'21'U fl1 '1117011 14111\'i 11LlJ14111Yi~tl..1o:: 1LatJ

u.t!Ltl14ti1~1rlflfl1111~mft'11Uiit11..1Elth..1 ~11~~un1'11114fi~14L~o 1,Yt17:: 1t~,-ii ~111n14 I A ) .,... 1 t ... " ~,.!' .. """' " 'I 'I " (L'21'U fl1111~fl11"1'111 ~1111 14111\'i 14L'1El.:ILLtltlq'fiYI1tl14 •tt flO ~YIL~1 L';)LLa::tJEl11 L'21'

••o- ,. .., ~~~ ,...,.. • !"I""'• o •• .., f11';)1 Oflfi1111Lfltl1 OUL '21'1414 1111 01.1~014 'VI 1 Eltl1';)L lJU~YILatl 001'111Uflfl1';)1 Oflfi113J

..I 'I ~ . 1 , I "' .~ A !"I ... ,.. " fi111'YlfiUYiO L';)~UL0-.1 fltl 11fl1 ..10ti~EIU IJI' ..1LlJU"aL 'VI~~El..1011flnLfltl..1~fiLLtl..1fl1111

A rll ... ,.!' A ( I 1 ... , 1 ... ..,(

flflL '11114 014 •l'Yl1..1'VIU..1 L '21'14 11 14111\'i fi113J~f111"1 '111 ~0..114 1tl n. 3Jfl1 .:1 Oti'YIU1tl

.. .. I) 'I .. A I ... 1 ' ""' 0 'I " ... ~. tlflfiEIOij LU011fl0~1'Yl1..11'11'1011 LLfla::ft'1~101UUJ U111YiYI01'VIUfl L"li'OU

LU14L~Yi1::~o..1LLfla::ft'1~1 LUfl1111'111111tJ~LLflnf11..1n14 l~ L1i14 111 U111Vi "fi113J

~ n~o..1" t u 1"11'1 tli'"ll'qJ101';) l3JL 111ilou nuL" 1"11'1Uflfl1 ft'flf'VI1o1'21'1i ..1fi111'YltJ1

"' fl11SJI'Iff) - belief

( ) .., " " 'I " A ,., I !"I .. -.. I ~ 1 -..

: 1 01'1tl0111ti~OLft'UO~O Lfl~O'V\14...1 111L1J14';)'1..1 011r.J011'1tiL'IJ14U fltlft'11flfl::

S0376 339

.... :tt' "'.... , .4 ~ • tJ fl11liL 'li'00111:LlJ\4fl11liL 'li'EIL 'll'~1fiU1f'r1Wfl1 fl11liL 'li'O~li.:J1tJ ~"l£lfl11liL'li'OLL &m

ifln11nl~· fl\4L110111:n1:rhn110U1.:JLL~..t"li'\41;~f'~~'ooti1~U1fll.:J~1tJfl11ll "' ..Ia '1.1'! I .... ..1 0 .1'! ..I ..1 ,!' I 'I ...... ' 0 ..111 ~ A

L 'li'OfiNfl ~•lL f11 t) n1Jflf11•11tJfl11liL 'li'Ofl~ n"O.:J OtJ1.:J ~ 1 nfl n11 n1:f11fl ~'Dft'fl

U'l/'111 lfl 'J nfl1ll Utlll~o .:~o1fltJfl11llL too ij~1tJLWll o utlw~ut}l 'l/1Ltl.:J,f\4o1t

1 fll1flfiW01Jfl11liL to ua:fl111~fl11l1Wll\l1N ~ n~o.:~,o.:J~\4 J1\4fl11liL ioi\4 ll

(2) r:n1uolli'ufma-\4o-n'o 1fi,Yo~d-:~11Ltl"'' .:~ 1flu~u~iJllV.v•"~'o lllo11

wvt"'~fluiin11,0.:JifltJ1f'r1Wflf

ftlu.u4et.l1anh1, ~11cu:: .. myth

A tJ .... tJ tJ olll ..Ioiii 0 .... 1 I ..: ..1 f"l : \4tJ1tJfl1ll 13J 11 1:LVn\~flllfl11lJW1fl'l/fl'Hf'r1W\41 fltJLO.Vn:EJtJ1.:JtJ.:If1LlJ\4

..I ..1 ..., • .: ,.. • .fl! • • 1"1 •• II L 10.:1111L ntJ1 nunt n11li,O.:JW .:Jli01\411L1'114El1f11ll'll'1fl ~10L u\4Wllllfl\4tJ1tJ ~\4

3tJ,o.:~n11tJ11tJ1mflu1riull"n.,Lilfl"ll£1~in-,1llf11.:Jfr1w\41 1f11l1Litulln1-:~i.:~flll .. tJ , ..

~10 11n{ln11tl41f11ll'll'1fl

fllUJU1::Ttq"- conduct

.. ..1 • 1 . .. .. • !"L..'I.t- ... ....~ .... : ~qfln11llfl~flflftn1:f11 fltJfl1\4.:Jn.:J~10Lu""" •Utt1ll111fl ~ftnf'rft1f11ll 1J11flfiJ1\4

.... .. , ... '"'tJ· ~ .... !'t"' LLft::1'1ann11f11.:111tJf'r1Wfl1LLft:q'\4f11tJff1a'fl1 ~liOL 1tJ1JTt1Jft'fl1 Lftn0\4 ') fl11ll

'tJ1:~q~,o.:Jlll.\1!tUi:iln1!tm:Ltl\4~q~n11ll~n1::YhltJ1fluf'nti1 I

fllUJIIJflfllnla.tl - benevolence

: (~n11t.hL~t}ltJ1: lu'll'") , '... ... ... fllliJ IJIUtlf'IIUti'U, 8lt·Ufl • ahlmsa

.... .. I 'I I .... ..ltJ ... - .... II tJ .. ... t ... .. , : anlfLL ~.:Jfl1':1ll Llll"" 1-:Jfl.:Jfl {!Ufln\4 ~" 1:Lflff0\4LfltJ fltJll1'11flll:fl1\41fLLiil::ff1!ttJ

0 tf .. I ~- .... ....~ .. Ioiii 1'1 I .

fl1\41'1ll1tJfl11ll11lln.:Jn11fl0"1\4,fl,11.:Jfl ~llllfl11lll\4LL 1" LLfl ~ll11llfl11141ft11ft

Elft1'1a.l1\4 f.nTnt::Lfiflf\lLWJJ£1 \\4 n11 lt.~1!ttl41L -Aon11tlOfL "Jill;i ( ~ifltJ1Lfl11:~ tJ1::nou)

fll1SJ,,U11tlflll'U - normlessness

: n17llliju11li'flJ1\41fl 'J fl11J~IJ\~fl"Ell.\1allfl1ll

340 50376

.. , "' ft1UJlD8SJ Cffi1YI111 - pathos

: fl11llfwn~n~"LLft:'VI1..1LL'VI'U~iifie«:cnw ill!in,;m ~,;fl 'VIinflft1f11ll m1llflt~ 'VI 7 Elfi1LL 'V11i..1'VIl41~\t~ nmll ~fl14~\tJt14i ..1flll ii E111iifl11llW1ti ll!D ..1R1'VI i'ut11111

El~ 1Eifl fl11ll~'Ufl..1 'VI7Eifl11llL'i;ll!t\'1,1'VIl41'i!EI..1i..1flll i ..1L 'V1rhd~:iiu11r.n n1fl

'i!EI..1fl11ll"JJi..1LLft:fl11llftn~inf ua:vh \ ~fl"ii~fl h~n~'UVfi~'Ull1nD"~" \"

tJ11U1n1flL ,r"d n11Y,1fi'VI7E~ivnn~i~11mmh..1fl1 "'tJt11 ..1ll1L fiinnui ..1L 'V1fi1d

~: '3Jiin1..1LU'U' tJ'fi'UUJ

fi112JG:Itle,.1u, 811JJa1a:aiie'"1' - emotion

tJ .. ~ ... ... .......... -" .. ~

: 1: RtJ n11 tl4"11 tJIJI'EI'UL 'If "i R nfl1L nU1'11EI..1ntJ n11 n1: .,~'ULLft: n11fl[JtJR'UEI..1fl1..1

-~flinu1LLR:w;,;,r.n \'Uin,;m:~wu1u\~ 'VI7EI 'llwtnu\~ Jnuwfi..1EIEimJE~u 'J

_fi'1Ufl11llf«n1"" 1" fl11llfwmfl;ufl 'VI7E~f«n~"Ll" ti1ml1..1"JJD..1EI11llm

w::LnEI'Uh 'fi'url fl11llln11f t11111ni1 fl11ll~'U1llV fl11lli'n fl11ll~n,J[fln .. "' "' <I "' "' "' "' fl"l12JCf2Jft,.11YIH1fM,.11112J, CfS.Ift,.111llftYIH1111,.11112J- culture relativity

• •

......... !"L..tJ \ .......... ... : 1l11::fl~fJfln11ll'iJ[J..1fl'UL'Uft'..1flll~::LlJM 1::n11 fl UEillllfl11llLnU1'iJ[J..1ntJ1W1f11ll

... ~ ........... I<III•A I\ ..... 'i!D..1ft'..1flll'U.'U ') 'VI1EIEin'U.U'VI'U..1 1.ai'U.1f11llUEillllEifl1f~RflElfl'U 'U.ft'..1flll fl'U.fl[J~

\u1fli'U.1f11lltl1..1mwEill~'l~n11llfi1..1ri'U m1 n1::vh~iiE1-l1 t1lw11t111 \" iwt1111

'VI d., El11~:: iiE~11L U'UL ~£l..11f11llfl1 \ 'UB n1fli'U1f11ll'VItt..1ri'1.fi' L '2i'U. n11,r.,, '111~1., fiE~'VI141(llll lll . iiE~11 '11Rllfl11 R1'VI i'u1.a~'U.t11ll' nu

ftlYil,.lU - prophecy

: thfi1'U.1UL'VI~n,.imn1u'VIu1'liEI..1fl1«fl1~u1n1m t11Yhl41tJL'2i"d Jn';l::~u\" tJ1::L ~n1t.Ji'lltJ11'i!EI..1fl1ft''U.1tl1..1 'J lflmt\ ~1::fr1a-'U.1"JJEI~1 nih t11Yi1'U. 1udiiDni~ft tlei..1flll111nl4E~uti1..1 'J ri'U.ul1utln1tit

ftGIS.Ifl - kismet

.. .. - ... : '!r::ft1 n11llfl1llfl11llL '!rEI'i!EI..1"fl1ffl1R'U. 1EIRR1ll

~cu,au - sorcery -

: n11\fo1'U.1';1i'au~'fi'll1';11n1J"~tlff1'i'V17EI'fi'll1lfluiin1..1'"u"1"flf lt~u ,t, 'J 'tJ n11Yi1flt14,ft'ULU'Un11\o!'twuff1Rflfl'U.n1..1\~n~ t11..1nut11 Black

magic

50376 341

.. ., lfl1fJUH"UfJ~"UQ:/I - amulet

"" • A tJ .., ~ 'il .!' !"I • • k A .If "" 1 .., .If .,.. : 1fl~W'HILfl"Hh1 1:fi1Jfl~13J rHu'UJJ1tJTl..,1£l'tJ[).:J'tlrt.:JLVHlueJ.:JTl'U 1fltltJ ueJ.:JTl\.4

• • 'il • .If ~ t'!f'l ... ( ... ... .... Tl11fl1~nLfl1 L~tl ..,1Eluei.:Jrt'U~ufl1';J£l\.4 ') ~'tl£l.:J'tlrt.:JLLft::Lfi1~HI11.:J'tl[).:J'tJR.:J

tl1:neu)

... }Z' lfl16~1H"UfJ~"Uu~ - talisman

: 1fl~~L fmiWl1~13J11tlU£l.:Jn\.4 t ~~\.40Ufl11tJ';J1 ni .:~.f1i'1tJ ..,7 EJ"ff1tl'-b 1 "Jrfl~ll1 t ... .... ~ ... ... ... 1 .1' • .. .. .... ..,fl113J'tlft.:IUU£11';J~Tl,..\.4 Tl1JL 1El.:Jfl1.:Jfl11LI.ft:: "Jrfl'Jl'::f!1•11tJ fl1L fltltJLfltJ.:JTl\.4 fleJ

amulet LLft:: fetish

.. lflQ~- a trick, secret key,, secret device

..

( ) .... ~ .. .. II ~ I II I .I

: 1 \.4, 11JTl11fl(l.ft1fl ,..ftnLL,..ft-:1 I.'Jl' L'UTl11BtJ1.:J LflEltJ1.:J..,'U.:J

( )

0 I t I .,f ~ A ... I ~ .... _., 0

11 • ... ... • J! 2 Tl11Tl1::fl1£ltJ1.:1 fl[JtJ1.:J..,'U.:JflL'Jl'[)Tl'U11LuU11Juf1Lu1 ..,1£lTl'UtltJ ..,1£lL..,~11tl

~-;J::iiJJ1 L"ffu tl\.4 la!tJ1.:J'Jl'ilflllJii~n. Lt£JnWJ1 li'1L£l1iiflltliuiuLUULflaflLLK1 .. -;J::JJ~n

(3) ~1J1tl, L~\(, r'lftLa1fl, L"lfu fLflafl iiLfllfl Lflltufu

(,..';1'"1'1n'JJ(I,UtJ11"JrumiAflu~n1u, 2525, u. 194)

91tl1i11J.J - ethics

91t1111J.J lthlflCJUfl'l.ltf • Pro.estant ethics

342

: ~Dtl1::,..t]fitl~Uiifl1JJ..,Lfnt11c.-eu'll£l.:Jfl1ft'u1fl;~tl'iln1u 1tl1Lflft'LLflutl' 1t1uiin11

J1fl11JJ';J; .:1 t ';Jfl£1,..1::L f111 ..,, Tlll"'\17Viifl1'i3J';J; .:1 t ';Jfl£l,..1::L f1LLK1 ~11111 tlflflflB

ntJ,..1::L f1 ll£fltJ l1Jf1EJ.:J~1U ,;t' Tl1J1'Jl' ~ .:JLtl1tJ1JLft'QEI'Ufl'U Tlft1.:Jf .:1911 .:J~13J ntJfl1ft'El\.4

't!El.:Jil Tl1tJfl1flEJin ..,Lfnfl1ft'El'Ufi13J~;!J1J1 13J 1tl1Lflft'LLfl"Utr~::L "Ufl11lli1LU'U

t\.4n,.,.;,.,.:~f1flLtlouw1f1'lJ chut..,qJ-;J::ne~t~LnfllfliLfl117Jn"'~" EiuL~JJ';J1nifli U';JL';Jn~flflRiltJJJ ..,1m~1iluJJ auLtlu..,lnt1'ift'£l'U~«.:~L~;llfl11JJ~1JJ11tlL(I.,..1::ti1 I

~flflft't!EJ.:Jll'11!tV "'"nft1tJLtlwr~uiluJJtuit~., (u.1.}

S0376

.. i ,t1tlft111fl1 - ethics

..

.. ..1 "' I :If. a&! I" I ..a .. I I o : nTl flm~nL mn nu~nunLLa:fl-11llwiJnU1f~£l~~mfl1YUJfiEILL uuetn~nTl" n7:'Yl1

LLa: nTVI"fln17tJ~Ufi ff~flaJ1'YlU11bl4~~nt;-1L flu1 nt.J';J1;fl LL '1 ~U~flt.J'Yl1~ff~fl3J m.,. tJi'uti1 l11L 1i'1 fl113JLiu.,.:uu tliJI~,~~fla.~ ~u,"n,.,.tJ~atJLLa:fl11aJn11'VIu1

'Yl1~ff~flll n£l1';1'11ll£l~L"~£)1JL~fl~£)~';17Ufl1t'fflf~1U ih L-B1flfl ') 1flul1l~fi1

·h L i ~ff~flll tJ7:.n£lt.J~1ULLl1 ';17Ufl1t'fflf,j'n;,:~3J1Un~tJf"ll'qJ1'h~1Ufl113J • I ... ..a.. I .. ... (" I ..1 ., "' .... ,tl,. ,tl ) u'1:YHJfl'Ylfl£l11~n'VI'1 £l~fl LliL nU1~£l~nt.Jfl11llflnflt'f'Yl1f 1J.1 •

t11fl - mores

I A -.,- ... "" .... I lol .. .., ..

t'f ~Lt'f'1llfl113J~1~nft'1t'fflLLa:m13Jt'f ~t.JL '1Ut.J'1£lU~£l~t'f ~flll L "11'\4 ~nfl£l~llnflqj tijnflL 1'Yl

1 1 1 .. ~.. I ~~ )/ .. .11 ~~ 1 I ""' ....

fl£l'ViEILLaJ ';11'1fl"fl£l11Lu"Yi"J1" ~£l~flat7'13J n171"11~"~"';1: ~ na~ 'Ylt;.£lU1~';1'1 ~';I~

LLa:l"LL '1 ~n11n1'1~itJ"LLUt.Jm.h.:Jt'1'13JLUU:IJ"11'11U1",.t1 ') ltJ

... ' tfi,Ulft1fHI - mental defectiveness

.. ..,

""' ... .-. I 1 of AO ~0 ~~~-: ant;.m:'VI"~~£l~';Jflt.Jnvne~ (mental deficiency) flUu'1nflfl1'U"13J1 L"ll' L'VI3Jfl113J'V13J1U

i1 nfl£i~1111:fl1t.JLff" ~~flfla~fl113Jt'f1:1J1'1 flfl1:1Jn!)'VI3J1U LLfl~L "11'11~Uqj qj1£l~ ~1 n11'1:lutJ7 nfiL~ nueu ~a'V\1'1LLt'ffi~L "11'11~ ~£l~~flflal~ m=i11d£l~'1::'VI11-:J 70-79

tflll~flJJ - social mind

1 ..1.,""' a ""' .. ... A I !'11 I" : 3J 'U111'Vi'Yl" nt'f .:Jfl3J1'YlU11J1.,1fl" L "Jl"'V\3J1Ufi.:Jfl11:1JLL 'Yl~ '1 .:J~£l.:Jn~ll ~'1 Lflll (Durkheim)

\l'ni.:~fla.~1nu1"11'11~f.:~Lflt'f ~~mtin1"11"1i.:~fl3J1nm'l..rLtl"o".,.:fl1-:~ltJ~1n1"11'1 ~fl1nmt"na1.:~-.,ntflfl1'1'1t;.~ 2s lirJ1fl11:1JH1fiqJ~e.:~:aJ l"111'V'td 1tt~une11n~ll ~fl113JLLti~7 .:~~e.:~fi"Le.:~ ~fl113JLU"£l~L tl"at'f7::911-:~'V11 n~1 n~m1a~L tl"t'fll1in

!'11 .... I .I . .. I ..1 .... I I .. .I .. ~' Lflll fl£l11u71n!Jn17tufl1-:J ') Lnmnun~:IJ L"ll"" ~"t.JI'1'1:1JL"U:IJu'1::L'Vinl.

so 376 343

11fill~1~" fl1111fWn'11£J.:Jll1ft~"~7D~.:J~" LU\4"Jimn~~;.:J'Yl1.:Ji.:Jflll (social fact) • ..: I .., A ,r 0 I

~,- DW -3l.L'Yl\4 ,-1lln\4 (collective representation) L nfl'1l\4L Vf,-1:: n1,- n,-::'Yl1,-::~11.:J

"" "" '1 1 '"' 1 A A .J .!' tl I' I ~ ...... !"I n\4'Yl1.:JW.:Jflll L\4~\jWll1~n LLflLl!DLnfl'1l\4LL~1 ,-1n~Jn1,-tuL~ft1\4nllfl111JL1J\4

LelnL 'Ylff LLft:iJD'YliVfftL ~\1Dfl11ll(wnLLft:: n!,- n,-:n1'1l£1.:1Wll1in m,-l..rfi1 '1flW.:Jflll"

• A l( 0 "" "" • I I I \II ...... "" I'~ o 'I..¥, "' 'I nLVtelr.J1fl11l!W1fl'lj'llel.:JW..:Jflli~,-£Jn~ll LLflelt11.:J L ,-nfl ffVf'Yl\4'Yl1 Ll'IL0flfl11l!L'111 L~

WUW\4 vh l ~diflfl11l!L ,., hNfl'h n~ll~; DW.:Jflllil~ifl~fl h'1l£J.:Jfl\4LD..:JL "Jf\4L~r.J1 , ' . .

... .. ... ... ... ... -~ ... .. ... .. 'I"'"" .. .r nUli1117U \4nW.:Jflli1'Ylr.J1Wllr.JlJ~~U\4~.:JllnLftr.J.:Jn1,- L~ffVf'Yl\4

it errhi -geophagy

... ' ... "' ... l.:tflflfl, 'nl'n, 'nfl"ftft - attitude

1"' .. \II.!'... • ... ~ !"I I 'I tl ......... : LL\41 \4li'Yl~flflft L",-Ull1~,-m,-r.J\4..1111 LLft::nft1r.JL1J\4LLUUDU1.:JL\4n1,-LLWfi..:J ljn,-r.J1

w\l'uw'1"~7mtl"tl~un~flDu1-:~i.:~u1.:J£JrJ1.:~~7£Jflfl~flflftU1.:Jfl\4 rhfi~7£Jnff\4flfi .r ... \II.. ... .... !"I "' I • ...

\4L~\4 Lfl~1nVfqfln,.,.l! 'JJ.:J£11~L1J\4LLUUL'111\Y (approach) ~,.Dtl£1\4fl1fl£Jn (with-

~.!' .!' ~ "" ,.j !"1 iJ tl"'"'"' A .ot I 'I drawal) n L•l LLft::•11r.JL ~~" 1fl~'YlL1J\4L 1~111r.J'1lfl.:J ljn,-u1~..:Jfl1~~=ll~tufl1 L"

'Yl1.:JU1 n~ 7 fl ftU rfl(L \4LL~'llfl.:JLLflft:: ~flfllil

· &.:aft-QR - soul • stuff

o :J... • A tl o "" I' • "" I 'I I ... : £11\41~ftftU~,-fl1'ljqj1tu ,-::~1fl111'1t!tr.J ~,-£11flqflr.J1.:J Lflflr.J1.:J~\4.:J

'I ... ... • • ... 1 "' "' : n1,-LLWfi.:Jfl11l!W'I.H~VfLfft!t fl11l!Lfl\4L£Jr.J.:J ~1flfl11llft1Lflr.J.:Jfl£Jnll1 flr.JL'111'1J1.:J

~flflft n~11 fl11llflfiL~" ~7Dn11tl~Uiotl1-:~lt~£Jtl1-:~~d-.:~l~L~£J~flflft~£J.:JLaflmm 1::Wl1.:JWO..:J£Jti1.:J

lt~an, lcwftlema- chance

: n1,.~~'1l£J.:Jtl,.,nlJn11m1"'Yl1..:J~ll'1t!tVt~w1111,.tlfl1U~ll~;on1~""'~

344 50376

.f'U•\m11Jil';'n - proletariat

t I ,.,a L .. .. L ..a.. .. .. .. t ,ttl : '!f~"Jf~L"I'Iqj'Yl~fl ~tf-ilflll~~~tlll ~'Yl'l'lt£Jtf-ilflli~El-ilfl17~ 1111n'JJ '!f~"Jf~~ 1::nm.J

.1' ..l'l"' !"I .. , U ..,. .., .. t .. ~ ..... •11tlfl\lo'Yl '!f~L 1 -iln1mu\lo"l'lt:tn ~n11 7::nm.JEJ1'JJVifl7 -i1~1lln1J"Jf~"1f~\l't"D1ft 'JJ"

ii~1~ 1~fl7El1J~1 'l ~~-ilflliL dEJ-i1~1nLU\l.Lf1~El-iln77llft'YlfLfl~El-iliiEJ~L ,r'l ~ n11~afl

........ ••n11n11- ceremonial

: ii~mwl1Ui~EJ"~in11 thdEJ1~\fnun17n7::n1"1'17EJiqJ\tuliLan 'l \lou 'l L,r~ n17iuilm'I7E:Jn17Yin'Yl1tl~-il~::,~\fl7\,Yt'h·h~in17 (ceremony) 1J1-il 1E:Jn1ft~ 'l ""!"l e ... - t ~ 0 I

'JJL u~fl1~ 1llllfl'l1ll\'lll1tJL 'Ylti1JL 'Yl1 n1Jfl111 ceremony

.. .. l'lf~fl~UJftft - idealistic

() ...... 'l 'l ..a •• -~. : 1 n17LLftfl-ilfl11llflfi"1'17ElYiqfln~7ll fl 'J EJE:Jnll1 \lo'Yl1-ii'YltfElfl-ilfl11lltlflll\lo"I'I7El

fl11l1Vitl1tl1ll n 7:Yi1fl1ll ~ flllflii L tl~ n11 ~~ 1~fl El f"~'~7 ElL tl~ nTl" 1'1 "~~fl~ 1 n11

L ~El 'l ~~ nfi1111::~El"fl11llftll\l't mv "~fl ( )

... ... ..1 ... I t ... 'l ... 1• I I

2 1f.U~1r77liU1J1J\'I~-ii'YltiElli71J~nlofl1'Yl-ii'Yl1-il~fl ~LL~::'Yl1-i11fl~ Uflf1El11~nlofl1

'Yl1-i11fl~LU~LYltJ-i11in17,tl\i~flllflfiLYh~~ 1tu~l77liU1J1Jdft~\1\~n17LLU~-ilitl ..1 .. ,I t 'l 1 ..ltl \-~ K \ ... I • ... 'YILnfl~~ "" ~ ~n'Yl 71nQ l'IL"I'I~1tl\l.Elm~a:: ~fl1~flflftUflft:fl~ u~:L"I'IliEJ~nu ... 1 .. ..a... II II ..: ..1 I I , ~. 1f.U\lol77liLL1J1Jll ~flfl (ideational type) fl't -ii'Ylllfl11llft~L~ L\loft-ii'Yl~ij\'11-il n~ tl-iltl~ ,

Uft::L U~L ~El-il~ft J1~ L ,f~ fl11ll~fil77li'Yl1-ili-ilflliLL~::fl11liL YhL fiullfi~

80376 345

\

~fl7 "'ti1~Lft'~El (Goerge A. Theodorson & Achilles G. Theodors~n : A Dictionary

of Modern Sociology, Barnes & Noble Books, 1979, p. 429)

(2) Lthuh 2 ti1 11~ri" flEl l'lrflnu~:" (..,~"1~n7~QUU71'lrlim4ifltJft'Cl1",

2525) '

2.1 l"ll'fl "· i.,~,.t,~~~,l~ lfltJfl1fi'V1~1u1~u1n L'1f" l"ll'fl.ill'lrfrf1u linitu~ 1-rlwrn"~ L'1f" "1tJLLfi.,LU"fl"iil"ll'fl (". 275)

... .I. I 'I " "' ' ... !'I ' ~ .. ... I ... "

2.2 ~1" '\.l, Lfl7El"'V1~1tJ'Ylu71n~ ~ 'VIL 'VI"El'\.lLu"~~11tl'VI7Elfl L "ll'" S1"fl ~1"'ntJ

LLfllinittJ~L-rl"'Yl1·,1'l1tJ L'1f" L1J1~fiLU"ft1" ("· 708)

..: ... ... fll", tNflfi~11UI - taboo

: n17 n1'VI"fl~1~1 1 ~"~:u-.,~~l~s" l'YllY 1411fltJDfll"miYi"YI~iin11S::Lijfl LU"

• -" .I ... ... 1 .t' • ... .t... .t .. n17n1'VI"fi~1~'YlEl1fltJ..,S"fl11J~~~" 'Yl1Y~1tJEl1"1'flnflft''Ylt11El"fl1ft'"1'V11El

1wun1wflf LLS::Lu'l.ln17fl11J~~'Yl1-:Ji"fl~~1u1im,-l ~~::L 1" lfluti1it"~"D"fl11tJ .,j ... ~ , 0 ,._.fa .{.,j.,j t; ... ,._ 0 t I 0 'l.t'.!' .~--'YJ';l:: L nfi1J"';l1 nEJ1"1';Jflnflw'Ylt'YlL ntJ1"11El"U"fl1J n11 n7::'Yl1l4"Elij 'Yl1 ~ ~~EJ"u~Ufl

t; t; t I I ...

fi1~1JEl'VI1aJl4 "EltJ1-:JLfl1 "fl7fl

u ... ... I al Ylft'Uflfl • (~l.,flflfl, Yllfl : attitude)

I ... , ... .., ...

Yllfl - (~l.,flflfl, Ylft'Uflfl : attitude ...

'J'U'UUJI ·capitalism

346

.0. .I 0 'l.t' "" • I A :!"'1 "" al .,. • I : 1:: 1J 1JLfl11Y J n';l'Yl'Yl1 L ~L nfla uLL1J1J'HLlJ"fln1Ym::1JEl"7::L 1Jtl1Jft' "fl~1JEl" u1::L 'Ylfl

~L';l7qjn11'VI"1'Yl1"~flft'1'VIn1;~ ft'1Lfm.;·cU~Lfl" ') ij.;.,;i (n) ~flflft ~"&i1" LL~~ "" !'I ..- .., .t'l .1... "" .I !'1 • '"' .!'

1J771Y'Yl Lu"~~n113Jft''Yllr ~"'Ylfi"LLS:'Yl1..,tJ1n1'YlLu"~" (11) n17fi1L"""1"¥11tJ

n17LL ,J",j" L~Eln1 1 11JEI"~LU"Lof1"JJEl"LUl4Cf1fi'lJ ( fl) n11 n1::~" L ~L nfl1ft'1'VIn';l

· (") n17L~~n17l"f1fi1.J7:ii1Yf (';!) n171.Ji'utJ1"n77aJ1i'Yl1"L'YlflUfl (Q) n17fli..1

iiLfn1Ym:LU""1W~11l'qJ~Lfl1Y ("11') iin11"JJtJ1tJn17~RfiEJth"71fiL 11 ('11) iin11

1JtJ1[Jn17fl1LL~1tJJ11~ n ( qj) ii n11 11~ ril4LUl4El-3fln11~ii1l" 1fiL 'VI qjLL~:ii..,Lf" LU"~1"1l4aJ1n~" ~.,;1L~L nfl (£1) LEJn'lr"fl11J~~i'JU1ft1tr1!1" (~) 1111:Lfl71YJn';l

~ "' ~ ...~... ... ..: ~ ... .. • 'l.t' ... fl nfi1L U" 1:u:: ') (J) .El-:Jfln11LL H"1"'Yl11..,~"L ..,~1J"L 1EltJ ') '11-:J'Yl1 ~ ~fl""1"~

-~ ..... ... .t' ft' Cl1l4111..,fi1J"LLA:: 11El'Ylt~fl•11tJ

80376

........ ..l .•• ..,. - • .I ......... fl1;)1 nflfl11lJYifi'HLLtii::LL 1 "n11tf1'VI11Jfl1~'1.4'1.4tlll fiEl A 111-.,YI~Ull J11.4::tnfltlJ

L 'VIilm!;J'ftJ~'I-4 ') Loij 1fl1 -3td'1-3~1 n1 1flvl3Jfi1il-3ii-3A1~m;.m~"~U-3L~qJL nfl~ 'VI1El~'i111Elij fl1VL 'VI~~~-3mhl l«·h 1::tJ1JLfl1~Jn';l"JJEl-3&f'V1111-., 1'11L1VfiLU" 1::1J1J

~" ittJll lfi'L '7f"LfitJ1 n1J"lJEl-3AWfJElLll7 n1

<I II <I IYiftfUI1ft1W, 1Yift~ftr.Jlft1W • oracle

: (~At11'1.4LYI-.,-.,tJ1n1m)

"" " IYilfiWarl •

: U. El1"1fqJ1LYI1fl1, LYI1fl1til-3 1n~ 1J1-3fitl1::A-3flLEl1Yf1~h

(-.,';1"1~n13J'luu11"1furn4iflvAfl1"· 2525, "· 404) 'VI3J1VLEl1th1n~n11m"V~1El

L'VI~n11m~LU"ElUfl11tJEl"LOfl~'1.41fltJl3Ji'A1L'VI~ L'tfU Yf1~1 LL~U~Ut1~3J L'tfu

~ '111 •• 1 ... ""'·I 1 .t: ... I ... I ..1 .. -1 .. ~I L'VI~n11nl.1JL"l11 Ln1::L1JfiYiu1::LYifl flnlJL1JtJ, LL~"f1Utltii3JYIL3Jn'11 n L3JElu -.,.fl.

2528 Ltlufi'u (~L;ivu)

.. I .I "' • ( ) A : "· flf!LL'VI-3~113Jfl1 3 u1::n11 fiEl "1111 -.,V1~ 3J1nl.:: -.,';1'1.41~n13J'1, U. 404 '11-3

... .t I &.o ~ ..1 "' ... "' .I ..1 ... I '"' I

L nfi"JJU~113Jfi1LLnft'11-.,Afl1 Yl~nflUf!El-33.1 f!El..1u1::A1J YIL 1tlfi11 L 1tJU11tJ911tJ

LOfl LUU~"

1Yil1i111..1-

..

: "· ~113Jff1Wf1JLYI1fl1

- ~113Jff1'VIi'1Jfh~flflt'IL~Li~I"LYI1fl1 fJEl ~7LLtil:: 1Elflfi'tltl::

(-.,;Ju1~n13J'1, 'lU1J11"1fum4iflvAt11"· u. 404)

lfllUrJ1..1 - (1) deism

' .. I ... • I • ... ... , I • 1... ... : L "11El113JL Yl1fl1u1 ::;J1~113J"lf191 ( q'"lf-., 'i qJqJ1~111-.,, fl1A'I.41Lu1tl1JL Yltl1J, 3J'V\1-

1YitJ1~tJ113Jfl1LL'VI-3, 2528, U. 27)

: fl113JL ~ElL "fl113J~Elij'LL ,_,.,..,1::L t1'V11m Y11fl1 1flvl3Jfi'El-3L ~ElL u n11LLt-31J1L ~3.1~~6 YI111J~1"~-.,v1n1m'VI1EJ"(]fl (q-~-.,. (el'1-3LL~1), u. 28-29)

so 376 347

'

• (2) theism ,

( ) ...... ..a ... I ... ~ " 0 ..: II I .. .. ~ t ..

: 1 14. t:~fln'IL~EI11li'Vf1::L-.1~fi'HEI11411tJ-3L~qj'Vf1::EI-3flLfltJ1 vn::L-.11414 fi'Hll

a1\4 11fl'1EI1Jfl'1EI-3lt:~n LLfl::ft'1ll1'1tlflfl~\4f11flfl11liLU\4 ltl\\4 lan

(Vi1141~n'1ll tujtJ'11~um-fifltJft'tl1\4, "· 404)

(2) L~EI11'Yi'1::Lf1Wi'1-3lt:~n (q'i'Yi ~qjqj1~111"t'i (tl1-3LL«1), \4. 26)

l'rl11tJ -

: 1-L. tl .l'• ..a .... ( .........

J L fl"t'iL·,J1~'1 ElL fl1fl1fiLfl1'1"t'i\41JtlEI "t'i1\41~n'1ll Q1JtJ'11~1Jnl.'t'lfltJft'tl1\4,

\4. 404) tl71ni)\14JtlLfl1'1'Yi~7Eitl1LLfl\4fl11liLfl1'1"t'i (th1ni)\'UJtl tlDll1'lJEI-3

1t11lan- god world

: \4. 3JijLtl\4~ft'£ifl'llfHLfl1fl1 (Vi1\41~n'1ll tL_UtJ11~um-fifltJft't11\4, \4. 404) IJij

LU\4 ~ft'£ifl1 qjqj1nl.'lJEI-3~thL oW qj~nl.fl11llfi111tJ~R-3fl1tJ ( 1J.1.)

.. I'JI11'JIU1 - theology

A I ~ .l' ... ... .. I ~ ... l ( : "· 1~111•l1tJ"t'i'1::L-.1 LL~::fl111ift'll"t'i\4~.,::~11-3"t'i'1::L·,nnu an "t'i1\41~n'111

tLU'u71~um.fit~tJ«t11\4, "· 404)

I'JI1CI'tll'U - shrine

: \4. - ft'tl1\4~~-3iiEJ11LU\4~~'1::nu ~1Eii-3ft'£ifl'llEI-3Lfl"t'iLf1~1mfl1fl1 - ~tJ'1::fl1;)1\4Lfi1Jtl (Vi1\41~n'1ll tLUtJ'11"J1um-ritltJRt11\4, "· 404)

lfl11fl11 - spirit house

: \4. fl1t:l"t'i'1::1Jij• fl1t:~Lf1

Lfi1TfmU' (R.), 14. ft'114ft'1'1'1fl

) ,.j... '"' I !"I ..1 1

Lfl1111ft' (ft'. 14. fl'lf-3ft'llllfl11Lu\4fiEI~'liEI-3Lf11fl1

(Vi1141~n.,ll tLUtJ'11'lfum-rit~tJRt11\4, "· 404)

80376

atnit1,fltl- theocracy

.1 A 'I ..lf'l •. ..!!.· "!"I J!. !"1 -· : '1::1JEI1.Jn11ufifl'1Eh1'1f..1Vi'1:: LUJ1\4::YlLl.ll4"1LLYll.L'ii£1..1Vi1::~Lu'lo4L·~1 LuU~ll£11'\.41';1

~..1qt~

...... 11'U.I'Iflfi'Ut1SJ - naturism

A A ... I ... ... 1 A I 'I ...... ..: "" ..£... ..£A : '1:: 1J1Jfl11l!L 'JJ£l'Yl~ fiVi'l-4£1~ fi1J1J1 '1ll'JJ1fl tltn 'JJ£111 L '\.411''1 1lJ'JJ1fllltH fln tlW'YllJ'Yl

U'11 fi!J ''"4 U'ii£1..1W1111::L ~i1£11J11l!'JJ1fii ..1Wiifl£lij ( 1J.1.)

... 111SJI'UtiSJ - custom

1 ......... o 'J!.J!. .. I ... J!. .1 .oil ~-: LL1J1J£lti1-3Vitlflfi1 1ll'YlW ..1flllfi1~1-Ltl · ~U.-.1W1Jfl£lfiUll1•l1Uu'1::L Vit\4 m~:: \11llfi1'1

... • ... ... J!. A... ' I • J!. .oil t 'til I .oil ... t:~::Llltlfi-;J::~n1J..1fl1J•l1tlfi11'Ylft..1flll lJL~U'JJ£11J•l1tJ 1J'1'1lJLUtllJU1.L Llllln1'1ftU1JW~U

"Jht11j..1fl1J';J1fii'JL ~ij£lU£JrJ1..1tl11J'Ylfi!j~ll1tl . LLt:~::l,J£in1'1£l~ml~i £lft..1 1 'Yl~Lfltl'il1tl "

mJ1..1';11;fl 1J'11l!Littlll l,J£i\bwunn1'1tl£llli'1JLL\.L'!.4£1'!.4LYhfttl1U'I-4 LLfl£ifl11ll~ll1tl

fl11llft1flqjll1 n n·hwliuilull~ i £lfl11l!LfltJ:au UD1J~ fl1lliqjilull

11~t11::mm l'lffiU~Iiqf - aleatory element

~ 11'1~u,::n£Jutu~1" ~.,tll£J1';1£Jiu1u~i£Jn1u1ul~

'UBn,hteftDI11SJ- amoral : (~1'!.4'll1tlfl11llj'ftn~i1)

... 'UOUJ- denomination

I A ..(., .- _, ~ I • ,.(A .. ,.., ... ..., !1'1 : fi~llfl1WU fi'JJU'YlW ..1fllltl£lll'11JfiULL.-.1 n~l!fl1 WU fi'JJU'YlL fitl L ~llllfillftn~m::L uU

"" -- ,.( ..,. 'I ..., ... ..., II ., I fln4::t:~'Yl1fUtlll (sect) 'YlLLtl fifl1£l£lfill1 LLt:~:: LU '1 ::tJ::LL '1 filJfi';J::lln1'1'lltlLLU..1fi1J n~ll

... .. .. I .f'tll • I .l' .. ... ... !"I ... ( ... ... ... fl1WU fi'JJU£1'\.4 ') Lll£1~1'\.4 '1::tJ::U LuLL.-.1';1..1';l::lJftfi~n4::LuU'I-4fi1tl ~fln4::ft'Yl1J'!.4Ull)

u1::n£Ju)

S0376 349

.. "Yfftl'U • nirvana

....

II • I - tl tl., ..... ..., - tt .. : L\.L~7:~fl1Jf'r1ft'\.L1 f1111 \.L'V-1~1\.L LL ~fl1ll4 ff~YI11 flUW\.LYI ~3J1tJfl.:lft'fl1\.L:

LL~.:~~fl~~~.,~"~1nnu~wllm.J:.:~i"L~" ~~u,.,.~il.att~~1"u«1 ~:llllo.:~L1uwi1v fl1tJL fit~ a nflo l tl it Y-1~1\.L \l'u11LU\.L ,fl'Pill1tJtl ~1tJYI1-3"JJD-3~YI!ff1W\.L 1

"llfl - QH - omen

.... 1 Ullfl ,.tlaH - augury

: n17~rT.:~f lt~tJD1ft'v~1.:~'PI7olfqn,; L"Ji\.L n17i.:~Lnfl~~1nn17U\.L"JJD-3\.LnLtJ\.Ll\.L

" -• ..... .., U11'nfli1U - u1ftfllCUJ - norm

: ll1fi7J11-L'PI7o~imnm.nLL~.:Ifl11llth:~qii 'PI7DLLuu~qtin773Jtl7nfi1iv~n~ll fl1fl~1.:~l~wll1~nl\.Ln~llo~l~llfi13J

.... .... U11'nfli1U'nH&Ntlll - social norm

: LL\.L1YI1-3~7o1~YI1.:1"JJ0-3n17n7::fi1~7Df1113Jtl7:~qfiLG~1:mJ1.:1 ~.:ILU\.L~tJDllflJ .... .. I ·• I ;.. ..... t nwn1.:~w .:lflll fi13Jfl113Jfl1fl'Pill1!..1"JJD.:I n~ll ~ 1 Df113Jfl1\.Ltlll"JJD.:I« .:lflll\.L" 'J

UYfftl,.iirJn11SJ - banishment

... tJ'lfU11ll- charisma

350

: ( 1) ,:u1,n,.:~l~ LtJ\.Ll~mfn"ll1\.L1\.LLL«1l"~,r.:~&on1.:~L n11,u1 LL~: l"tJ,::1ii

"JJo.:~itn1!..1ff1W\.L1 lin.f nLuof (M~ Weber) LU\.L~1l1Lf1ll1lfnun91!tDi.:~flll1'Yiu1 t.,u 1 ~L tl"•h~~3J1!.Jn.:~~mfl113J~~L"1!t fl113Jd3J" 1~ er~g, ;urn~ 'PI7o~," ,~

I

80376

'I 'I ... ... ., ... ~ ..I u ... ... ..1 ~ \U~flfl~ ~~~flfi~'VIU..:I ~m 1_,0\\V:nflt;>ULD..:I'YIL U~~ J1WlJD..:ID'YI1i'Vi~"l.ID..:I~flfi~'YI

~miki1Luuf1Lff1Y 'VI1EJiiehu11fl'ni&'Yit ';)U l~i'uF.Jm.JEJ-:~1..rLuwi1'VIU1 ~\.h A I' "'I t oOI u

~11n 'VI7Eiff1~~1ViF.J1n7m (Prophets>. fi~EJ~';lU~nEifl..:lfl1~U1 ~GJtl17lJ';l::L u

I ·t t ~A A '"' "' I' 71fiJ1U"l.IEI..:I"l.lti1Un17ll1~~Ufl1..:1 ') 'YI..:I'V\11~ 'YI..:IULUEI..:IlJ1';)1fi~fl~fl111ViL~..:I~71..:1~77fl

"l.IEI..:I~"1~..:1~..:1~~~L~mJL~ .

'I "' A A 0 "' ..I A 0 'I tl..,j tl tl oOI (2) LU~1Ull1~1YF.J1'YIF.J1 'V1111F.Jfl..:l EI1U1';l'VIU1'YI'V17EIEI1U1';l LUn17L ~F.JULL ~..:1 7::L'Vinlo

A I t ... '-' ,£,.. ,£ o I ._ I

'V\1 El fil)fl1..:1 ') fltJEI1ffrJfl11llfffifi~'Y11i"l.IEl..:lfi1LL 'VIU..:ILL~::~nL~lltlfl L "li'U Vi7::ll'V11-

.... AI" A VI ... A .... 0 I .... ""~ fi1Yfi7F.J'V17EILlJ~ Lt1Jl'EI1'VI (messiah) 'V\7 El~nlo~lltlfl"l.IEI..:Ifi1LL 'VIU..:I'VI1'VIU 1'YI~11117 fl

A ..,j •'I '11!'\1"' F.J~L'VIUF.J1';)fl L';l"l.IEJ..:I111~"li'U L1 L~

... OJ

UlJlJ'If'U~1f)I1.Ui11JJ - culture type

"" I t ..,(.., A I "' 'I"' 1'1 : F.J El ~ 7111"l.IEI..:I~ filYnt:: LL~:: ~nlofi1'YI..:Ill1 ~'YI ~..:Ifill fl. El11~ fifl El .,:)LL~:: L "li'EI~ L U fi1 ~L 'Yiff::

t uu ')

I OJ

UlJlJ6bH1f)I'Ufi11JJ - culture pattern

: JUn17~~ 'VI1E1Jtl,rn1Ym "l.IEI..:I,rfi1Ynlo1fi171~U1i77lJLL~::'VI~1F.JLi..:I~EJU1~u1i77lJ ..I ... u ... ... 'I 'I ... 'YI71llfiUL U1~U1i77ll'VIU..:I LU'ilnL:: L~"llnL::'VIU-:1

l " ..., " lJD'tl, 1~. 6~tlfl11ftlft''Ul - church

: (~flm::~..:~~)

... 1 ~-Q.I u1flfi1D'fJ - norm

th:::tvn\1 - tradition

Q..oo 'f I -'VI 1'1 I Q..t ,.4 ~ A I ... A I .GI

: 1~U1i7711 LU~1U'YI Lll ~"11'1fl~ tiJl'..:l~..:l~lJLL~::~tlfiEI111';11fi~~fl LL~::fiEl11lJfl11lJ'VIlJ1F.J

fhflqJLVi71::l~tJ~tJ~rlUlJ1U1ULL~1

U1:::1fiW"Iio~nqJJ - group tradition

... I 'I I ..I ..,j ... ... ...... A ... tJ : 1~U1i7711"l.IEI..:Ifi~ll ~U~1U'YILfiF.J1fitlfl11llJ~fiU fifl~ tiJl'..:IL U117~fiflfi'YIEI~lJ1';)1fi

El~fl flU lUEl1~'VIrt..:l';l::i..:~~EJUfiU tuo1~flfl ltJLmifl11Ufwn\l nf1~fi1UEI..:IL~F.J1 rltlfiU

S0376 351'

th:a'rttii'rteflafl..f- potlatch

: 111;:Lvnl1~11ljtl1ri'laijt'l~~,,m.ho\4Lfiu\4ufl-3Yl1"Pl·:nJ'YI1R~n.,u11-i~n"a\4L'YI;la "' ... J "" .. "' .J .. .~ .. ... )/ I .. o , ... .. .. L\4Yl11JElLll1n1L'YI\4El L\41J1::LV.N\4'1::lln11n\4LRtJ-3 ~liLYI U~n 'Y\1Elfl1R1lJYI1V.tJRU

I , I.. A .. ... ... , ~ EltJ1-3 liLRtlfl1tJ L V.El£l1fl'Y\1 El1 n1!t1R1l1V.Yl1-3R -3flli"11El-3L 't1"11El-3

~11W: - myth

: ( ~fl11liL fa11i'll1111)

·u . ., N 1:tlfll • spirit helper

..... ,.!' ~ .. ~ ... fk. ... .. : NYI l'lfl11ll.-~llfl1El-3 'Y\1ElHYI'l'J 'tn\41Jf1El

.. NGHitllfll • spirit

. : 1tll qJ1m~fta-3aau~1ai-3wflt~aijt ~i "\"i "'Yid" 'YI1a'Yill1ua" i"L 'Y\;la,.,.,ll,,fi

. UflL~El \ Wjfl11lJU\L\4El\4 \\4Yl1-31'!f1n1l t-3a.in~:: Lf'Yill1tJa-3& -3L 'YI;lEll11li'D1fi'YI1El

.. 'W~l,.,- consciousness

.... 'W11- rite

0 I f"' .J .... t! ... "" : n11n1::Yl1EltJ1-3L1J\4f1JU1J1JV.In11'YI'lElfl1liRqj\4Ull

ft1R\41 ,Rtlft1Rflf 'YI1~ll1~1n11 .

.... 'W1In1n1 - ritual

: u uuath-3"11El-3v.qfi n11J.i~ti1'YI\lfl t il1v nlJL nm.,-~!at1 '7ll~\1vli111::Lvnlt\ ,t n1::n1

UR::L ~El \ Wjfl11ll"ll~-3 f"fllJU1J1J,-3Lfill.-3a.inft.a11~fn11ll ~1Yl1ElU1-3~nla-3 . ··,

'352 80376

Lfl'l ~fli'fl nl::LU\4~~£1 Ll'!l£l"LYI~\f1 IY1'ti1Nfl~ft1fl"';£l 'll'ti1 Lrl'tHtJ\4n';l::ft" 1m;.

V.io773JL'1.4i~fl3J~1~U\4Joi'I£JLiJw4e""1tiqJ L~m~u1ntJfi10773JYI1"fl1"'"1 '.II .., 1 .., ' !'I tJ ..... t ,...,. ~7 £l'!J£1""111fl3Jft1J Uft:: £101" "1\4ft'"fllJ(Jt11~L JJ\43 LL1J1J~1l'YI~"'ft1tl ~1'07 73.1

o1::Yi1 L\4L 1ft1i'ua111'o \ "'ll "';tlu1.4::1l'la111'o"';e L\4L 1ft1i'tJ~1LL"'\4" LLft::V.io773J

tl 'I tl""' ~ • • JJ ... t

£111 710" ~'1.43 ft017m::'!J£J-3017L"\471YI1L~ft~ 017Lftll". 017"~L1tl 'ift'i "1\4

tl7:: 0£11J'!J £l"V.f 01711£111i:Jvf"01'1ft'1fl 017'itJ of £1" fi;~~fl1YI1~~ mi'"Ltl\4L ~\4 t .!!' tl .. "" ... ~ .. t 017U"'U"'\4 ~"1£111~ 07a4Lfl7£l~tlff Uft::"qJ~O~a4fl1~ ')

...... ... vtlft11).1\UJ).I - ritualism \

...... "1n11 - ceremony

: uuumh~vulfio7711~i'u7£J~n'" uft::ti~Utiflofi£Jfln1.43J1Ltl1.4117fi01.,'"1r7711 il ,fl~~"'111tJu\4'1.4£J\4 L ~u1,Ye~nuu~f11" 'J '!1£JU~flflft '!I£J~L "'~o11m "';£J"JJ£J~~mfh Lt\Vi1,::V.Lfl17mh~ \t~mh""'d~ 1t~u,i', lt11ioft'\4£J~fl1111~"tl7::" ~flfl1~fl1"'"1

...... ... ftlft111ntl - birth rites

: ~~~'ti1 0\4L 1ft1L~OLL 7 m fiflfl13Jti7::L ~m~~Ltlll'!l£l""'ft1tiR~fl3J i:J1fltl7::" ~flL ~£1 i17::11~71flL\4011flft£Jfll~"'llfli'"'tl11o3J17fl1uft::~fl7 L~£Jtlou£J~~~fl7£J~

-~ "" '1.~ .. • ... ... • ( • "-~ ... J fi1701101JflN1Jfl11 LLft::L~£1 ~ l'lfi1703J01ft"1~'!J1LL'!J~U 7-3 ~1'117fl1 L 1'1tl7~fll

tl1::oeu)

80376 303

... • ...... • .. .. .... .'1 ... ~ •'11..!' ~ Eh'lf11Vilf'Yl1~1[J ~1!1~:: ~£l"ll£h'I'Yl1 7 m Vi Elu~L u1£l~fl71[J'Yl';l:: 1J L'll

th::nmJ) ·

...... ... ...... u ff1i~ffft9, ff1ill1ft1tJ - initiation ''rites

.,..,...,j ... .., "'' 'I•• "'!'I~ , .. ..1.., : Vi1f'Yln1::'Yl1LVi£l11J'4flfi~L'JJ1\Y~fi1~111Vi L'VIll L'11~ ';l1nL~nLu~~ L'VIqj 'VI1£lLVi£l1tJ

LU~~ll1in"ll£l~~ll1fllliu n~ll£11~ iniun1EJ 'VI1£lw11f1Vi1n~ll1flll1~~111flll ..4 'I ...... I ~ 0.. ... 0 'il .. tl I ...

'VI~~ L~VilfL'11"~1lnlln17n1::'Yl1'Yl1~ L~!Jfl'1~~1 ~£lij~1EJ

...... ' 't'UINl'Uilll=: - rites of passage

..... -' 0 'I 1 0 .... I .... A 'I I , ..1 1 1o1 •

: Vilf'Yln7::f11 L~ £ln1~~1flll!~1~ ') 'JJ£1~'111~ 'V\1£1 LU'111~7::U::fl~nUViU';J1n

~fi1~111Vi'VIii~ltJ~on~fi1U111Vi'VId..1 L "lfu ~ElUL fi~ ~El~L "Ji11!Ji'l-4 ~£l~LLfl~~1U LL~::~£lU~1[J

..... u ( ..... .. ) 't'UIU1ft1tJ - initiation rite ~Vilf'4Vin';l .

...... u ' ff1illlll1ftll.l - puberty rites

.....

: . ~£!~n1::vhL 1~1~'V1~11~11L '1JLon11uiu L~£lLL~~~-hL "Ji1~~fi1U1l1ViLU'I-4~ 'VItl}

'VI7Elw i' EJlJ';J:: ~111~ l~ 1" 'VI~'1r~tJ1~Vi1n~i~li n£1n17LLU n'4flfl~ l ~£1£1 n l tl£lij~1~~ i1fi111UEJni~flll £1"1i£l~11lth::L1l'Yl£l1'V111 £1n17'Yl7111Un1EJ 1~m7£ltJ7a.ti'~~El" .. ... 'I ... ..1 ..1 tl 0.. I ""' "' 'il~ ..

L 7El~fl'~lf111J LL~:: L 'VILfi1El~'V11J1!JLfl1£l~ 1::~tJtJ1~£l[J1~flL 'V\'1.4 L91LVi£lLL~~~~fi1Uil1'Vi

1 'VIll ( ~~£!'4wn';JLL~::~iJ.l1~1l11::tl1::n£Ju)

't'Uiftff - funeral

354

. : ~in111l~n1nEJuLL~::.,::w;l1..,n17rh~~fl'w"liEl~~~1[J (~fhn11N'~fl'v.~ n11ri1~~fl'w LL~::~iFJ1~1111:: t11::n£Ju)

50376

fl113J~~ L "'~" L~Elfl113J'JJ~'t'nf'2J£l~fl'1.4LEI~ ( 1J.1.)

l~fl·Ul'u - day dream

: fl11llfi~ 1u 1::'VI·;h..:~~u~~"Elij Ln~LUW11Yi9i~~EJnuLtl"n7::u1u 'J 1~m.h1fl';l1n ., ... ..., !"I • ..1 .., ...,

m 7fl1'JJ~ll LLiil::lln';l::lllil n~m::L1JW11Yifl11llfl~L mn nu n17H';l qJmJ

IJfl - daimon

: i \IUEI m 'VIi'tEJ1i113J'n19i~\l 13J\,i1tll qj1n4'V11EJ~ ij 31'1.4:; 7::W)1\Ifl'l.4 n'JJL 'n1~1

.otd d ,,.. IJVIN'fiUUH 1 - familiar spirit

IJVIlan, lanil - spirit world

..1 "" .... I !"I ..I I .... .. ... .. ..1 I .., • I "' : LL~'I.4'nL 'nEl nu 11L uU'nEI~EI1flU"JJEI.:11J91H'V17 El1 qj qj1n4'nEJEI n-;J1 n71\lfl'1.4911tl ~uLLiil1

... IJVI1f1Ul - demonology

<I JJ'Ufl1 - spell

A"' o..l.ll 1 • I •'1'-'• .J..-: ~fl7'V17 EJ tlEJUfl1'nLulil\IEIEI n111 ~m 'nEJ11R11117 tl"Yl1 ~ 'YIL nflH~fl1li'Yl91EJ\In17 n11

L ill'1.49lfLtJ'I.4L ~ El\1"11El\lfl113JL ~El'n1\l 1Rtlfl1ft'91 f

JJlU1i1UI - conscience

'I a 'I !"1 A ..... A I

: n17fl11J~li111U~ '1.4';191 ~ ';l"JJEJ\1'4flfl~ LuU 7::'JJ'J.Jfl':n3Jfl~LLiil::fl11liJR n'll' \l'n1U'4flfllil

1un17ifliu11n17n7::YJ1EJ::1 7\)n EJ::1 7~fl EJ:: 1 7flT1rh. LL~::EJ:: 1 711lfl17YJ1

L'1.4Rtl1un17m~1\l 'J ~LHitli'VI~1 n~11~l~11 11 1ull"'l7liLUU1!"77lltl7::i1h

"JJEI\1'4flfllil

JJlU.fll'rt - concept : ( ~fl113Jfi~711Jt1Eifl)

so 376 355

J..ll~l • mana

!"1 • X • ll..l' • • e • • .k • ..~-: • : LuUfl1Yi\UlleJ..1"11£h1'1f11L n1:fl::Lft ~" l'lll1tiCHeJflll eJ1U11W7eJVi.-...1ft0.-.1JL l'\UeJ ... ..I'll .... • I I .I 111 •Ill ~ ..: ... ... .. • •II

11'11ll'lf1flfl ~llli31J11..1fl1f!U ~R:: .~ll ~"ll1'~1ntf..1flllfl1fiULl'IUeJ11'11ll'lf1fl ~fl ')

lfltJ'If11Ln1::fl:LRtlu1..1Yi1n~a11li1U1 fleJi..1~UUfl1~ l'!l'flft111 l'l'eJLUU~ma'll~ .

~~iLff~ tui..1"11eJ..1~R::i'l1~fifl ~R::Luui ..1~fi1 t~ll1t11n11~tJ~::iflfNR .

J..ll~""'lt.l;laa..~ • anthropomorphism \ .

A ... ..1 .~'t I A If \ ~.111111.1' : fl11llflflL'!I'..1fJ1a'U1flLeJ1~Na'lluflfl..1fl1-411..1n1tJLLR::1fl ~1"1leJ..1ll~~tl Lu La' H'l

Yi1::Lf1

I J..lli\Ur • manes

\

... J..llrJln11, J..IUin • magic

A ol=·~""' I 11.1!. A ~ .• '!" ., ./4' • • • A : fl11liL '!l'a~a:: n"l1u,., uflfl~..1 L 'I'lL nfl~ft"1tl n11u..1fl1JVifl..1l'l1 aa1u 11L l'l14eJ11'11'll'!l'1fl

· L"lfu ~1un11tf"lla..1"lll..1 -Afn1111 l1ua1~'ul'!lnilu L"lfu n11fi1La'\l~u1~JJfl l'l1al'llnn11LAv11v.,,a.,fl11lliifl L"lfu n11N'..1at1N'..11au l•~t~tfatJ~nufi1fl14 l'l1 atltinlull::ulll 1'l'lll11!1u L'~a t ~Lnflfl11lliltJllil1liLiv .,~~a.,nu

li1V1n11fl1..1rl1Jff1«141 (lufl11lll'lli1V"11B..1 reJiaion) f11~ll~n11i..1L1u \1'!1'1

l'l1ai:i1Iou~'ffl LLRtfh~uinu1ff1a'flf .;.,;-r.,ii•1nll1u1n11l1un11~"', ~a::"'TfiLnet1 t ~t11::mflfu fl1~ll1tJ1n11iJln~m::~l'let-3tlfl t u~mwllufl~~~•; .a

"lleJ..111'11ll'!l'1~ li1V1 n11~~-3 t ~L nflNRi'1tJ~ n.fou L 1un11 lJ1tJ1n11fi1 (Black

magic)

. ... J..llrJlft11ftlnJ4a. J..llrJnnlf'tJ4D • exuvial mapc

: ll1tJ1 n11ilflfla~1J1Jl'1d.a f-3LEl1n1n~al'l1eLfftt"11El-311..1n1vchu tflchu l'ld., L "Jfu ·

Lfi'~Nll Lff1!tLR1J"lleJ..1~~nn1::fi1l'I1EJ(n1::fh,f141J11h::nEl1J'"f Lslafi1El1Cl11YicU

-~ ..1 ~ fll .'!"· jt I ..1 1"J .'If L111fln1n~auun1::1J.aLnfiNRUn~flflftflL1J14LlJ1l'IIJ1tJ

a..~ul1n11iiflfie. a..11anAtttle • coataatou• maatc

: ll1tJ1n11~tfl'llnfa•IJIJfl11"11a.af.,flf.al'!U~LflVfiflfleiliP3"a'riull1 . Lslauun11.n

356 80376

\

.. .. .. JJU.nnnaaouuuu, JJlonaaouuuu • imitative magic

..1'11111 At .,j • ..I'! I ... I · .. 'til_!' : a.J1EJ1:rl L '!r,flft'a.Ja.Jfl11,£l~flL ~a.Jf.l\4J1\4tl£la.JaJ~RfiElT1\4 L'l

~flflR '~~1tl T111fi11'1tiJU11 R!l-3,El~~flflR~\4

1Jlut1l'ttoU~Gfl1f - non-literate

" 1flDGn - tattoo \

: 10EJ~'ElR1tlR1EJ;(tfL,jaJ~'Eliflqu~RaJ ~ in~-3WR~ltJt·h~,t~\~LU\41ElV~'El A I I A ~ ~ e ~ A .... ~~~ !"f

R1tlR1tlfltlLL\4\4Elij1J\4~1 T111ft'T1\4El1';1fl1,\4L 'Yi£lfl11a.Jft'1tJ~1aJ ~1ElEl11 L "DL u\4

Ut4ti~llzi'EJti14fl11tJI1vril~ fhLiiuu•fiu~n\4tlEl' scarification f~Ltl\4n11nifli31~,r~ t "'Li]\4U~RL U\4

.. .. 1:1UDUftDI11JJ • moral order

.. " 1:auuua~ftJJ - social order

I ..,1, II ..1 .. !"1 • 1 .,. .. ... : LL1J1J£lEJ1~flfl£l\4,1~fl~fl El\4Lu\4~Rli111T1T111T11:fl11::~11~T1\4fl1~ft'~flll 1::L1Jtl1J

W-3fla.JLU\4Lfl1a-3ri1~\4fl '"'W1\4th~ 'J '" 1fl1 ~«1'1~i~flllfi1Lit14 lt1fl1aJ~\l1~uR:: ,.. .. .,. .... .. .• I 1 .- .,. ~ llfl11a.Jft'li'Yi\41T1\4 L'Yi0u1:: tl'!r\4,El~ft'~flll\4'ij ')

50376 357

I

3 tl"'lf 1 - idol

... I'UJfl, YI'H - calling

!"I o ..ltl I t ... .011.. A 'I ., ., .. ..1.-., A t,.tl ..1.- o 14 ~ : Lu'\.Ul1'Yl '11n!JUEI£1 '.) "Yn::tuJ11'1 'lf-3\'JJL""fl·m1'1flll~f'""~J;!Lfi'Ylll01'U1';) L'l

i.:~ 1 ~ll1'V11 m 1un~"LD\I 1fi£JL;l~1::~ovn::~LU"L 'f1~~1'U.1';l~';l::'Yl'1 .:~i.:~'VI1m 7un

l~ L~EI t ~n,-::'Yl1n1,-n';li""'~"i" lfl "''fl~';):: t ~7u'VIu1~fi1LL'VIu.:~"'d-39i1LL'VIu.:~tfl !!'\'!~ 0 .: ~ I A I t t tl ..r~~. • n L.,, fl1"EJ1';l';l::llfl11ll'VIll1£JEJ£11\I'VI""EJ£J1\I fl " 4 ,-::n1'1"n L'll flEJ 1. flEJn1'1

~';l::~~"JJEIL~EJ'fEJ.:IL 7m4f!EJ~'1::~LU"Lf1'V11EJ L "n1'1EJi1;-J1" (LtiL ,-ij~ 33 : 3)

A ., ... 'I ., ., :H • ..1 I t: t-"" ~... II ..1 .011 .. - ) 2. flEin1'1'1EI\IL'1tlnL'VIL"JJ1LH1 'VI'1EJn1'1'Yl'Yl'1\ILL9l\19l.:l 'YI L'l'1U'V1"1fl (Lt1L'1ll'VI 11·: 5

3. flEJ n1'1~~'1::L fl'Yl,- \IL 1u n~EJi ""'d.:~i \ILfl 'VI~EJ~m~flfl~'VId.:~~flfl~ Lfl ( tiJlln1a

) ... .1! " . .. • ,!, ... 1 ... ..

1 : 5 4. flEJn1'1L"1"£Jn'1EJ\Ill~,;.u 'VI'1£l';lfl"ll11Ufl11ll1Eifl fltl'Yl1\1~1::fl1R9l

... t: ..r... ... k 1 -fl11ll'VIll1£J911ll"£J'Yl\l 4 "flEJ n1'1'Yl'1 \IL 1£Jn"JJEJ.:I~.,.::L-~1 fltJ'Yl1\l,..n::1qjtlJ1nl.

u7q-'YlfLL~::LiJ"i.:~u1q-'Ylti_.:~\l.:ILL~.:Ift'111~ (HUi 3 : 1) (~,;.~ El'11~ii~qj : fl~'Yl1~n'1ll~'1::ti'l!iif uill 3, nl.:1Lfl~'1 q-7mn,-m. 2514, "· 122-123)

l1fl1::1Jl~. m11::1Jl~ - epidemic

358

: ( 1) ~L~tl1rlU hfl 'VIll1tl~\l n1'1LLYi7L1fl ltiEJU1.:111fiL i'1 L"'VI~ti1::"1J1n1LL~:: n1::'Ylun,-::LfiEJ"flU~1"1Ull1n~uYI twli1-3n~1i"~1nfl

(2) L"~1"tl'11n!Jn1'1tUfl1\1~9li'YltJ1 LL~::i..:lfllli'Yl£11 'VIll1tl~\l n1'1LL~7lt1EIU1.:1 ot t ltl I "" ..1 J4tl ~ • ...

'11fiL '11 ""'~ 1::"1J1n'1 L"lJ" fl11lln~1'Yl1::U1fl L 'Yl1'VI'1Ein111::U1fi"JJEJ{IEJ9l·

1\lu1fln'1'1ll

..1 ,f 1 -. . ot A I' A t I Wjtl 1 A I (3) .ll11::'YlL'JJEI '1fl fl11llflfiL'VIU 'VI'1EIEI11llni.R::L'YlEl" ';JLL~'1EJEln L fltln1'19lfi91EI

A 14tl ... .011 A ..1 ""' .r • -. I 'I ~ ';l1fi~flfl~'VI"\I L tl..:IEln~flfl.~'VI"\1 N~'YlEJ1';1Lnfl'ti'U flEI ll11::~nL;l'U L"lJ" L"n11w.

I I ... t:• ..1 ... I

n1 ,-,-::u1fi"JJEJ.:In1,., '1fl ft'1'U n11'1::U1flfl1\IR \lflll'U'U EJ1';l';l::L nu1 nun1'1LL~,.

fltliltJllL ~ EJ.:IifiL ~ D..t'VItt.:l L U '1::£J::~l1Jw \IU 4 .:IEI1';l';l::U'I1N~ L -KLLUUEJU1.:1~19l~LUU Elij9l1lltl1 n~~EI" ij nn1::.,u n'1::L riEl" 'VI~m!"Utb'U l tl

50376

., .,., " Dftll0.11lll1, flfiDftliW - character

-.......... ... • ... • .. l" .... :'-(-1) ~111.., an1;nnn11 ~m•¥1lil ~1£JWfl1;m::•Jh1Lti\.LLfl1£J~LL'H"1 'VIL 'VI\.Ltl~

-- "':t• .... ·-- ..... ..:,..: ... a n1;m::r1 L u\.Lft'1 1t1_t1:: ft'1fl qj"ll£l"~"""~"~'VI 1 ow~ t~w ~~"~

( l ." .I :'I - .,. A ~ .,. "" 2) \.Lt11\.LYIL u\.L~mWli1.JflYI1~flll1J11ll 'VIll1tltl~n11 ,.,,.::L 1Jr.J1.Ja n,;.m 1 n11

'tifl'-LfliiLLa::itir.J t ~LU\.L l Ufl1ll~1fl1 J11-Lfl11llth::..,fJii~~~l.h::w ~fi (3) ,-::uu=A1fl"ll£J~~flflll'VId~4~u1::nou~1m 'VI~~~ h 'tifl'-Lflil itir.~ £J11llm

w::Lfi£11-Lh ~flllflil LLil::~mfh O\.LLU\.Lti1n1'VI\.Lfll~~flflllLa£JnYI1~U~~l" ~ ... .

Wtl1\.Ln11m'VI\.L~ CJ

., .. · D'nl - doctrine

--- ...... ... .......... .. l ... .. : 'VIIln\.Lr.Jll"ll£l~u1'2fqj11::1Ju'VI\.L~"ll£l~1tl"ll'1fl 'VI1£J"ll£l~fl1W\.L1 flfl1ft'\.L1'VI\.L~ 'V\1 £J

'VIll1r.Jn~'VI i n~flm:: ir~iitr.Jll ~1on~lllfln~li'VId~ lfn1'VI\.Lfl1::Lur.Jufl11llu1::..,fJii

"ll£l~Wll1;an

......... D'ni08N - eidolism

... ...~...... A I

1qjqj1mYillfl1fl\.LWtlfl£lij

., ... D'ni1UJSI - creed

. A ,.j 'J.!'"" I

: fl11liL'1f£lYI1::~ ~-~"ll'flL';l\.LLL\.L\.L£114

lflr.JLQ..,'l::

., -- ...: ~., D'nll'fJSI&HDDU - occultism

... ,..: .... ·--- --,:. .. _..I ... : fl11liL'U£ltl£l \.Lft'~L'VI14£l11'11li'U1fl 'VI1£lllYI11'n11U~fl UL 1£J~anau Lnr.J1n1.Jfl11ll

L :!o lui ~L 'V1\l£J1J11li'U19i ·

... -D'ni~'Wl - cult

80376 359

., .. '

DtiB~,1U11Yf~1" - ancestor cult

tJ• - ...... "" "" -~ ~ ,._ "" I k, ,tJ J! : 011 !)1JfiWI011llfiL Otl1"110"ri1J011\j'!f1W "L 1ti1J11~~l1!tfiR1-3~ttJ LL111

., .. ... QfiB~,lH • ghost cult

., .. -~ ( ... ) QtiB'n1MliQ"111fl - fatalism : ~'!f::fl114tlll

., ....... DtiBI&J1\UJll • liberalism

: L 14WWf JDLll; 01 L f'V!li1Ua"Ylff14flfif11"ft -3flli~O"i~flfiR~~D"011 L ~W1'Wtl011 L 14 ~I ... ..:~ , ,._ I 1 ~.. ttl .. .:.. "114fl1" ') liLWli~\4LLR::01::11tl UtJ"fl14t10n~liOU1"fl1a-3 ~flfiRL 'V\R1141::tJflll\4

L14~nLfh~D-3tl1::'2f1itJ,flu,f"\"th~fiLLR::n1101::?i1 L"Ji\4 lo"n11L~LTlfllW;1l1W LLR:: fl11liLYhL ;lull fi14fl1ll OQ'V!li1U or.h"LL ,Y1;" LW;\ttJliW "LW;ll n11ii1fl L 1 n~1"

ii"li14fi U11ff11 noflfi,li~fl..i'\4' 14Wllllfi J114f "iio~L U\4U1::L wmLLR:: 01';11::~fiWR'1fl (L "" WllllfiJ114~11fl14~1ti1, 11• ,li,li) L14fl1"n11Lilo" ~flfiR~~fiLW;ilull•:: · L~1411'1Un1Jn11~ti1Uiflifl11liLU\4WRLiiO"LLnfl140~ll~14140011nn~ll~11111 L~\4 111uritJn11"JJU1U lfl1"n119h" 'J LAt11ritJw1'wfin11f"flll ""LW;llifli~o"r"V~1l1W LL 1 ""114 n11"Ji1tJL 'VIIOfi14114LLR::fl\40~li1XOtJlfltJ,.t1,tJ 'H~~ or.h"' 1fifl14 lutJ1tl .

Jf t; ...... , I .. I • tJ"" tJ ri11'V\14 1~0"LW114tlll li'VIli1Ua-3n11W -3LW1ll 011L Rti14LL R-3LL1J1Ja01411na0\4

lfi14L14lfl1""'1"~o"i"flll

L\4~ t 1tJ LW;\tull 'VIli1Ua" lfliLff11!tJTl1 i"flll ~~o"n11L~;JtJ1RLf1,tJ ~"L AtJ1fi11J~ll011ti,L \t\4 011fi1-3Lfr11!t Jn1LLR:: 011ti1Lil14tifl lfltJ,.t1 ,U"JJ0-3

LO O'!f\4 "OU~Ltfl

DH - omen: (~ \tijfl)

lanN - spirit world : ( ~IJ" lRn)

50376

111G&: - caste

: (,) "Jf1fi~ "JJ£1-3"JJ'"t"i-3fllli"t~ flLR'll1fl1lln1LitfiLLa::nT,iuw~a LLU-3Ltl"

t I , "'"" • C' o "'"" 11'HU:: ~qJ ') 4 111m:: fl1ll~"1f\n1"f-31" fl£1 ~11~l!N f\1~"1f\f\1-3ft1W'141

..... .-. "'"" .I _.. """" m~tfl1r.J f\1~"1f\11JLLR:1Jnfl1£1-3 LL~ffr.J f\1~"1f\fi1"JJ1r.JLLR::Lm~tfl1n11ll ~Y11

o " "" I '!It• .... t"' f\J~"1Y1Y11-3"Jf1-3Hli£JLLR::11J "Jf

(2) wn1":Y11-3W-3flli"JJ£J-3"Jf11i"t~~llll1't1n1:1J1J111tu:: vi1L~"Jf"111tu: L~r.J1 n'\ltr.J£Jlli'1Jn" LLR:: L w:iifliY11-3W-3flliLWll£1n"

(3) 1::1Ju~1e~imnm'ti'n11LLU-3111m:"JJEJ-3fl"L"i-3flll

.., .., .Y. l(l\ln1GC'Ilu" - institutional cycle

..,

: i'l)f n1iifiLL1J1JQU1J"JJ£1-3Wt11U" f -3£11';JLLU·3n11fflLLR:: n11L~;qJ"JJ£J-3Wt11U" 11 Ltl" 4 "Ji1-31::u:: fie (n} n11L~lll""JJ£J-3£J-3tlnTt ("JJ} n-;t1tl1Lil~-31"£Jtl1-3i:itJ1::­iYliH~ ( fl} n11Yi1-31"fifl L"fl1£11J"JJ£1-3LL1J1J~W LLR:: ( -3) n11Lftr.J1::LUU1J"JJ£1-3£1-3tln11

"' • I " .. • .... ~ ... • • ,. I • - t Lll£1t1-3"Jf1-3'tfiY11r.J £1-3fln11~1£1Wt111J""'"£11';JLW£1li~1£J~nY11ft1r.J 1J ~1£1liQ::""

ni£J-3£in11tJ~atJn""JJ"1"L~qj L~£Jt~i1fi£J~lltieltJt"wrn~n11mL~3.1

lfN"I1UI --culture

:'1 A 0 ... I A t ""'~ "" "" I : L 1J" "Jf£111l!W1~11JLL1J1J£1r.J1-3"JJ£1-3~'Jfl 01 1llf\-3~ft1r.JY1 'lll1f\1-3W -3flll LLR::Ylt11r.Jf\£1fl

.; ,. I "" t .!f. .,. ~ C' "" A :'1 A 0 .,. "" • ,.j I ~ n" 1Jf\1-3W -3flll flr.J£11"~qJ~n1!ttu 1_,"11'11lJ';J-3L lJ""Jf£1W1~11JWli'JY111'HftY1Lfl"'llfl ~ I C' ..: ~ I .t I o A •

f\-3~llfl"JJ£J-3n~llll~1!tr.J 11l!W -3f\-3~ft1r.JL ~ft1" L "Jf" 1111!1'1 n11f\1Lfl1£1-3ll£1 ~fiR1~-

n11ll flRtJ:: 1flr.J1ft1Rfl,f nD~ll1r.J n11tlnfl1£1-3 ftft11'11ll LLR::ft1R'141 n1J11ll

.. .I .. "" :'1 ~ • ..: .I - .. ... .I I ... - ... t1-3~1J n1 m f\L 1J" ~flq~ 1 £1W -31J1:: fl1!t J 'II' -3LLRfl-3~ 1JLL1J1JLL ~-3Wli'Jfl11'HftY11-31_,"11' 1 1ll

LLR:vh t ~i n1!tm::i.,"11'11liY11-3UqJ qJ1«1ll11t1U-3HRLU"1.h:: lu"JJUL iw eu ll L "Ji"

"' • "' ~ .... .. .... - .1 ... £11fl11 Lfl1£1-3ll£1 Lfl1£1-3,.n1nft Lfl1£1-3li£1W£JR11 ftftlJ1flq 'ift'i

o ... "'t A I ,.1 fl11ll~ll1r.J"JJ£J-3fl1 ,.,"11'11ll " ""1-31"Jf1n11LLflnfl1-3 ]J';J1nfl11ll~ll1r.J

............. .,,.1 A ..: "".ol ~ .... I

W1ll'llfl L"'Jn"f\1 1J L~11::~ll1r.Jt1-3'1nW-3f\L 1r.J", lJ1';11nn11flll"1flliW£1R111::~11-3

.,. ... t: .ol .1 .ol · ... I .... 111 I .1 n"£1" 11llf\-31111!t1 11'11l!L"r.Jll 1J1::L~n4 LLR::Wt111J"fl1-3 ') L"£1-3';11n Ll!Lflr.JlJ11nlJ

.. .. I , ""'.!:' .. . I .. ... ... .. :'1 llll~1!tr.Jn~ll ~"Yl ~1111!1'1 11'11liL"r.Jll 1J1::L~N LLR::Rt111J'\It 1_,"11'11li';J-3L1J"

in1!tiu:LtiwiflLLR:«1nRW1~i'ui-3flllll~1!tU~-3ll1ft '1r.JL~~\i fl1 ;_,"11'11ll ~-3LU" lll"111~~-~t"1"JJ1i-3flli1Ylu1

so 3'!6 361

u t <Cu u.,. lfM~I11,.,n8~11fll11~~a'8 - prellterate culture

... ..I .. 111 I - ... .. II "' ( ... ....~, ·-~ ... .. .I ) : 1~U11'1'UI'Yltl" UJLfltl~~U"CUl L 'DUUJ ~1fll'U11'11ll" Lllli"1~U"lUhJ1: notJ

<V ....~, '1 '.., . lfM~I1111tl ,_, 'lllfi'J - non-material culture

I .... ..1!"1 Alii• "'..t'lil.!' ~· : W1Wll0"1_,U11'11li'YlLIJUU1ll11'11ll '11" LlJ01';J';JtJ"O" L•l fl1"ntJfl1 immaterial

<V ....~, , .. <V <V ...

lfM~I11,_,tl ll"'fll11~~Q'8 ·non-literate culture

!"I ... ......~.. II "' ' I • I " I - .... ... .. " ... : LIJ'Ufl~'Yl'Yl'UU11 L'Dll1nn11fl111 noullfl1l'IU""o (preliterate) ~1·0

•• t .. " fi"Lflll

""" ••• ·, ......... ,. ''"' .!' (primitive) L '1.40"';11 nf11 nfl'Ullfi1~U"WO llfl11lll'lll1r.JtJ"111 ~'1.411'1 111';1::" fl"

...... I t I II - ... !"I I.¥... ... ...

11~U1n11~1\4,\4fl1" CJ L'ULL\41'Yl1"Lflr.J1n'Ul'lllfl LIJ\4L'D\4\4Ll'lllfl\4n\4~n1~\411'11ll

n11 mhT'hi_,U11'11lltflfl~t \4W1l1~·· nfluiJti1l'lll'"ff0" ,LLWfl"1111~'1.41 n11,fl"

1~U11'1111~\4l'l~fi'D:fnl'I,0'1Y1ltJ L"Ji'I.4L~tJ1ntJfl111 ••.f"Lfill" LLWfl"111~'1.411'11ll t 111 I • I ..I • I II .. X 111. I I ... - ... ... ' ...

\4 '1-1. L11LIJ~!JULL1J~" L U'Yl1"L ';11 'l/,'1.4 LIJ\f1:fltJLfltJ1 ntJ1.,\411'11li,O"'D11fl::1'1.4fl n .,j -. _!' "' I ,¥ 4 0 ..;. ~ ... I

'YlL ';11 'l/LLS11 fl11llflfiL 'D\4 ULLWfl" fl"fl11li~1Lfltl", fl"'D11f1::· d\4fl n W11tl nou LL~::

l3Jill'linJ1utflii"u"11~n1.,"11'1111';1::~o"N1'1.4,r""o"11.,"1n11flr11"L~u1n" t •• I ........ " ..... t ... " I t I .. X

l'l11fi';J1n," nflullfl1l'l'l.4""o l'l1fl fi"Lfl11 ~1'1.4,'1.4flfl""1" CJ 111';1\4fl","

1~'1.411'1111,fl"'D11fl:1'1.4fln t \4U';I,,j\4 l1r.JL l'l~d 1t nll1,..1!ttJ1'YltJ1WJtJ t l'lll~" ..1 0 •• I - ... ... .. .. .. •• t ... , II "0 "..1111 ·- ... .... • .. L~tl"fl1 n0\411fl1l'I\4"Wfl \'11 0 fi"LfllJ · 111 L 'Dfl1 'Yl L111Jfl1l'IU"Wfl LL 'Yl\4

<V <V

lflt~l11,.,lfl'J - material culture ... II I ..1. I . X .!' ..: ..1 !"I .... 111 I I !"I ..: • I ... .. .. ...

: 1~'1.411111 L UW1\4'Yl1J1:: nDtJ,\4"1tJW "'YlLIJ\4 1fl~ Lli11';J::LIJ\4W "1J1::fl1!t Jl'l1 D1fl~

~'1-1. tfl~1.,'1.411'11llri1~\4flfl1111\'1111tll'l;fl~tUfh t""

<V

lft ·church

<V

lft1ij'IJ~ - community church

: 1fltJ1:L11'Yll'ld",0"~1n lthLfiWLLfl'l.4fi' 4"ftJj4fi'DfltJ"1.\4'Yl1"fl1W\41LLfl~1tJL~tJ1 tw~li"D\4

362 so 376

~unu:: - conation

: fl11~L ~r.J7YUJ1r.J1~'1'1i o n11i14 714\ t.:~l..1fl~ 1l1r.J l~ n11 n7::~14'1J0..1fl11~1.h1 7 fl141 . ... .. \'17 Ofl11~J"n

... .. l'WliJRN - necromancy

A .I I 'I ... A I "" .ol • A o '1.9!. ... t : 1"1f1'Y1R1~17fl"'f1r.J L\'lfl14R1~17flflflfl£lnUN \'1701qJqj1n4fl14fl1r.J 'Y11 Ll'l~1414n~1r.J

!"'1 ...... o ""' ~- ~ • I .ol 1 A • '1 "' .. Lu14~~£l1141';JflnflR'Y11f \'17Dn~11Dnor.J1..1\'114..1 flO nTl L"'fL1'Y1~14fl7 fl1fi1"JJD..1

vn mLli~fl'l'l~o~1flr.J...t1 l tl

... ... ltyqpCU'UrJll - animism

A ""' l.ol ' o .I I .ol • A A ... ,tl : fl11~L "'f£l'Y1 ~~7:: tJtJ'Y11..1fl1R141LL~::fl1R£l14'Y1L~1414£l14~fl11~L "'f£lNflLLNnn14 L fl1~

no-3~14 llliifl1Rfl1';117ULL ,.,..,fl1R141 W114 l 'l'lqjL U14fl1R141~U..1\'1~..1L \'la£l~1';11n .,,.I ... ...,. .. .. •• Q,otl 0 t I I I

R~r.J'Yl~~~r.Jr.J..1thL fl£l14 LL~::L "'f£lfl£l«tJ '} n14~1fl1~fl1tJ£l nL~1"JJ£l..1LLfi~::LN1LLfl~::vn n

LL~::3J nLL~ ..1fl1\'I~U'lf014£l~ntJfl1«141U';I,U14 ( q'~Yi ~iyqj1~1l1Yi, fl1R14 1Ltl1r.JtJ

Lfir.JtJ, ~\'111'Ylr.J1ar.J71~fl1LL\'1..1, 2528, '1.4. 45 - 46)

... R~1fl~fl1r.J

..... ... lOl'rltl'Utl - technicways

... ..-

.ol tl'"' - • I .I .,. ,f "' o !"I : 1f77~L14r.J~ !]tJfi"JJ£l..1'4flfl~\'17£l"JJD..1n~~ 'Yl'Yi~141"JJ14~1R14£l..1fl11~fl£l..1n17';11Lu"

'I • ...... ...... .. !"'I I .I ..... ... .I .I ... • L '1.4 nTHl17 ..1"1f1fl 1m 'Ylfl"flL u""1" '~'~"..1"JJD..11 fl"'f11tJ1'1.4 IJI'..1L nr.J1 nu n17'Y11LL~::

n11l ofLfl~0..1i'Jo-.rhr.Jl ~R..1fl~£i11~"1n17Ltl~r.J" ltll~L i'1~" 1iiL'Ylflilfl£in1L ilfl

'i'flL';J"LL't.l.14o" 1. ""fl114n17m~iifl11~~1Ltl" l 'l'lli'Y11..1L'Ylfl114 1~£l Ltl"~1fl7n1,.~ 0 'I ... A tl"' tl .... 'I I' ... I 1 1 .ol .ol I 'Y11 L 'I'lL nfl n1 7 L ~r.J14LL ~..1'Y11..1R ..1fl~LL~::LLRfl..1 L 'I'lL \'114 11L 'Ylfl 14 ~r.J~N~ n7::'YltJfl £l

1~"~,.7~1."an1!-m:: lflo~,..,,,.

11ft - abstinence

"' "" 1 .... 'I .I 'I' ... "' "' .... "' ... t : n17 ..1flL 1"Lflfl"JJ1fl flr.JR~fl7 L';J'Yl';J:: ~R14£l..1fl11~£lr.J1nLYi71::~"JJ£l\'11~\'17EJ~"JJ£l!.IU!.I..1

80376 363

~ .(._ .( nnfiGYII - sacred

: '!IR..l, ~fl1111W1L 'i1t1111~1-u11 (o,1::11"!111~U, (th::~nf 11~'1 lfl) : o,1-u1~n111

~fl11'fr1ft'flf . nuut11::111 auf-,,;' ~11~LL1n \ \4..11\4Yn::11"!rfl1\4LO,R..1fro,~~1..1fr!

w1111ni~"!r1n1, a11;'Unfn11~11~, 2s21, "· 29o)

~

ft1Gfi1YUJ101W • prophet

: ~~Y,ifiLL fl\4~\4 lflmno,1::atl1..1rl"Y,1fiLL fl'U0,1::~LiJ'UL t1lflr.J n11t1~ \ • \~Y,ifl ~;a LiJ'U~fl1.,qpnu~-un11m"ln~ ft'11111tmf..1L~~n11nLL\4El\41flfltl·

ft1G\41&tArJUifirJU - compara,Uve religion , - .. .. ... .. .. ..... ... : 111~1!tr.J1flr.J11tal\411'1111ft'1'!11~\4"L nu1 mJ n11frn1!t1LL~:: n11Lu1t:JtJL fltJtJ1::uu

I A

fr1ft'\41fl1..1 ') '!1El"11~tir.J"!r1fl

... ftDI111J - moratlty

364

I ... iJ I ... 1'..11~ A ~~ ........ 0

: ft'1\4flL 'ULL n'UW11'!1El.,1::LtJr.J1JnQL nm'rlfl11"1r.Jfl1111Nfi"!1El1Jll1fl flft' "flll n1~\4fl

t -n ~wa.ninvt~~atJ~u"1 ~inftfl11'11ll_'!ltl-3~"" \oui-3flll \t~tlmJLiJ" tufl1ll111::ll1fl ... .. ~ ... . . 111 1... .. i ... • 111~ • frft11'11li'!IEl-3ft'-3f111\4'U fr~11'1111W1nfi ~1111. 'Utln11n1t'UtJLD1W1\4fln1~\4fl nL~11tl\4

n\4 L'UU1::ll1~ft~11'11ll'!ltl-3~ni-3fliJ \'Utt1111U1::o,q9iu1"L ~El" ~ · ~Rnft~11'1111 (morality) tl1-3ntJ1;r.Jff1Wflf (ethtcs) 4-3LiJ'Un1'iftfl1!t1Ui'"!rqJ1

111i'1u~ft J1'U '!ID-3fl11ll~ n~;atltt'!IEl-3n11 n1::th 4 -3LiJ'U t!qJ~1~" 1:: iu n11

~111m1\'ULLJi-3flll ll1fl1J1'U1;r.J11'11a.Jii'El-3fh~"flli1Ufl11liLtaJ.i''U'!lfl-3U1L1n~flflfl

80376

.. Ill .. .<i-: ~ fill 'II··- ... ... ... ..1 Jf! ... L£h1 LL~:: tl~LUJ11fl11l!L "110~o~'14'14011~1J\l hJ1't1l!OYI~~~1-.!'14~1 "Jl!YILL 1fl"'0llfl111flfl~

oij LLfltJi~flf -3n01';J'ifl ntJth ::ll1ftftft~"J "Jll11 0-3i' -3flll ,lL ~iJO'U n'l4

... fiDI11J.t - morals

... .. •• .. ..1... t-t' • ... ..!' : tJ 1 "JYifl J1'14 ~ 1 OLL '14 1YI1-3fl11lllJ"J::~qfiYHHflll l'lfl11llft.1fl 'llll1 n~nfl'U -;J::t~0-3

... ... ... -~ ~... ~..a ....... tJDUifl1ll "~~,.,.llllfl11l!Wll'"\l~nuwo'14110~ff1W'141 u~::qt~1Jn11tl4YU.JfltlDn'l4

t '14i' -3flll t" ~~1[) n"J m n1,. ~::LDflftft~"J "Jll iim U'U n1 7\J"J::~ t)fijlfiYI1-3ff1ft.'14 1

LLft::01-;J-;J:: ~n~-31vn;·m.h~l"LL,. -3

... ... t.l fiDI11J.t1J.t-.u, fiDI11J.t 1::-.lfi1J - moral community

oOI 1 I t I o ... A t·~ "' ~ t • I -... : n11l!W1'14 11ll '14~tl4fl1\f~'tfi'UD-311flflft';J1\l1'14~'14~ L~o l'ILntlfl11114 wn '!4n17lJ"JtJ

fiffYI1-3LLft:: n1"J~[J1[J1lltlDf-i1lln'14 ftft~"J"Jll~ll"'1'1401';J\J"J1niJ L '14 n~l!Lan I) L '!f14

fl"JOtJfri'1 LLft::L'Un~llt~qJ L'!i'l4 1::iutJ1::LY1ff"111fi

ftDI111J1.h::-.UlJ.t - moral community (~ ftft~"J1ll~ll"11'14)

... &Yfl - suttee ·

: ~11llLitUll~~lY-3D'14~Unti1L0-3L'14no-3lW~i'ollntJff~W1il

... ( ..: ... .~ ... J) &Ylll'UTI~-.1 - shrine : ~ fJ1ftR -3ffnflft.'Yl~

- " &Ylll'U1Tiftftli101W • oracle

: ( 1) L'14ff1ft.\(11J0-3~1nn;nuft::l 1J14w,j''u lu11m ~ll1Ufl11ll~-3Wtl1'14~W1~i'u ..: ... .~ ... .,~ .. ..1..1 • .or .... "' 1 "' \j"lf1ft. -3ffnflft.YI~ ~1 Oft.tl1'14 YI'Jr-3ft.1ll11 tl'14 1lJ '11~1111lJ"J n1!t1L YI~L-,1 tl[JL YI~L-,1

-;,:: L ~fl1fiDtJf.J1'14ll1Y11~~ 1::~i'tJL fLYI~L f1~14 ( )

II ~ Jf! .. ..l.o~ • ... .., .. ....., ... .. 2 L YI~~~U1n"Jtl4 LYI~L-,1~"JO~"J::Yill01'141';JftnfttJ ~"J0111ft.U81ll11tlL ~'140

... ..a • t ~"J"Jll"'11fiYI';J::fi01Jfl1tl1ll'14'14 I)

(3) LY1~~u1n1m f11flou~;of11~u1n.,ni~llll1';11-m~~Lf1

&Jaul'u - institution

( ) 1 .., ..1 1:: .f .I"' -· I .., f"l ..1 .., .,; t

: 1 LL1JlJOU1-3~fJfln111l'Ylfi-311'14LLft::lJI)1Jflft.tJfiOn'14ll1 LLft::LlJ'14YIUOll"JtJn'l4 '14

i~flll L'!i" tJ1::L~mf11-3 IJ iio11Gin1!tm::Ltl\lwn1u" L'141"111i-3fl111r~u1 ft~wn1u"

50376 365

I !"ltl t I I ............ ( '"'"'""'"'"' 911~ ') Lu\4 1::L11fl \'lqj ') L'Jf\4 Wfl11J\4Lnt.I1111JLfl'1t;)'11';l 111111Rfl!'fi1VUJW\4

I A ) ... ,.j ... ... ( I R1\4~flfl~ 1111!'\41fl:'l1 1111N~91 'i~'i Wfl11J\4Ln!J1111Jfl1tl1Jfl11 1111LL91~~1\4

t .;. .. ) ... • "' .I ... 1111\1111\4 111111J111fl11 1111R1J911:: Q~ Wfl11J\4fl1\'l\41flfl11J~llfi1~W ~flliLL~::

..t' • !"1 t ""' 1 .., o tJ ,.j fltl1JW\4tl~fl1111Yitl~1111';11LuWJI\4\j~J11.4fi1~W~flll L'Jf\4 Wfl11J\4R111W fl1\'l\41fl

fl11J~llfl1111ill~t~.1h::wi1~'J11!.1nuj'l~~ u~::u~LU\4111191auw""a~fl1111tla~1111

~~'lla~~flfl~ (L"lft~. fl1111tltl~1111fi1~L~fl') LL~::'lla~i~flll (L '1ft~.fl1111~1LU\4tltl~ij 1111tl1J111W111i11t\'l~'lla~i~fl11)

.. .. ... ... . .... .... l ( 2) tl~fl 1111 W1!'11lU::\'11 a 11~W1!'11nlo::llflnt::~flfl~fl1\'l\41fltl1\41!J 1111LL~:: fl!J

tl '"' .1' ... !"I ,.j t .I o t' I .t t .I .. ,..t'.., 0 t·"

1 1191LLtt111tl1fl11L u\4fl91~flfl1~1\4 tl~fl1111L \'1~1\49\~'ll\4\1110 fi11Jlltl1Jtl1\41';l l'l

o "" tJ ~ t'..i !"! ,.j "" .., t "" ""' I t' ,.j !"I fl1~1\4 fl1111flq 1::W~flfiL1J\4fi!Jtl1111J11\4 \4W~flll 911tl!J1~'lltl~tl~f'l1111f1Lu\4

... I'"' ..t': A ..t': ... .r oto J! l • Rfl11J\4 L'Jf\4 1fi!J1114!JLL~::ll\'111fi!J1fttJ Wfl1\4fiL~tNLfl11111~~1 1 ~~r.J11J1~

LL~:: l1 ~fl1\4 'i~'i

Cl'lll't'Uhn;l - normality

( ) ... I t I ... .... 0 ,tl I , 0 ... A ...

: 1 , ~11t;nlo::'lla~R1\4 flW1\4\'I\4~'lltl~1::1JU IJJ~\41 \11111fl1~1\4tl\4111J1\4LL~::ll

tl a • t t U •!"I .,. l ""'.., t' .1.

1::Wfl!'111~'lltl~1::1JU\4\4fi~1::1JU W1l1V. 11191Lu\4L ~r.J~ll \4111~Wll~\4!' LliD

t tJ.... ... ... , ... ... I t ... ... I .r 'J1111J111ni.L~~1::111nlo fl111ni.\'I\4.:1Lfl1\4\4 ~11t;nlo::L~~1::fi1~W~flll L'Jf\4 1111'JI'D

1111r.J1 1111fltl1D~fhf1~LL 1 ~~1\4D1';1LU\4~~tl111~!'1111fl1 tt~.i~f'lll\'ltt~ LLfl,~t"lf ..: tl ·t ... ... ... W~ 11191 \4D11W~flll\'l\4~

(2) f111a~l~1191111Wfl1t~.n11m~~a11LU\4U1~L~n1~1a~~a11LUt~.tl111~!'1111fl1

.. .. Cl'lll'l::I11U6111aJ'Ilfl • supernature

366

: LU\4W1111::'J1nfl\'ld.:~~Lf1fl';l111fl1111,~ft~L,r1 t. t \4U1111£l1117mt ,.3 1.1.t1~ ') 'lla.:~ !'1 111'J11~'llD~ll~~u ll~t;Uflfl11tl11 11£) 1111m!'1 111'J11~L \'1~1~\4L nfl';l111~~fli­qnf\'11mn~L f1ti1:11!'1111'J11~L tlt~.~U\4911~ t~LU\4 ,tl L ,r,. LLW .:~w11~, fl1111iifl,

~\49111, vhi'fl~, a11M"fl Lil,..r,. 'Yi1t~ll~t;uf1fl,u·h u1111£lf111mL\'1~1~,.iiLn~Lt1 -- '"' ,{ ... t·~ !"! ,tl ... t fl! ..... ... I •... ... ~11Dfl!'fJfi!'1J\4fl1ft l'ILlJ\4 fl~\4\4 W1111::L \'llolDI"S1l!'J11fl';l~liJ11-4::L 'J1\4Lflr.J1111J

.1'"' ...... "'( ) L fi~L "1~fiHtlfl!'fJfl!' 1J.1.

\

50376

. .... .... - ... . ... fleJ R~fl11~R\4liJJ (sensate society) ft'~flJJL11eJ~ (urban society) eJ1"WI11JJ (ctvihzation)

i~fl11~\41Wqjqj1 (contractual society) LU'Ul\4

..., ..., -'- "" &Nft1Jfi0R&ftll - sacred society

... ~- .. ., .... ..... ... :tl ... '1.!' ... 'I ... ... : R ~fl11'Y111nDL ntu't111eJ1Hfl1JaJ1naJ1ll LVieJLlJ\41J11'YifiJ11.4 L l'lft'JJ1"1rn L'UR ~flJJlleJ1111J

.. :tl ... ~. 1• - I ... I I ... ~ 'I I I LLa:: rleJLlJ\4 ~\41'YilJ!)1Jfl11eJ~R1\4 1111 aJn11fl11J~11eJli1"Lfl1 ~fl1fiJJ1 n'YI"fl LJJ11

;!:: Li1'1.4 n11fl1tJ~aJ111ll t'" n~a.~~ ;_ai ~fl1111eJ~fl\4 ~; e111 ni ~flaJ111ll\4eJ n i ~fl11 ,f 1 ..!' .1~ .1 • I '11 1.!' .,. ..: 'I I 1

LL1J1J\4fleJtt1\4n11L.IJali'ULLlJa~~n'll'\4fleJll1~l'ULL 1 ~ L11tleJ~n1111JLH L ~11 ') fill

• ~ I ... ... 1 ... ... , ~'11 I I .!' • ~~ • I t Lflfl111fl 'J1~f11~ntJR~fl11 an1Rll (secular society) 'YI LJJfleJtt1\4n11LlJali'ULLlJa~ fl ')

LLa:: i'ui ~ l ~liflaeJfiL1R1

50376 367

• .: • • "' ',_'(. ... .:.. 111 .:.. • ... WHlft"11LthUl\4 I) LLn-.,1011\4 011\4fl\ll~fl"1\4Yl1 n.J 011\4"\111fl\4fl\40fl'!J11"

,1"11111 '""'inn11LLf1 thdlaJ1111n11n1:'Yi1~LilYn11ln11YY11"11"n1r.J tiolfla

"' .... "' Q'"fttlllllftYIU1faf,I111J • culure relativity

: ( ~~11~\41111V.Y11"i_,YI1111)

' ~~·~~1""~"flft • 1rave-1oods "'tl ... · .... .:• "" .... .. ( ... : 0111 Lfl1fl" 1:fltJ \111fl1flqR"fl\4 I) Y11J111111Jfl~01Jfm ~14\1\~llffV. ~011W"L1r.J

tl1:nou)

' ~ ., a~ .. ennJJ • taboo : (~fl1\l)

• "' I Q'YI11,fl • do1ma

368

: iflf~n1\ll\4fl0£)~\4fl1r.Jl1LLII: l~i'Un11R1l'UW"\Yflth"LL \L \4LL ~\4 J n t fLYfl1111\11111r.J

t",1"~LRr.J\111mi4oolu1r.Jinl\ll;o\llin~1•o14Yl1"":1WY1'!1fl""Jr"n~11iY lv.n

dt f\11111r.Jii",Yaw11ll~n1"q"11fl~inv1~L;r.JYfLL11;flo"'11Y ~" t 1 lflv laJa111·h

1:"1111tft1~u~l~\ll;olaJ

• Ofl111

(2) n1",j"tiu (n) unuq,qltif11"n£l\11111r.J\II;&fo\Y"tiu~" 1J W1\lli'un11u"tl'u

t ~L i'Jy l tlfi111,Yfln1\I\Yfi'!Jfl" 0£)\11111r.J\II; of~fl11 11ri"tJYlll" lflbtiii:Lijfi,Yfl n1\ll~fl ~" ('!I} t",1"n£l\11111r.J1:wi1"ti1:Lnff \IIIJ1r.Jii" n11~111 n111.h:m111 n11tf

111fl1011fl11J~11 ltJ8" \ll;on1111" lntt ~\Y"tiutfLi4ot~LtlY ltlfl111foflnM

1:w·h"t11:Lnff

50376

I

v .1l&r;JI1fJ - libation

1 ... .1' .1' I A A. A : 017L'Jr'Uft'-3L 1UY11tiL111~10~'U Lfl10-3fUJ 11110,0-3L 111~10'14 ')

aallt~ma~ - totem pole

: Lw1un:wamil"Jtlit~1~i1t:d1Lil"1f1Lnll,o-3n~ll"" u~:t<ftwwfn17th-3 'J ~ ..1 ... 1 ,; ..1 ... • tl .. I LnU101J011Lfl11~\j'1f1 flLflll ~1fl~1UflLLn:I'~OUft'fl-3tl-3 1:WU011tu,0-30~ll'1f'U

..1 ... 1 ,; "'~ :'1 • A tl 0 . I t LOU101J YILflll U~: ~"DLLI'Ufl1111110Lfl'Ul-3111li1U 1:110~l1'1f'U'U'U

T 111lfllftft; • astrology

: n11111ET-3f 111;on17n1'U1U 1fiU011LLtlft I A ..

flo n1n17,0-3ll'11!tu

.,.. Jt ~ .. 11~lti'U8UI~"fJft8ft1:Jvl, ti'HI1fJO - calling

"'""I ....... '11.!"'1 •:rl """' : fl11liL '1JOYI11011f11-31'U111'U m ~ON~ ~fl ~'Uf11-3Ltl11!tJO';ILIJ'U111'U1fl,0-3fl'U'l0fl'U

L~11:vn:Lf1 L"Ufi'1W"U1,~n1111"Ufl' 1L"'i"i" fl11l1Lfm "Ji"d,;, t ~fl" '"~ 17tiLL~: A I ,; 0 ... I A "1-tAII.l' ... tl 1 .. A

0Lll1n1fl1-30f11-31'U111'UOOijfl~OfiL1~1 L~O";J: ~l'l ~•tli1'Jr-3N~ 1: !J'1f'Ufl1"Ltl11!tJO';I

1111L~'U1111n1' 1li1,~L'rh' 1 n\hll1~-3'l'Un1tl1: lu'1fuflo 'tiL 'OU ') .J1LLa'1.J1en ....... 1 ... l..r:'l .-..1 .. 1 .1' L'U0"110tlOO'U1101011liL'1f'U'ULLI'U111'U1fl,0-3ll'11!tUfi0~1:L-t1

( 1 ..... ... (... .. t ..1 ) 1 ... .. ... " ~'Jlft''UO" ~m !Jf1U1'U : ll'11!tU01Jft'-3flll ~ll~fl1-3fl 5 , HViliVill11111flU1~tJ

!11lltl1Wfli'. 2518, "· 93)

' .. .J! v 11~lfJIII~•B~llll~l11al - complex culture

... ....~ ........ I~ ... ..1 tl •.1' : '1f0f1~'1fft'11111Un~llnn1!tm1n171tai'U!11ll (culture traits) 'Jr-3 flU 10flLL~1';1:

tl ........ ~ .. ..l:r1 .. I 'I ... .r :'1 I ,; ..1

7:ft'1'UO'UL,1nunn1!ttu1n1711114-3:YIL1J'U~"Uun~1-3no"U u~:non"U,'ULIJ14ft'1'14Lflllfl

..1 A ... ... .. ... I ... . ... I ... _,

LnU1L'U0-3ft'liVi'U! 0'1411\llfl n~li~01!ttu10111tai'U!11li111~1U ') O~ll11li0'UL,1

_ Lil"Uuuuor.l1-3 (patterns) LLa'1L 7un11111\bmt-3.fow)ta~"U!11ll ll1~11li,0-3111\4 ·m

II .. 11aiBODUUl~. 11118N - medicine man

.-..1. ... .1' ...... t -: ~YIYI1 {1111 01!t1fl'U•I1U1!fl-3Lflll

ti1D1111;61fluili -3L 111ilot71ll'1f1ii

L "'f14 fl~rJ1fi1U1tiL ,Y1"Ji1!J

80376 369

.. 1UJDH - shaman

: ~~ti1nT1i'm71 hf1LfltJn11LoH1f17.:J 'VI1EJ~tl7::nm.J~in11llf11.:J'•v.r1wtrf ~ ilfi11llill~wfLtl'"~~"17nti~JfiFltJ.r1~~·1ll17n'!hm'VIaEill~17t?L~ 'VIliEI~,;.,'VI\l1~

fit I .. ... -~1 ""' •'I T . """ I fit ".!' 'I ... LU14f1'!4mn.:~7::'V111.:Jll~17tJm.J~Jfi~1Jfr1~'Jf.:JEJ~ L'l4 Lftnfl LliEI1~liEJ.:JL 'V\'14 L" L'I4W.:Jflll

t - ..... • .. ..a :'1 tl 0 '.'f. :'1 ,~..a 'I .... fl.:ILflll 'VIliEI~~.:Ifi1'V1'141fiL IJ'!4 'VIllE! 1::~1'VI\j1J1'!4 L~ft::LIJ14o;aL "JJtJ1'!1'1qj L '14L 1EJ.:Jn17

fl7 .:JL f1L oU1H

fi1 shaman LU'14fl1ll1~1n111171~EI.:ILN1'JJ'14L\4 1'Jfth7v

8nliniiEJSJ - etemalism: (~fl~nftth1W114)

J .. D~ftn11t11&YU1 - church : (~flm::w.:~t.~)

8lti1UEJSJ - 'atheism

( ) .... a ..I I \11 1... ~ \11 ~ I • ..a I \11 Ioiii ~ .. ..: ... ~- ~

: 1 ft'Y\!fiWEI'!411 Lli11~1::L·,J1 L•lLLn f111liL"JJEifl11 Lllli~1::L-v1'V\7EIW~frnf1Wfi!'.:J~fl

'I T .r :'1 ""' """ I ..a .. ... ~ ""' "' II tl.r L\4 Lftn\4 LIJ"tf111liL"JJEifl LliLntJ1~EI.:In1.J~1::L-v1 (without god) 'Jf.:Jf111liL'!I'EI L'l4a '14

• :'1 "" ..t. .,a.,. o "' II -' ,f • fit \11 .!' ..1 LflliL IJ\4L ~tJ.:If111liL "JJEiflllf111llft1LEitJ.:I L \4L 1EI.:IL "JJEI'!f1flll1 n ~::L 'VI\4 L'l~1nn17fl

~1nfl;cnfiu'14~flnEI" 'J tt\'i'un17~'141'!4\41ll11 ~1nmn1ittJll \'VI~EJ'"n'" L~71:: .rtl. " I ... • ~ ... T ... ( ..

~1n'!4 !JLW! LlltJEili'141JfiEI~7::L·,J1~EI.:I~1nn7mLft:: L 13.1\4 flnL1~17tJfl1.:1fr1W'141

tl .... tl ... .. .. tl"' (- .. t..a) LLft:: 7'JJqj1 : 1::ll1ftfr~flfr1W\41fr1Wfi1LUI:: 7'Jfqj1 ~ll~f11.:1fl 1 , ~1::'14f11,

.;tJ11J71nL, 2514, '"· 20)

(2) 111L'm~EJ.:J~7::Lf1wi'1" Lftn (~i~ ~l)lqj1~111~, (tl1.:JLL~1))

,.Y.II 81J1EJ,.,., ftl1S.I"J'l11EJ - vice

: ~q~n77li'!IEI.:I~flflft~ifln1Jftft!77li~Ei.:Ji.:Jflll ~EJ11LU\4i.:~-i1i'1tJ111~-:~tl117tl141 L ~71::L 'V\~11~:: rlEI L ~L Ofl€'14fl11tJLL rl~'14~111~flfiEIL ~tJ1oHEI.:J~1tJ EI1J1tJ~'lli:J1~'VIft1tJ i n17 nL:: LLfl11liLL~1 nfiEJ n11 L ff111iltYEJ.:Jn17'V11 EILL 7.:J'!i1Jti'\4!11ll'!f1~~EI.:I~flflft ... \'ltl ..a ..a • "' . 'I ... ... .. • .!'" ~fl L ~1nf11.:Jrt~nflf111 'V\1EIL~EIW\4EI.:If111ll~~f111li~EI L~~'I4Ln\4YiEifl Ll1Elfi1LL~1

ndiflLU14\timLft::'VIll n~\43.11 n~'!4 ') ~14LU'!4a'!4fl71tJLL n~tl7::Yiq~LEI.:I L rh n1JLU14

n17ti1ft1tJWll1-in~EJ.:Ji.:Jflll LLft:: 1 tl'!hvti"lft1iJ~"a nt\'1u

f);i.un - ahimsa : ( ~f111i.J 1t.IL UtJflL UtJ\-L)

370 50376.

u ~ I u OftunliCU, DnliCUillft • character

: (1) ~mn1Vi i'm.H~1m1 ~mw11~ Y~1olntt~ f~LiMLfl~o~uw91~l~h~~a-3anttm:: -':'1 ... ... .ol • ..:\.,: .ol YILu\4R11fltl:R1flqj'tlO~~flfl~\'l\4~\'11£lLU fliH\'1\4~

'Ill -':'1 -..,. ,. ... ..,. "" ( 2) L 1.4911\4 YIL uu~ mw 11 t.JflYI1~fl~11'1 111 \'1111U tl ~ n11 1911: L uuu ~ ntt nn n11

... ... ... ... 'I " :'1 ,. I • I .. "' I • I .. YlfiUflfl LL~:uwu L \'\Lu\4 ufl111111fl1 J1Ufl1111u1:ViqflY11l~u1 :w ~fl ~

() •• .ol .ol .I ~ 'I "" '"' '"'.., I' • 3 1:1JtJ'U1fl'tlD~~flfl~\'IU~'ll'~u1:notJ•I1UL\'I~~~ L1 YlflUflfl URU 01111m R:LYID\4-

h ~9111fltl LL~:~mf11 flULUUti1n1\'IUfiL~~flfl~LaDnYI1~l.J~UfiLufttl1Un11m\'ltt~

. ... 01UlU~qJU111J • charismatic authority

o ... 1 A~ I.. A I t ......... • "' : D1\411~qjt.J1111R1\4~flfl~ 'll'~'tl\4D~nt.Jfl1111L'UD11~flfl~\4\4111RUR11111tlY11:

'

""" .I ""' • ' fi11Ju1:Rt.Jn11 mYIL \'IUD11'1 111911

ft\l~~ID-ill - infibulation " tJ ... ..: .. .... .. -., .. ... A • ..*If .. I

: n11 L '111~LL \'11\4 \'11DR ~DUR111D1U1: RtJViU~'tlD~Rfl1L ViEILU\4 n11 LID~ nu n11 ,-111

111:L 1m

~~1JtlflUU1J • idealism : {~fltlUU11)

~~1Jtlfllf1Ul • ideology: {~fltlUU11)

50376 371