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I N D E X
Numerics0 CIR (zero CIR), 4575 percent rule, network planning, 44
AAAL5 (ATM adaptation layer, 5), 235access
bandwidth optimization, 413SVCs
configuring, 315–321implementing, 318monitoring, 321–324
virtual interfaces, 293–295active TCP/IP header compression, 424. See also
TCP/IP Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface
Congestion. See also congestioncase study, 279–285configuring, 274–276verifying, 276–278
adaptive shapingBECN, 117–118ForeSight, 118–119
ADD_LINK_ACK message, 386ADD_LINK_REJ message, 387adding subrate shapers, 565addresses
ELMIconfiguring, 366–369MIB, 369–377registering, 358–360
global significance, 97local significance, 95. See also local
significance SVC, 317X.121, 339
administrationbroadcast traffic, 54–56bundles, 386, 387congestion, 51, 483–484
configuring, 168monitoring, 178–188
queuing, 487RSVP, 612–617switched PVCs, 161
ELMI Address Registration, 358links, 384–386network planning, 40–45performance, 50–54SNMP, 370
advertisements, SAP, 494agents, MIB SNMP, 370AIM (Advanced Integration Modules), 417Airline X.25 (AX25), 337algorithms
compression, 429leaky bucket, 116Lempel-Ziv compression, 415LSZ, 54Predictor compression, 416Stacker compression, 415token bucket, 116Van Jacobson’s, 423WFQ, 486
Annex G, 331, 334–335case study, 345–353implementing, 335–336monitoring, 350troubleshooting, 350
answers to review questions, 623–641any-to-any connectivity, remote sites, 313Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), 228applications
LFI, 572LLQ, 538–547provisioning bandwidth, 43PVCs/SVCs, 314–315real-time, 42
architecture, hierarchical queuing, 487, 495ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), 228assignment of DLCIs, 94–98association
FRTS map classes, 125–127virtual template interfaces, 574
Asynchronous Transfer Mode. See ATM ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), 227
Cisco, 2600 series routers, 254Cisco, 3600 series routers, 254–255
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Cisco, 7200 series routers, 255CLP, 237–240configuring, 255–265congestion, 240–241DE, 237–240Frame Relay protocol, 229–230FRF.5, 231–237FRF.8.1, 241–252IMA, 254interworking, 230–231overview of, 228–229platform support, 253
ATM adaptation layer, 5 (AAL5), 235authentication, 287autonotification, 358–360
configuring, 366–369MIB, 369–377
Autosense (ELMI QoS), 357–366avoidance (congestion)
RED, 596WRED, 594–599
configuring, 599–602troubleshooting, 602–605
AX25 (Airline X.25), 337
BB channels, switching on, 159backups
bandwidth-on-demand, 313–314VCs, 56–57
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN), 51
bandwidthCBWFQ, 522compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465
latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
LFI, 571optimizing, 413planning, 43requirements, 40reservations services, 610troubleshooting, 530virtual template interfaces, 574
bandwidth percent command, 531bandwidth-on-demand, 313–314Bc (committed burst), 45Be (excess burst), 45BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification),
51, 117–118BFE (Blacker Front End), 337bidirectional mode, End-to-End Keepalive, 199B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital
Network), 228bit mapping
CLP to DE, 240, 250DE to CLP, 238, 248
Blacker Front End (BFE), 337bottlenecks
RED, 596WRED, 594–599
configuring, 599–602troubleshooting, 602–605
broadband connections, ATM, 228–229Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
(B-ISDN), 228broadcasts
configuring, 146–147
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
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managing, 54–56queues, 493–494
bundlesconfiguring, 386–388load balancing, 392–397managing, 387resiliency, 404tearing down, 388
Ccapacity, planning bandwidth, 40, 43case studies
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 279–285
Annex G, 345–353LFI, 581fragmentation, 477–479PPP, 301–308SVCs, 326–329
CBWFQ (Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing), 487, 513, 518–520
configuring, 521–526LLQ/PQ, 531–537troubleshooting, 526–531WFQ, 520
CEF (Cisco Express Forwarding), 429cell loss priority (CLP), 230, 237–240Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
(CHAP), 287channels, switching B channels, 159CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication
Protocol), 287CIR (committed information rate), 110
Frame Relay subscription, 44maximum, 47MINCIR, 613moderated, 46planning, 45–47reducing, 414zero CIR, 45
circuitsCisco, 90i IDSL Channel Unit, 289compression, 54
Cisco, 2600 series routers, ATM, 254Cisco, 3600 series routers, ATM, 254–255
Cisco, 7200 series routers, ATM, 255Cisco, 90i IDSL Channel Unit, 289Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF), 429Cisco Frame Relay Enhanced LMI. See ELMI Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements feature,
158–161configuring, 162monitoring, 171–188
Cisco IOS MLP LFI feature, 573. See also LFI Cisco MC3810 platform, 253Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ), 487,
513, 518–520configuring, 521–526LLQ/PQ, 531–537troubleshooting, 526–531WFQ, 520
classesassociating, 125–127FRTS, 120–125
classification of mission-critical traffic, 50class-map commands, configuring, 515–518CLI (command-line interface), configuring, 66clockrate command, 92CLP (cell loss priority), 230, 237–240cnfport IGX switch port configuration command, 363commands
bandwidth percent, 531class-map, 515–518clockrate, 92cnfport IGX port configuration, 363debug, 102–104
debug frame-relay end-to-end keepalive event, 212
debug frame-relay events, 102debug frame-relay lmi, 103debug frame-relay packet, 103debug priority, 506
enacpsulationencapsulation frame-relay, 67encapsulation x25, 336
frame-relayframe-relay adaptive-shaping foresight, 118frame-relay address registration ip, 368frame-relay broadcast-queue, 494frame-relay cir, 122frame-relay congestion threshold de, 182frame-relay congestion threshold ecn, 182
commands
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frame-relay congestion-management, 169frame-relay de-group, 145frame-relay fragment, 456frame-relay holdq, 488frame-relay idle-timer, 320frame-relay interface, 125frame-relay interface-dlci, 87frame-relay intf-type dce interface, 92frame-relay map, 72, 80frame-relay mincir, 123frame-relay policing, 166frame-relay qos-autosense, 361frame-relay route, 92frame-relay svc, 319frame-relay switching, 92, 162frame-relay traffic-shaping, 164, 457frame-relay traffic-shaping interface
configuration, 120hold-queue interface configuration, 595max reserved-bandwidth, 611no shutdown, 69policy-map global configuration, 556service-policy, 518shape, 522show
LFI, 577–580MFR, 98–101, 397–408 show compress, 438, 465show frame-relay end-to-end keepalive, 204show frame-relay fragment, 470show frame-relay lmi, 71show frame-relay map, 82, 100, 321show frame-relay pvc, 182, 240, 365show frame-relay qos-autosense, 364show frame-relay route, 101show frame-relay vofr global EXEC, 473show interface, 70, 142show interface global EXEC, 322show interface serial, 337show interface serial privileged EXEC
mode, 98show interface serial type/number global
EXEC, 277show interface type slot/port privileged
EXEC mode, 69show ip tcp header-compression, 465show policy-map privileged EXEC, 526
show traffic-shape, 132show x25 map, 343
snmp-server community, 368X.25, 339
committed burst (Bc), 45committed information rate (CIR), 110
Frame Relay subscription, 44maximum, 47MINCIR, 613moderated, 46planning, 45–47reducing, 414zero CIR, 45
Common Part Convergence Sublayer (CPCS), 232Common Part Indicator (CPI), 234comparisons
ATM/Frame Relay protocol, 229–230CBWFQ to WFQ, 520hardware/software compression, 416–418PVCs/SVCs, 312, 314–315Tail Drop/WRED, 600
compatibility of hardware/software compression, 461components
BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119
Compressed RTP (CRTP), 427compression, 53, 413
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes, 415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes, 415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420
commands
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speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
Compression Service Adaptors (CSA), 417, 465conditions, FRF.12 Fragmentation, 460configuration, 66, 73
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 274–276
bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556
Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90
configuration
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SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 574WFQ interfaces, 519WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
congestion, 270–271ATM, 240–241BECN/FECN, 51compression, 53
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
DE, 144–146FRF.8.1, 252FRTS, 110management, 483–484
configuring, 168monitoring, 178–188
queuing, 487RSVP, 612–617switched PVCs, 161
managing, 51map-class, 273notification, 124RED, 596Tail Drop, 595traffic shaping, 271–274WRED, 594–599
configuring, 599–602troubleshooting, 602–605
congestive-discard-threshold option, 519connections. See also networks
ATM, 228–229bandwidth. See bandwidthbroadband. See broadbandDLCI, 94–98ELMI Address Registration, 359End-to-End Keepalive, 207frame mode setup, 316ping utility, 324point-to-point subinterfaces, 87PPP
requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
queuing, 484–487, 495remote sites, 313RSVP, 609SVCs, 323troubleshooting, 102–104verifying, 98X.25, 338
control messages, 316convergence, 232CPCS-UU (CPCS User-to-User notification), 234CPE (customer premised equipment), 288CPI (Common Part Indicator), 234CPU (central processing unit) compression, 431CQ (custom queuing), 52, 485CRC (cyclic redundancy check), 229credit, 115CRTP (Compressed RTP), 427CSA (Compression Service Adaptors), 417, 465custom queuing (CQ), 52, 485customer premises equipment (CPE), 288
configuration
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customizationAdaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for
Interface Congestion, 274–276bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118
broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 574WFQ interfaces, 519
customization
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WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
cyclic redundancy check (CRC), 229
Ddata circuit-terminating equipment (DCE), 318Data Compression Protocol (DCP), 54Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI)
assignment, 94–98ForeSight adaptive shaping, 119priority levels, 147
Data Network Identification Codes (DNICs), 339data payload compression schemes, 419data rates, troubleshooting mismatch, 111data terminal equipment (DTE), 318data traffic, RSVP, 609–611data-stream compression, 460. See also compression DCCs (International Data Country Codes), 339DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment), 318, 357DCP (Data Compression Protocol), 54DDN (Defense Data Network), 337DE (discard eligibility), 230
ATM, 237–240configuring, 144–146
debug commands, 102–104debug frame-relay end-to-end keepalive event
command, 212debug frame-relay events command, 102debug frame-relay lmi command, 103debug frame-relay packet command, 103debug priority command, 506
debugging. See also troubleshootingAnnex G, 353End-to-End Keepalive, 211–212
Defense Data Network (DDN), 337Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), 317delay
LFI, 571MLP, 575
deletingconnections, 359FRTS, 545
deployment of ELMI QoS Autosense, 358
designAdaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for
Interface Congestion, 274–276bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
customization
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associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164
UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 574WFQ interfaces, 519WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
destination service-assess point (DSAP), 247devices, 197–201
configuring, 201–202monitoring, 202–211troubleshooting, 211–212
DiffServ (differentiated services), 513DISA (Defense Information Systems Agency), 317discard eligibility (DE), 230
ATM, 237–240configuring, 144–146
distributed class-based WFQ, 487Distributed Traffic Shaping (DTS), 522distributed WFQ, 487DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier)
assignment, 94–98ForeSight adaptive shaping, 119priority levels, 147
DNICs (Data Network Identification Codes), 339DSAP (destination service-assess point), 247DTE (date terminal equipment), 318, 357DTS (Distributed Traffic Shaping), 522dual-FIFO, 491dynamic mapping, configuring, 77–79dynamic throttling, output, 138dynamic-queues option, 519
EE.164 addressing schemes, 317edge routers, 459EFCI (Explicit Forward Congestion Indication), 241egress interfaces, FRTS, 115ELMI (Cisco Frame Relay Enhanced LMI), 355
Address Registration, 358–360configuring, 366–369MIB, 369–377
configuring, 360–369QoS
Autosense, 357–358configuring, 360–366inability to obtain, 356
ELMI (Cisco Frame Relay Enhanced LMI)
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enabling. See also configurationELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70, 575FRF.12 Fragmentation, 457–459FRTS, 113–117, 120interleaving, 575MLP, 574PIPQ, 497–503SVCs, 319switching, 162WRED
interfaces, 599traffic policies, 600
X.25, 336–344encapsulation
Annex G, 334–335configuring, 67–70implementing, 335–336LFI, 575matching, 72MFR interfaces, 395PIPQ, 495–497
configuring, 497–503troubleshooting, 503–511
PPP frame formats, 291–293queuing, 487SVCs, 318TCP/IP header compression, 424verifying, 69X.25, 336–344
encapsulation frame-relay command, 67encapsulation x25 command, 336end systems, RSVP, 609–611End-to-End Fragmentation, 462, 553End-to-End FRF.12 Fragmentation, 455–457End-to-End Keepalives, 197–201
configuring, 201–202monitoring, 202–211troubleshooting, 211–212
end-to-end mapping, inability to obtain, 356ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), 40establishment
of bundle links, 386of link, 384–386
Ethernet interfaces, Layer, 3 queues, 594events, windows, 198excess burst (Be), 45
existing CIR, reducing, 414existing networks, compression design, 430Explicit Forward Congestion Indication (EFCI), 241Express Header Compression configuration, 429
FFast Ethernet interfaces, Layer, 3 queues, 594fast switching, 115, 429FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification), 51FIFO (First-In-First-Out), 485, 491flow-based WFQ, 486flow-based WRED, 600flowcharts, leaky buckets/token buckets, 116ForeSight, FRTS adaptive shaping, 118–119formatting
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 274–276
bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431
enabling
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Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293
interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 574WFQ interfaces, 519WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (FECN), 51fragmentation, 451
case studies, 477–479configuring, 553hardware compression, 460–465implementing, 455
FRF.11 Annex C, 465FRF.12, 455–465
LFI, 571proprietary formats, 466sizing, 575switched PVCs
configuring FRF.12 Fragmentation, 460FRF.12 support, 457
troubleshooting, 467–476Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 552–556
configuring, 558–563troubleshooting, 561–568
Frame Relay CIR subscription, 44–47Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreement
Document Number FRF.5, 231Frame Relay IP RTP Priority, configuring, 446Frame Relay PIPQ, 487Frame Relay Service Specific Convergence Sublayer
(FR-SSCS), 232Frame Relay Traffic Shaping. See FRTS frame-relay commands
frame-relay adaptive-shaping foresight command, 118
frame-relay commands
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frame-relay address registration ip command, 368frame-relay broadcast-queue command, 494frame-relay cir command, 122frame-relay class interface command, 125frame-relay congestion threshold de command,
182frame-relay congestion threshold ecn command,
182frame-relay congestion-management command,
169frame-relay de-group command, 145frame-relay fragment command, 456frame-relay holdq command, 488frame-relay idle-timer command, 320frame-relay interface-dlci command, 87frame-relay intf-type dce interface configuration
command, 92frame-relay map command, 72, 80frame-relay mincir command, 123frame-relay policing command, 166frame-relay qos-autosense command, 361frame-relay route command, 92frame-relay svc command, 319frame-relay switching command, 92, 162frame-relay traffic-shaping command, 164, 457frame-relay traffic-shaping interface
configuration command, 120frames
Annex G, 334–336compression, 53formats, 291–293modes, 316transmission, 553
FRF.11 Annex C Fragmentation, 465–466FRF.12 Fragmentation, 455–465FRF.5, configuring, 231–237, 255–262FRF.8.1, 241–252, 262–265FRF.9, 421–423, 439FR-SSCS (Frame Relay Service Specific Convergence
Sublayer), 232FRTS (Frame Relay Traffic Shaping). See also traffic
BECN, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147configuration, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127mapping classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144
data rate mismatch, 111DE, 144–146deleting, 545DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148oversubscription, 110–111overview of, 112–113
fully meshed topologies, 48, 49functionality of fragmentation, 556functions. See also commands
Annex G, 334–335implementing, 335–336
Gglobal significance addressing, 97GTS (Generic Traffic Shaping), 147–148, 522
Hhardware
compression, 416–418algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444
frame-relay commands
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schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
configuring, 66Header Error Control (HEC), 229headers
compression, 53Express Compression configuration, 429packet compression schemes, 419RTP
compression configuration, 426–429verifying compression, 444
TCP/IPcompression configuration, 423–426verifying compression, 441
UDP, 426HEC (Header Error Control), 229HELLO messages, 387hierarchical queuing architecture, 487–495High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI), 494hold-queue interface configuration command, 595HSSI (High Speed Serial Interface), 494hub-and-spoke networks
broadcast queues configuration, 146–147compression design, 430
IIDNs (International Data Numbers), 339IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line), 288–289IfIndex (interface indexes), 359IMA (Inverse Multiplexing over ATM), 254implementation
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 274–276
bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54
design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74
implementation
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hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 576WFQ interfaces, 519WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
incoming switched interfaces, 166increasing bandwidth, troubleshooting, 530indexes, IfIndex, 359ingress interfaces, monitoring, 175–178initialization of Multilink Frame Relay, 386–388Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 57, 159interface indexes (IfIndex), 359interface-level queuing, 488
interfacesconfiguring, 66congestion, 270–271
monitoring, 183traffic shaping, 271–274
encapsulation, 67–70Fast Ethernet Layer, 3 queues, 594Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 552–556
configuring, 558–563troubleshooting, 563–570
FRTS, 113HSSI, 494incoming switched, 166ingress, 175–178ISDN B channels, 159LMI, 70–77map classes, 126mapping, 82MQC, 513
configuring, 514–515customizing class-map commands, 517–520
Multilink Frame Relay, 389NNI, 93, 455PIPQ, 495–497
configuring, 497–503troubleshooting, 503–511
PP, 293–295queuing strategies, 498split horizons, 62subinterfaces
configuring, 83–86point-to-point, 87–90troubleshooting, 60–62
subrate shaping, 556UNI, 118, 455UNI DCE, 161VIP2, 422virtual templates, 574WFQ, 519WRED, 601X.25, 336–344
interleavingenabling, 575frames for transmission, 553LFI, 573. See also LFI
internal timers, End-to-End Keepalive, 198International Data Country Codes (DCCs), 339
implementation
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International Data Numbers (IDNs), 339interworking, ATM, 230–231Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA), 254IP RTP Priority feature, configuring, 446ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 57, 159ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL), 288
Jjitters, 173. See also LFI JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), 415
Kkeepalives, configuring, 74, 198
LLAPF (Link Access Procedures to Frame), 315, 321latency, compression, 431Layer, 3
queuing, 596SVC user call states, 316
LCI (logical channel identifier), 338LCP (Link Control Protocol), 288leaky bucket algorithm, 116legacy Frame Relay Traffic Shaping feature,
fragmentation, 554Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm, 415levels, configuring DLCI, 147LFI (Link Fragmentation and Interleaving), 571
case studies, 581configuring, 574–582troubleshooting, 577–580
line cards, VIP2, 422Link Access Procedures to Frame (LAPF), 315, 321Link Control Protocol (LCP), 288Link Fragmentation and Interleaving. See LFI link-layer efficiency mechanisms, 571links, 384–386
bundles, 386LFI, 571load balancing, 392–397
lists, configuring DE, 144–146
LLC (logical link control), 244LLQ (Low Latency Queuing), 487
CBWFQ, 531–537configuring, 533Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 554–558
configuring, 558–563troubleshooting, 561–568
troubleshooting, 539–547load balancing, Multilink Frame Relay, 392–397local significance, DLCI assignment, 94–98logical channel identifier (LCI), 338logical link control (LLC), 244lookups, process switching, 114loss-less compression algorithm schemes, 415Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), 487LSZ algorithms, 54
MMAC (Media Access Control) process switching, 114maintenance of links, 384–386. See also
troubleshootingmanagement, 384–386
broadcast traffic, 54–56bundles, 386, 387congestion, 51, 483–484
configuring, 168monitoring, 178–188queuing, 487RSVP, 612–617switched PVCs, 161
ELMI Address Registration, 358links, 384–386network planning, 40–45performance, 50–54SNMP, 370
map classescongestion, 273FRTS, 120–127SVCs, 318, 320
mappingdynamic, 77–79end-to-end, 356static, 79–83
matching, encapsulation, 72maximum CIR, 47
maximum CIR
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maximum transmission unit (MTU)LFI, 572
max-reserved-bandwidth command, 611measurement intervals, 117memory, compression of, 431messages
ADD_LINK_ACK, 386ADD_LINK_REJ, 387control, 316HELLO, 387Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity Protocols,
384–386REMOVE_LINK_ACK, 388
MIB (Management Information Base) ELMI Address Registration, 369–377
MINCIR (Minimum CIR), 118, 272, 613mission-critical traffic, classifying, 50mixes, protocols, 41MLP (Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol), 571, 574models, Frame Relay/X.25 interworking, 334moderated CIR, 46modes
End-to-End Keepalive, 199frame connection setup, 316
Modular Quality of Service Command Line Interface. See MQC
modulesCSA, 465hardware/software compression, 461
monitoringAnnex G, 350CBWFQ, 526–531Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 171–188compression, 432–447congestion management, 178–188End-to-End Keepalive, 202–211Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 561–568fragmentation, 467–476FRTS, 127–144LFI, 577–581LLQ, 538–547Multilink Frame Relay, 397–408PIPQ, 503–511PPP, 295–299RSVP, 617–619SVCs, 321–324
switched PVCs, 173–175WRED, 602–605
MQC (Modular Quality of Service Command Line Interface), 513
CBWFQ, 521–526configuring, 514–518
MTU (maximum transmission unit), 572Multilink Frame Relay, 381
configuring, 384implementing, 389–397initializing, 386–388interfaces, 389load balkanizing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity Protocol,
384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397troubleshooting, 397–408
multimedia, ATM, 228–229multiplexing, 235
IMA, 254TDM, 290
multipoint subinterfaces, 62, 89–90
NNarrowband Integrated Services Digital Networks
(N-ISDN), 228NCP (Network Control Protocol), 288Network Layer Protocol ID (NLPID), 292networks
broadcast traffic, 54–56CIR, 45–47compression design, 430EMI QoS Autosense, 357–366performance, 50–54planning, 40–45queuing, 484–487
configuring PIPQ, 497–503hierarchical architecture, 487–495PIPQ, 495–497troubleshooting PIPQ, 503–511
RSVP, 609split horizons, 58–60static mapping, 82subinterfaces, 60–62
maximum transmission unit (MTU)
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SVCs, 311–313any-to-any connectivity, 313bandwidth-on-demand, 313–314case study, 326–329configuring, 315–321implementing, 318monitoring, 321–324
topologies, 47–50VCs, 56–57
N-ISDN (Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Networks), 228
NLPID (Network Layer Protocol ID), 292NNI (Network-to-Network Interface), 93, 455no shutdown command, 69nonreversible data compression schemes, 415notification
congestion, 124ELMI Address Registration, 358–360
configuring, 366–369MIB, 369–377
Ooperations, 384–392, 397–408optimization. See also customization
bandwidth, 413Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 158–161performance, 50–54
optionsAdaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for
Interface Congestion, 274–276bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415
hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98
options
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MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 614–619RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 574WFQ interfaces, 521WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
outgoing switched PVCs, configuring, 164output
compression, 435show interface, 142throttling, 138
oversubscription, troubleshooting, 110–111
Ppacket header compression schemes, 419packet-by-packet payload compression configuration,
420
packetscompression, 53congestion, 270–274dropping, 594–599
configuring WRED, 601–604troubleshooting WRED, 602–605
End-to-End Keepalive, 205FRTS, 113real-time, 577SAP, 494Tail Drop, 597
PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), 287parameters
FRTS, 120–125LAPF, 321Multilink Frame Relay, 388–392policing, 166QoS, 356X.25 SVC connections, 339
partially meshed networks, static mapping, 82partially meshed topologies, 49, 61passive TCP/IP header compression, 424. See also
TCP/IP passive-reply modes, End-to-End Keepalive, 200Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), 287patterns, traffic, 42. See also compression payload type (PT), 230payloads
compression, 435data payload compression schemes, 419FRF.9
compression, 421–423verifying, 439
packet-by-packet compression, 420peers, End-to-End FRF.12 Fragmentation, 457performance
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 274–276
bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432
options
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Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465keepalives, 74
hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 576WFQ interfaces, 519WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
permanent virtual circuit (PVC), 287per-PVC level queues, 522physical interfaces, 84. See also interfacesping utility, SVCs, 324PIPQ (PVC Interface Priority Queuing), 495–497
configuring, 497–503troubleshooting, 503–511
PIPQ (PVC Interface Priority Queuing)
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planning. See also configurationbandwidth provisioning, 43CIR subscription, 45–47ERP, 40networks, 40–45
backing up VCs, 56–57customizing topologies, 47–50managing broadcast traffic, 54–56performance management, 50–54split horizons, 58–60subinterfaces, 60–62
platformsCisco MC3810, 253support, 253
Point-to-Point Protocol. See PPP point-to-point subinterfaces, configuring, 87–90poison reverse, 58policies, traffic, 600policing, 160
incoming switched interfaces, 166ingress interfaces, 175–178parameters, 166
policy-map global configuration command, 556ports, UFM, 363. See also connections; networksPPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 287
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291virtual access interfaces, 293–295virtual template interfaces, 293–295
PQ (priority queuing), 52, 485CBWFQ, 531–537PIPQ, 495–497
configuring, 497–503troubleshooting, 503–511
Predictor compression algorithm, 416preferences
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 274–276
bundles, 386–388CBWFQ, 521–526Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 162compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414
CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441troubleshooting, 447
congestion management, 168. See also congestiondynamic mapping, 77–79ELMI, 360–369encapsulation, 67–70End-to-End Keepalive, 197–202Express Header Compression, 429Fragmentation at the Interface, 552–556Frame Relay IP RTP Priority feature, 446FRF.12 Fragmentations, 460FRF.5, 255–262FRF.8.1, 262–265FRTS, 119–120
associating map classes, 125–127BECN adaptive shaping, 117–118broadcast queues, 146–147DE, 144–146DLCI priority levels, 147enabling, 113–117ForeSight adaptive shaping, 118–119generic traffic shaping, 147–148map classes, 120–125monitoring, 127–144overview of, 112–113
hardware compression, 461–465
planning
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keepalives, 74hierarchical queuing architecture, 487LAPF parameters, 321LLQ, 533LMI, 70–77local significance, 94–98MQC, 514–518Multilink Frame Relay, 384
initializing, 386–388load balancing, 392–397Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity
Protocol, 384–386parameters, 388–392routers, 390–397
packet-by-packet payload compression, 420parameters, 339PIPQ, 497–503policing, 166PPP
case study, 301–308frame formats, 291–293interfaces, 293–295monitoring, 295–299requirements, 287–288RFC, 1973 implementation, 288–291
routers, 574–582RSVP, 612–617RTP header compression, 426–429static mapping, 79–83subinterfaces, 83–90SVCs, 315–324switches, 90–94TCP/IP header compression, 423–426threshold queue depth, 272traffic shaping, 164UFM ports, 363virtual template interfaces, 293, 574WFQ interfaces, 519WRED, 599–602X.25, 336–344
premium traffic class, 525priority, configuring DLCI levels, 147priority queuing (PQ), 52, 485
CBWFQ, 531–537PIPQ, 495–497
configuring, 497–503troubleshooting, 503–511
processingswitching, 114X.25, 336–344
proprietary fragmentation formats, 466protocols
broadcast traffic, 55CHAP, 287DCP, 54End-to-End Keepalive, 197–201
configuring, 201–202monitoring, 202–211troubleshooting, 211–212
Frame Relay, 229–230LCP, 288mixes, 41MLP
enabling, 574LFI, 573
Multilink Frame Relay Link Integrity, 384–386NCP, 288PAP, 287PPP, 287RIP, 55RSVP, 609SNAP, 244SNMP
ELMI Address Registration, 367MIB agents, 370
UDP headers, 426provisioning bandwidth, 43PT (payload type), 230PVCs (permanent virtual circuits), 287
bandwidth-on-demand, 313–314compression, 54configuring, 164monitoring, 173–175queuing, 488SVCs
comparing, 314–315comparing to, 312
switchedconfiguring FRF.12 Fragmentation, 460FRF.12 Fragmentation support, 457–459
traffic shaping, 159
PVCs (permanent virtual circuits)
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QQ.933 operations, 73, 315QoS (Quality of Service), 357–366. See also
performancequestions, answers to review, 623–641queuing, 52, 484–491
broadcasts, 146–147CBWFQ, 518–520
configuring, 520–526LLQ/PQ, 531–537troubleshooting, 526–531
congestion, 270–274CQ, 52depth, 272Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 552–556
configuring, 556–561troubleshooting, 561–568
hierarchical architecture, 487Layer, 3, 594LLQ, 538–547map classes, 121PIPQ, 495–497
configuring, 497–503troubleshooting, 503–511
PQ, 52Tail Drop, 595WFQ, 519
RRandom Early Detection (RED), 506, 596rates
output, 138traffic, 139
ratios, compression, 416, 432real-time applications, 42
bandwidth, 43LFI, 572
real-time interactive traffic, RSVP, 609–611real-time packets, 577real-time traffic, 573RED (Random Early Detection), 506, 596reduction of CIR, 414redundancy services, 56
registration of ELMI addresses, 358–360configuring, 366–369MIB, 369–377
regulation of output traffic rates, 139remote sites, any-to-any connectivity, 313REMOVE_LINK messages, 388REMOVE_LINK_ACK messages, 388reply mode, End-to-End Keepalives, 200request mode, End-to-End Keepalives, 200requests, End-to-End Keepalives, 198requirements
bandwidth, 40PPP, 287–288
reservable-queues option, 519reservation services, bandwidth, 612resiliency, verifying bundles, 404Resource Reservation Protocol. See RSVP restrictions
FRF.12 Fragmentation, 460Multilink Frame Relay, 389PIPQ, 497
review questions, answers to, 623–641RFC, 1973 implementation, PPP, 288–291RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 55Route Switch Processor (RSP), 417routers
Annex G, 347CBWFQ, 523Cisco, 2600 series, 254Cisco, 3600 series, 254–255Cisco, 7200 series, 255Cisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
featureconfiguring, 162monitoring, 171–188
compressionalgorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431
Q.933 operations
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loss-less compression algorithm schemes, 415
memory, 431monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441
configuring, 66congestion, 483–484edge, 459ELMI QoS Autosense, 357–366End-to-End Keepalives, 201–202flow-based WRED, 598Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 556FRF.9 payload compression, 423LFI
case studies, 581configuring, 574–582troubleshooting, 579–582
LLQ, 536Mulitlink Frame Relay, 390–397subinterfaces, 60–62switches, 90–94
Routing Information Protocol (RIP), 55RSP (Route Switch Processor), 417RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol), 609–611
configuring, 612–617troubleshooting, 617–619
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)header compression configuration, 426–429verifying, 444
SSAP (Service Advertising Packets), 494SAR (segmentation and reassembly), 229saving bandwidth, 413schemes
compression, 418–419
data payload, 419packet header, 419packet-by-packet payload configuration, 420
fragmentation, 455, 467–476FRF.11, 465–466FRF.12, 455–465
segmentation and reassembly (SAR), 229serial interfaces
encapsulation, 67–70ISDN B channels, 159X.25, 336–344
serialization, 571Service Advertising Packets (SAP), 494service-policy command, 518services
bandwidth reservation, 610SVCs
configuring, 315–321implementing, 318monitoring, 321–324
user-on-demand, 313–314shape command, 522shaping
adaptiveBECN, 117–118Firesight, 118–119
generic traffic, 147–148subrate, 554, 565traffic, 51, 109
Adaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for Interface Congestion, 274
congestion, 271–274ELMI QoS Autosense, 358
show commandsconnections, 98–101LFI, 577–580MFR, 397–408show compress command, 438, 465show frame-relay end-to-end keepalive command,
204show frame-relay fragment command, 470show frame-relay lmi command, 71show frame-relay lmi privileged EXEC mode, 100show frame-relay lmi privileged EXEC mode
command, 100show frame-relay map command, 82, 100, 321
show commands
CH01.book Page 665 Tuesday, February 17, 2004 8:05 AM
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show frame-relay pvc command, 100, 130, 182, 240, 365, 490
show frame-relay qos-autosense command, 364show frame-relay route commands, 101show frame-relay vofr global EXEC command,
473show interface command, 70, 142show interface global EXEC command, 322show interface serial command, 337show interface serial privileged EXEC mode
command, 98show interface serial type/number global EXEC
command, 277show interface type slot/port privileged EXEC
mode command, 69show ip tcp header-compression command, 465show policy-map privileged EXEC command,
526show traffic-shape command, 132show x25 map command, 343
signalingRSVP, 609SVC operations, 316
sizingfragments, 575frames, 53
SMDS (Switched Multimegabit Data Service), 147SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol), 244SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
ELMI Address Registration, 367manager, 370
snmp-server community command, 368software
compression, 416–418, 461FRF.9 payload compression, 439
source service-assess point (SSAP), 247speed, compression, 431split horizons
interfaces, 62subinterfaces, 83–86troubleshooting, 58–60
SSAP (source service assess-point), 247Stacker compression algorithm, 415star topologies, 48static compression ratios, 432static mapping, configuring, 79–83status
End-to-End Keepalive, 207keepalives, 198
subinterfacesconfiguring, 83–86map classes
associating, 126point-to-point, 87–90troubleshooting, 60–62
Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP), 244subrate shaping
adding, 565interfaces, 554
subscriptionsFrame Relay, 44planning, 45–47
support. See also troubleshootingplatforms, 253RSVP, 612–617, 617–619
SVCs (switched virtual circuits), 311–313any-to-any connectivity, 313bandwidth-on-demand, 313–314case study, 326–329compression, 54configuring, 164, 315–321congestion management, 161FRF.12 Fragmentation, 460implementing, 318monitoring, 173–175, 321–324PVCs, 314–315traffic shaping on, 159X.25, 339
switchesCisco Frame Relay Switching Enhancements
feature, 158–161configuring, 90–94ELMI QoS Autosense, 357–358, 360–366QoS, 356
switchingenabling, 162Express Header Compression, 429fast, 115process, 114
synchronization of compression, 415
TT_HELLO timers, 386Tail Drop, 595
troubleshooting, 602–605WRED, 600
show commands
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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 597TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol)compression configuration, 423–426verifying compression, 441
TDM (time division multiplexing), 290tearing down
bundles, 386–388links, 384–386
templatescreating, 574virtual interfaces, 293–295
thresholds, queue depth, 272throttling output, 138time-division multiplexing (TDM), 290timers
End-to-End Keepalive, 198T_HELLO, 386
token bucket algorithms, 116tools, ping, 324topologies
fully meshed, 48options, 47–50partially meshed, 49, 61star, 48
trafficAdaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for
Interface Congestion, 274Annex G, 334–336ATM, 228–229broadcast, 54–56classes, 521–526class-map commands, 515–518compression
algorithms, 429CIR, 414CPU, 431DCP, 54design, 430–432Express Header configuration, 429FRF.8 configuration, 439FRF.9 configuration, 421–423function of, 414–415hardware/software, 416–418, 460–465latency, 431loss-less compression algorithm schemes,
415memory, 431
monitoring, 432–447nonreversible data compression schemes,
415payloads, 435Predictor, 416ratios, 416, 432RTP header configuration, 426–429, 444schemes, 418–420speed, 431Stacker, 415TCP/IP, 423, 441
FRTS, 109LFI, 571LLQ, 538–547mission-critical, 50patterns, 42policies, 602policing, 160protocol mixes, 41RSVP, 609–611shaping, 51
configuring, 164congestion, 271–274ELMI QoS Autosense, 358generic, 147–148on switched PVCs, 159
translation modes, FRF.8.1, 244transmissions, interleaving frames, 555Transmission Control Protocol. See TCPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. See
TCP/IPtransparent modes, FRF.8.1, 247troubleshooting, 58
Annex G, 350bandwidth, 530CBWFQ, 526–531compression, 447congestion, 270–271, 483–484
ATM, 240–241compression, 53FRF.8.1, 252FRTS, 110managing, 51queuing, 487RED, 596traffic shaping, 271–274WRED, 594–599
connections, 102–104, 207
troubleshooting
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data rate mismatch, 111End-to-End Keepalive, 211–212fragmentation, 455, 467–476
FRF.11 Annex C, 465–466FRF.12, 455–465
Fragmentation at the Interface feature, 561–568LLQ, 538–547Multilink Frame Relay, 397–408oversubscription, 110–111PIPQ, 503–511PPP
case study, 301–308monitoring, 295–299
routers, 577–580RSVP, 617–619split horizons, 58–60, 83–86subinterfaces, 60–62SVCs, 324VCs, 56–57WRED, 602–605
tunneling Annex G, 334types of LMI, 70–77
UUDP (User Datagram Protocol) headers, 426UFM (Universal Frame-Relay Module), 363UNI (User-to-Network Interface), 118, 455UNI DCE interfaces, policing, 161user call states, SVC, 316user requirements, planning networks, 40user-on-demand services, 313–314utilities, ping, 324
Vvalues, MINCIR, 118Van Jacobson’s algorithms, 423VCIs (virtual circuit identifiers), 229VCs (virtual circuits)
backing up, 56–57LFI
case studies, 581configuring, 574–582troubleshooting, 577–580
point-to-point subinterfaces, 87–90
verificationAdaptive Frame Relay Traffic Shaping for
Interface Congestion, 276–278bundle resiliency, 404congestion, 178–188, 432–447connections, 98–101ELMI
Address Registration, 371QoS Autosense, 361
encapsulation, 69End-to-End Keepalive, 202–211Frame Relay Switching Enhancements feature,
171–188FRF.5 configuration, 258FRF.9 payload compression, 439PIPQ, 499policing, 175–178regulation of output traffic rates, 139RSVP support, 614–617RTP header compression, 444SVC connections, 323switched PVCs, 173–175TCP/IP header compression, 441
version negotiation, ELMI Address Registration, 360viewing compression, 435VIP2 (Versatile Interface Processor), 422virtual access interfaces, 293–295virtual circuit identifiers. See VCIsvirtual circuits. See VCsvirtual template interfaces, 293–295, 574VoIP (Voice over IP), 555, 572VPI (virtual path identifier), 229
WWFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing), 485
CBWFQ, 520overview of, 519
window events, 198WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection), 506, 595
configuring, 599–602congestion avoidance mechanisms, 594–599fragmentation, 555Tail Drop, 600troubleshooting, 602–605
troubleshooting
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