NUMERICAL CONTROL. Principle of Numerical Control (NC) A system in which actions are controlled by...
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Transcript of NUMERICAL CONTROL. Principle of Numerical Control (NC) A system in which actions are controlled by...
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NUMERICAL CONTROL
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Principle of Numerical Control (NC)
A system in which actions are controlled by direct insertion of numerical data.
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NC Machine ToolFoundation for > Robotics > Flexible Manufacturing Cell > Flexible Manufacturing > CAD/CAM System > Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
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Traditional Machine Tools
Milling MachinesLathesDrilling & Boring MachinesGrinders
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Advantages of NCFlexibilityCapability for Complex Work-piecesManage Large Work-piecesReduced Jig & Fixture CostHigher Quality
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NC System ComponentsMachine ToolMachine-Control Unit > Data Processing Unit (DPU)
DPU processes coded data from hard drive & passes to CLU.
> Control-Loops Unit (CLU)Motion control duties. Operates drives Feedback on actual
position. Acts as a translator for machine commands (motor on/off, tool speed, distance).
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Direct Numerical Control
Advantages: > Library of programs > Instant modifications > Links with CAD > Increase Information Response > Instant Reports
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Computer Numerical Control (CNC)Advantages: > CRT allows review/editing > Pre-check/simulation > Interface allows more capability > Accurate positioning > More functions
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CAD/CAMComputer Aided DesignComputer Aided Manufacturing
Advantages: > Eliminate blueprints > Database of parts > Production Schedules > BOM > Process instructions > Simulations
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NC Motion Control Objective
Execute precise motion in a given set of reference frames.> Generally described by Cartesian space X-Y-Z.
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NC Position Movement
Incremental> Taking the “Last” position as the zero position.
Absolute> Locations on Part – Fixed Reference Frame with Home position for reference.
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Degree of Motion Control
Point-to-Point (PTP)> Good for holes & slots> Position tool over point.
Contouring> Complex curved surfaces> Computers needed for complex calculations> Motion control to motors: varying voltages to DC servo motors.
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NC Part Programming
Block Formats> Each block is a statement.
Computer Language> Programming language designed to execute complex geometrical outlines. >>> APT (Automated Programming Tool) Geometrical data with motion statements or NC.
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Available Block FormatsFixed SequentialBlock AddressTab SequentialWord Address**> Used by CNC controller systems. Alphabetic character is used as a code at the beginning of each word. Utilize words that describe an address (identifier) & a number that specifies its content.
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Example of Word AddressN01 G02 X1500 Y2000 F4 S400 T10
N: identification numberG: preparatory commandX: x axisY: y axisZ: z axisI,J,K: coordinate valuesF: feed rate S:spindle speedT: tool number
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Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)Machine code used for numerical control.> Easier to read than binary.> Four binary digits are required to represent 0 to 9.> Code that is saved in RAM.
Example: 439 = 10000111001ASCII uses channels 1 - 4 for digits;channels 5 – 7 indicate which group (numbers or alphabetic);channel 8 is for parity.
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