NUCLEAR POWER : PERMANENT DANGER · attacks are to be equally feared. Flood risk During the storm...
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Espagne Allemagne Suisse Italie Belgique Pays-Bas Luxembourg 100km 0 50 Rhin Loire Loire Rhône Vienne Dordogne Lot Garonne Garonne Tarn Seine 67 LILLE ARRAS RENNES ALENÇON SAINT-LÔ ROUEN ÉVREUX SAINT-BRIEUC VANNES LAVAL LE MANS ANGERS CHARTRES BLOIS ORLÉANS TOURS DIJON NEVERS AUXERRE BESANÇON VESOUL BELFORT COLMAR METZ NANCY BAR- LE-DUC ÉPINAL CHARLEVILLE- MÉZIÈRES CHAUMONT TROYES MELUN ÉVRY VERSAILLES PONTOISE LAON AMIENS CHÂLONS-EN- CHAMPAGNE BEAUVAIS 11 LA ROCHE- SUR-YON CHÂTEAUROUX NIORT POITIERS ANGOULÊME LIMOGES GUÉRET TULLE PÉRIGUEUX AGEN PAU FOIX TARBES AUCH TOULOUSE MONTAUBAN ALBI CAHORS RODEZ PERPIGNAN CARCASSONNE MONTPELLIER NÎMES MENDE AURILLAC LE PUY-EN-VELAY CLERMONT- FERRAND MOULINS AVIGNON NICE DIGNE GAP PRIVAS ST-ÉTIENNE BOURG- EN-BRESSE CHAMBÉRY MÂCON LONS-LE- SAUNIER QUIMPER PARIS 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 95 61 62 63 64 65 66 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 31 35 67 Veurey-Voroise Grenoble Vif Jarrie Prevessin-Moens Solérieux Monteux Bellegarde Dagneux Mont Verdun Marseille Istres Annecy St-Priest-la-Prugne Grézieux-le-Fromental Chaméane La Chaise-Dieu Solignac-sous-Roche St-Martin-des-Olmes Périgneux Vareilles Crozant Jouac St-Léger-Magnazeix Bessines-sur-Gartempe Razès Chéniers Domeyrot Ste-Marie-de-Vaux St-Pierre-du-Cantal Mariol St-Jean-la-Fouillouse Gramat Lodève Malvési Les Bondons St-Alban- sur-Limagnole Graissac Siran Entraygues-sur-Truyère Le Nayrac Chalon- sur-Saône Issy-l'Évêque Bourges Châteaudun Bailleau-Armenonville Serquigny Rogerville Caen Le Havre Fosse des Casquets Cherbourg Varennes-Vauzelles Château-Chinon Geugnon St-Quentin- sur-Isère Pontailler-sur-Saône Luxeuil Thann Strasbourg Wintzenheim Kruth Saint-Hippolyte Ottmarsheim Chaumesnil Brienne-le-Château Moronvilliers Maubeuge Loos-Lez-Lille Menneville Lacq Boucau Le Barp Bordeaux Chamadelle Biscarrosse Le Ripault Les Herbiers Mortagne-sur-Sèvre Gétigné Pouzauges La Montagne Sablé-sur-Sarthe Champteussé- sur-Baconne Landivisiau Brest Gâvres Toulon Les-Adrets-de-L'Estérel St-Paul-les-Romans Romans-sur-Isère Lyon Saint-Priest 6 submarines (nuclear propulsion) Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier (nuclear propulsion and nuclear missiles) 4 Cruise missile submarines (nuclear propulsion and missiles) Nantes Pithiviers Sully-sur-Loire Acquigny St-Sornin-Leulac Châtelus-le-Marcheix Peyrelevade Gioux Millevaches Ussel Saint-Pardoux Estivareilles Corrèze Darzac St-Julien-aux-Bois Chiddes Mazille Brousse-le-Château Ganagobie St-Étienne-de-Tinée Roquebillière Kernascléden Persquen Quistinic Guérande Meslan Rodez Bertholène Davignac Égletons Arudy Pierrelatte Bollène Cadarache Valduc Soulaines-Dhuys Épothémont Morvilliers Île longue Guenvenez Cruas Meysse Creys-Malville Le Bugey Chinon Saint-Laurent- des-Eaux Dampierre- en-Burly Belleville- sur-Loire Penly Paluel Flamanville Gravelines Chooz Cattenom Fessenheim Le Blayais Golfech Nogent-sur-Seine Civaux Brennilis Saint-Alban-du-Rhône Digulleville La Hague Le Tricastin ITER ICEDA Bure EPURE Mégajoule M51 FAVL EPR EPR ASTRID Mont-de-Marsan Marcoule Risk of a terrorist attack No nuclear reactor is or has been built to resist a 9/11 type attack. Many other types of terrorist attacks are to be equally feared. Flood risk During the storm of December 1999, the Blayais nuclear plant was flooded and Bordeaux came very close to being evacua- ted. All over France, many nuclear sites are in high flood risk areas (Fessenheim, le Tricastin). Seismic risk The Nuclear Safety Authority has acknowledged that the risk of seismic activity in the area was underestimated at the time when nuclear power plants were built. Many [French] nuclear sites are situated in seismic zones, particu- larly in the Southeast. Risk of heatwave Every nuclear reactor needs to be cooled down on a permanent basis, otherwise it would go into meltdown. Because of climate change, heatwaves are becoming more and more frequent and this is increasing the risk of a major nuclear accident. For example, during the summer of 2003, EDF S.A. Had to close down one of the two reactors of the Fessenheim plant [situated in the Alsace region] and one quarter of all French nuclear reactors had to be stopped ! Electronuclear reactors Even when working normally, a nuclear reactor will release radioactivity into the environment on a permanent basis Electronuclear reactors that are being decommissioned These will have to be dismantled, which will generate a large volume of highly radioactive waste. Uranium mining residue Large quantities of radioactive waste has been left on the sites of over 200 closed down uranium mines. Today France imports from abroad 100 % of the uranium used in its nuclear reactors. Processing plants for nuclear fuel Uranium has to undergo a series of processes (conversion, enrichment, manufacturing of the fuel) before it can be used in a nuclear reactor. This fuel lasts 3 years, and is then highly radioactive. From then on, it is either stocked or “reprocessed” in La Hague in Normandy [French equivalent of Sellafield], which generates a considerable amount of radioactive discharge and waste. Storage and warehousing of radioactive waste The most radioactive waste remains dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years. No method of storage can rule out the risk of considerable radioactive leaks into the environment. Activities linked to the atomic weapons industry Civil and military nuclear industries are closely linked : as long as there are nuclear power stations, there will be bombs. France has about 350 nuclear warheads. Due to lack of space, we are unable to show on this map the sites where the French nuclear tests took place in Polynesia and in the Algerian Sahara : to this date, the local residents and the army veterans are still suffering from serious health consequences of the subsequent radioactive contamination. More info on : www.obsarm.org Command centres for nuclear strike force Principal current nuclear projects : EPR : European Pressurized Reactor, being built in Flamanville (Normandy). ITER : International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a research reactor, currently being built to work on nuclear fusion [in Cadarache, Southeastern France]. ASTRID : Sodium-cooled fast reactor project. CIGÉO Bure : Planned geological disposal facility for nuclear waste, [in the Meuse département]. ICEDA : Planned storage facility for nuclear waste. FAVL : Underground disposal facility for low level, long life nuclear waste, location as yet to be decided. M51 : New nuclear missile, currently being developed in total violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, which France has ratified. Mégajoule : Laser research facility on thermonuclear weapons EPURE : Radiography facility for upgrading nuclear weapons Installations for nuclear research Experimental reactors, particle accelerators, laboratories...These all generate radioactive discharge and waste. Installations for food irradiation Industrial irradiation of “fresh” food items is used to enable long-distance transport and long shelf life. The potential health impacts of eating irradiated food have never been studied. More info on : www.irradiation-aliments.org Very High Voltage lines at 400,000 volts The nuclear industry produces electricity in a very centralized way, therefore it has to be transported for very long distances at a very high voltage. But prolonged exposure to electro-magnetic fields is a health risk. 91 ÉVRY VERSAILLES S e i n e 78 77 MELUN EVRY 91 93 94 95 92 75 Angervilliers Saclay Villejuif Île-Saint- Denis Fontenay- aux-Roses Le Bouchet Itteville Arcueil Chilly-Mazarin Limeil-Brévannes Nogent- sur-Marne Romainville Aubervilliers Paris, Élysée Palaiseau Orsay Le Coudray- Montceaux Bruyères- le-Châtel NUCLEAR POWER : PERMANENT DANGER You can find detailed information and high quality photos of nuclear sites on our interactive map : http://www.sortirdunucleaire.org/carte Join us to fight for a world without nuclear 9 rue Dumenge 69317 Lyon Cedex 04 Tél : 04 78 28 29 22 [email protected] www.sortirdunucleaire.org Information about nuclear installations is generally kept secret or is difficult to find out. Therefore, this map is probably not exhaustive. This map is under “Creative Commons” license, and can be circulated and reused freely, provided the following conditions are adhered to : no modification, no commercial use, mention of the “Sortir du Nucléaire” network. Translation : Marie-Pierre Gaudez.
Transcript of NUCLEAR POWER : PERMANENT DANGER · attacks are to be equally feared. Flood risk During the storm...
Espagne
Allemagne
Suisse
Italie
Belgique
Pays-Bas
Luxembourg
100km0 50
Rhin
Loire
Loire
Rhône
Vienne
Dordogne
Lot
Garonne
Garonne
Tarn
Seine
67
LILLE
ARRAS
RENNES
ALENÇON
SAINT-LÔ
ROUEN
ÉVREUX
SAINT-BRIEUC
VANNES
LAVALLE MANS
ANGERS
CHARTRES
BLOIS
ORLÉANS
TOURS
DIJON
NEVERS
AUXERRE
BESANÇON
VESOUL
BELFORT
COLMAR
METZ
NANCYBAR-LE-DUC
ÉPINAL
CHARLEVILLE-MÉZIÈRES
CHAUMONT
TROYES
MELUN
ÉVRY
VERSAILLES
PONTOISE
LAON
AMIENS
CHÂLONS-EN-CHAMPAGNE
BEAUVAIS
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LA ROCHE-SUR-YON
CHÂTEAUROUX
NIORT
POITIERS
ANGOULÊME
LIMOGES
GUÉRET
TULLEPÉRIGUEUX
AGEN
PAU
FOIX
TARBES
AUCH
TOULOUSE
MONTAUBAN ALBI
CAHORS RODEZ
PERPIGNAN
CARCASSONNE
MONTPELLIER
NÎMES
MENDE
AURILLAC
LE PUY-EN-VELAY
CLERMONT-FERRAND
MOULINS
AVIGNON
NICE
DIGNE
GAPPRIVAS
ST-ÉTIENNE
BOURG-EN-BRESSE
CHAMBÉRY
MÂCON
LONS-LE-SAUNIER
QUIMPER
PARIS
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Veurey-Voroise
Grenoble
VifJarrie
Prevessin-Moens
Solérieux
Monteux
Bellegarde
Dagneux
Mont Verdun
Marseille
Istres
AnnecySt-Priest-la-Prugne
Grézieux-le-Fromental
Chaméane
La Chaise-DieuSolignac-sous-Roche
St-Martin-des-OlmesPérigneux
VareillesCrozant
Jouac
St-Léger-Magnazeix
Bessines-sur-Gartempe
Razès
ChéniersDomeyrot
Ste-Marie-de-Vaux
St-Pierre-du-Cantal
Mariol
St-Jean-la-Fouillouse
Gramat
Lodève
Malvési
Les Bondons
St-Alban-sur-Limagnole
GraissacSiran
Entraygues-sur-TruyèreLe Nayrac
Chalon- sur-Saône
Issy-l'Évêque
Bourges
Châteaudun
Bailleau-Armenonville
Serquigny
Rogerville
Caen
Le Havre
Fosse des Casquets
Cherbourg
Varennes-Vauzelles
Château-Chinon
Geugnon
St-Quentin-sur-Isère
Pontailler-sur-Saône
LuxeuilThann
Strasbourg
Wintzenheim
Kruth
Saint-Hippolyte
Ottmarsheim
Chaumesnil
Brienne-le-Château
Moronvilliers
Maubeuge
Loos-Lez-LilleMenneville
Lacq
Boucau
Le Barp
Bordeaux
Chamadelle
Biscarrosse
Le Ripault
Les HerbiersMortagne-sur-Sèvre
Gétigné
Pouzauges
La Montagne
Sablé-sur-Sarthe
Champteussé-sur-Baconne
LandivisiauBrest
Gâvres
Toulon
Les-Adrets-de-L'Estérel
St-Paul-les-RomansRomans-sur-Isère
LyonSaint-Priest
6 submarines(nuclear propulsion)
Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier(nuclear propulsion and nuclear missiles)
4 Cruise missile submarines (nuclear propulsion andmissiles)
Nantes
Pithiviers
Sully-sur-Loire
Acquigny
St-Sornin-Leulac
Châtelus-le-Marcheix
PeyrelevadeGioux
Millevaches
Ussel
Saint-Pardoux
Estivareilles
Corrèze
DarzacSt-Julien-aux-Bois
ChiddesMazille
Brousse-le-Château
Ganagobie
St-Étienne-de-Tinée
Roquebillière
KernasclédenPersquen
Quistinic
Guérande
Meslan
RodezBertholène
DavignacÉgletons
Arudy
PierrelatteBollène
Cadarache
Valduc
Soulaines-DhuysÉpothémont
MorvilliersÎle longueGuenvenez
CruasMeysse
Creys-Malville
Le Bugey
Chinon
Saint-Laurent-des-Eaux
Dampierre-en-Burly
Belleville-sur-Loire
Penly
Paluel
Flamanville
Gravelines
Chooz
Cattenom
Fessenheim
Le Blayais
Golfech
Nogent-sur-Seine
Civaux
Brennilis
Saint-Alban-du-Rhône
Digulleville
La Hague
Le Tricastin
ITER
ICEDA
Bure
EPURE
Mégajoule
M51
FAVL
EPR
EPR
ASTRID
Mont-de-Marsan Marcoule
Risk of a terrorist attackNo nuclear reactor is or has been built to resist a 9/11 type attack. Many other types of terrorist attacks are to be equally feared.
Flood riskDuring the storm of December 1999, the Blayais nuclear plant was flooded and Bordeaux came very close to being evacua-ted. All over France, many nuclear sites are in high flood risk areas (Fessenheim, le Tricastin).
Seismic riskThe Nuclear Safety Authority has acknowledged that the risk of seismic activity in the area was underestimated at the time when nuclear power plants were built. Many [French] nuclear sites are situated in seismic zones, particu-larly in the Southeast.
Risk of heatwaveEvery nuclear reactor needs to be cooled down on a permanent basis, otherwise it would go into meltdown. Because of climate change, heatwaves are becoming more and more frequent and this is increasing the risk of a major nuclear accident. For example, during the summer of 2003, EDF S.A. Had to close down one of the two reactors of the Fessenheim plant [situated in the Alsace region] and one quarter of all French nuclear reactors had to be stopped !
Electronuclear reactorsEven when working normally, a nuclear reactor will release radioactivity into the environment on a permanent basis
Electronuclear reactors that are being decommissionedThese will have to be dismantled, which will generate a large volume of highly radioactive waste.
Uranium mining residueLarge quantities of radioactive waste has been left on the sites of over 200 closed down uranium mines. Today France imports from abroad 100 % of the uranium used in its nuclear reactors.
Processing plants for nuclear fuelUranium has to undergo a series of processes (conversion, enrichment, manufacturing of the fuel) before it can be used in a nuclear reactor. This fuel lasts 3 years, and is then highly radioactive. From then on, it is either stocked or “reprocessed” in La Hague in Normandy [French equivalent of Sellafield], which generates a considerable amount of radioactive discharge and waste.
Storage and warehousing of radioactive wasteThe most radioactive waste remains dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years. No method of storage can rule out the risk of considerable radioactive leaks into the environment.
Activities linked to the atomic weapons industryCivil and military nuclear industries are closely linked : as long as there are nuclear power stations, there will be bombs. France has about 350 nuclear warheads.Due to lack of space, we are unable to show on this map the sites where the French nuclear tests took place in Polynesia and in the Algerian Sahara : to this date, the local residents and the army veterans are still suffering from serious health consequences of the subsequent radioactive contamination. More info on : www.obsarm.org
Command centres for nuclear strike force
Principal current nuclear projects :EPR : European Pressurized Reactor, being built in Flamanville (Normandy).ITER : International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a research reactor, currently being built to work on nuclear fusion [in Cadarache, Southeastern France].ASTRID : Sodium-cooled fast reactor project.CIGÉO Bure : Planned geological disposal facility for nuclear waste, [in the Meuse département].ICEDA : Planned storage facility for nuclear waste.FAVL : Underground disposal facility for low level, long life nuclear waste, location as yet to be decided.M51 : New nuclear missile, currently being developed in total violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, which France has ratified.Mégajoule : Laser research facility on thermonuclear weaponsEPURE : Radiography facility for upgrading nuclear weapons
Installations for nuclear research Experimental reactors, particle accelerators, laboratories...These all generate radioactive discharge and waste.
Installations for food irradiationIndustrial irradiation of “fresh” food items is used to enable long-distance transport and long shelf life. The potential health impacts of eating irradiated food have never been studied.More info on : www.irradiation-aliments.org
Very High Voltage lines at 400,000 voltsThe nuclear industry produces electricity in a very centralized way, therefore it has to be transported for very long distances at a very high voltage. But prolonged exposure to electro-magnetic fields is a health risk.
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VERSAILLES
Seine
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MELUN
EVRY
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Angervilliers
Saclay
Villejuif
Île-Saint-Denis
Fontenay-aux-Roses
Le BouchetItteville
Arcueil
Chilly-Mazarin
Limeil-Brévannes
Nogent-sur-Marne
Romainville
Aubervilliers
Paris, Élysée
Palaiseau
Orsay
Le Coudray-Montceaux
Bruyères-le-Châtel
NUCLEAR POWER : PERMANENT DANGER
You can find detailed information and high quality photos of nuclear sites on our interactive map : http://www.sortirdunucleaire.org/carte
Join us to fight fora world without nuclear
9 rue Dumenge69317 Lyon Cedex 04
Tél : 04 78 28 29 [email protected]
www.sortirdunucleaire.org
Information about nuclear installations is generally kept secret or is difficult to find out. Therefore, this map is probably not exhaustive. This map is under “Creative Commons” license, and can be circulated and reused freely, provided the following conditions are adhered to : no modification, no commercial use, mention of the “Sortir du Nucléaire” network.
Translation : Marie-Pierre Gaudez.
