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NUCLEAR POWER Cory Clementz Owen Elger Daniel Perchinsky Dave Petrosky Mark Riffel Nick Wendeln 1

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POLICIES REGARDING NUCLEAR ENERGY What policies, if any, currently address this problem? Are they in the form of laws, regulations, treaties, policy statements, or what?

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WHY NUCLEAR? Fossil fuels produce toxins Nuclear power plants produce almost none 1kg of uranium = 17k kg of coal Waste from burning fossil fuels is released into the atmosphere Waste from nuclear power plant is stored underground 3

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MATERIAL EFFECTS Best way of storing waste is to encase them in molten glass then put in steel drums and then sealed in concrete Also, because uranium is so dense, it does not take up very much room Radiation from a plant is very minimal (about 1/50 th of the amount received from an x-ray, and thats over the course of your whole life) 4

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SAFETY Most people just think about the few bad incidents when they hear the word nuclear power New facilities remove need for almost all human interaction, which was one of the causes of the Chernobyl incident These plants can take decades to finish due to the safety precautions and laws that must be met first 5

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ENERGY COMPARISON When compared to other types of energy, nuclear comes out on top in sheer production Wind farms and solar farms require enormous amounts of land to produce significant amounts of energy 12.4 billion kW hours ---Nuclear 3.5 billion kW hours---Coal 6

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MAIN GLOBAL NUCLEAR ENERGY CONTROL Established in 2006 formerly (Global Nuclear Energy Partnership) 25 Member States globally the global expansion of nuclear power in a safe and secure manner (World-nuclear.org) Continuing Contributions: Reliable Nuclear Fuel Services Nuclear Fuel Leasing Nuclear Research Nuclear Waste Tracking 8

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MAIN EUROPEAN NUCLEAR ENERGY CONTROL Established in 2007 27 Member States in the European Union to help to establish the conditions for continuous improvement and to reach a common understanding in the areas of nuclear safety and radioactive waste management. (http://www.ensreg.eu/)http://www.ensreg.eu/ Contributions: EU Stress Test- Reaction to Fukushima incident Transparency and Public Involvement Nuclear Safety Regulation Management of Spent Fuel and Radioactive waste 9

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U.S. NUCLEAR ENERGY CONTROL 10

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GOVERNMENTS ROLE IN NUCLEAR POLICY The Main Policy Makers Views Towards Nuclear Energy 11

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NUCLEAR ENERGY USE IN THE U.S.A. 12

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EVENTS THAT EFFECT NUCLEAR POLICY Chernobyl Fuel Prices Carbon Emissions Fukushima 13

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NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) Most NGOs can fall into one of two categories when concerned with nuclear energy: 1. Environmentalist 2. Nuclear Supporters

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ENVIRONMENTALIST Greenpeace International Friends of the Earth International Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Dont Nuke the Climate 15

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ANTI-NUCLEAR ARGUMENTS Initial Cost Harm to environment Alternative energy sources Radiation Leakage Unsafe Power Plants 16

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ANTI-NUCLEAR TACTICS Petitions Rallies Demonstrations Public Awareness 17

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NUCLEAR SUPPORTERS World Nuclear Association International Atomic Energy Agency Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy American Nuclear Society Nuclear Energy Institute 18

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PRO-NUCLEAR ARGUMENTS Energy production costs Radiation is insignificant Modern day safety Large energy output relative to size Growing population needs more energy Virtually no greenhouse gases produced 19

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PRO-NUCLEAR TACTICS Providing information Public Awareness Provide aid in times of emergencies Task forces to ensure safe reactors 20

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Atomic Energy Act (1954) Empowers the NRC to enforce standards Energy Reorganization Act (1974) Converts AEC into NRC and Energy Research and Development Administration Reorganization Plan no. 3 (1970) Establishes U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Create environmental standards from radioactive matl. U.S. POLICY ON NUCLEAR MATERIALS 21

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Nuclear Waste Policy Act (1982) Federal gov. responsible for permanent placement of nuclear fuel. Yucca Mountain, Nevada site Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act (1985) Gives states responsibility to dispose waste generated in their boundaries. Requires NRC to create standards for quantities above certain levels. NUCLEAR WASTE 22

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Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act (1978) Seeks to reduce spread of nuclear weapons Establishes criteria to govern U.S. nuclear exports. Signatories of treaty share reactor information for peaceful purposes. Seek to strengthen international safeguards NON-PROLIFERATION 23

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National Environmental Policy Act (1969) NEPA promotes enhancement of the environment Requires all federal gov. agencies to prepare environmental assessments and impact statements. Established a council on environmental quality (CEQ) POLICY GOVERNING PROCESSES 24

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POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS What are your policy recommendations? Should current policy be continued as is? Should modifications be made? Should it be abolished? Why?

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RECOMMENDATIONS Educate More Nuclear Plants Strategic Locations Energy Security Regulation and Safety ORGs and Commissions 26

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EDUCATE Pros and Cons Teach about nuclear energy disasters Nuclear energy tends to have a negative connotation 27

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GO NUCLEAR! Fossil Fuels are bad for environment Low cost of Maintenance Large amount of energy Small amounts of waste 28

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Locations Fukushima Incident Natural Disasters Placed strategically throughout USA 29

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ENERGY SECURITY Distance ourselves from coal and foreign oil More regulation Learn from Fukushima incident Terrorists? 30

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ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMISSIONS NRC- Nuclear Regulatory Commission IFNEC- International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation Promotes safety and security 31

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WORK CITED Works Cited Eureka County, NevadaNuclear Waste Office. "Update Yucca Mountain Radiation Standards." Eureka County, Nevada -- Yucca Mountain.org. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. European Commission of Energy. "Energy: European Nuclear Safety Regulator Group (ENSREG) - European Commission." EUROPA - European Commission - Homepage. European Commission. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. European Commission of Energy. "Energy: Stress Tests - European Commission." EUROPA - European Commission - Nuclear Energy. European Commission, 23 June 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. NRC. "NRC: About NRC." NRC: Home Page. NRC, 15 Apr. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. NRC. "NRC: Our Governing Legislation." NRC: Home Page. U.S. NRC, 31 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. Office of Environmental Management. "DOE Environmental Management (EM) Waste and Materials Disposition Information." Office of Environmental Management. U.S. Department of Energy, 3 Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. Taylor, James. "Nuclear Construction Summit, USA 2009." Eyeforenergy. First Conferences Ltd., 2009. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. United States of America. U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. Nuclear Waste Policy Act as Amended. By U.S. Department of Energy. Energy.gov, Mar. 2004. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. World Nuclear Association. "Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP)." World Nuclear Association | Nuclear Power - a Sustainable Energy Resource. World Nuclear Association, 29 June 2009. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. World Nuclear Association. "Japan, France Consider Nuclear Power Costs." World Nuclear News. World Nuclear News, 8 Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. World Nuclear Association. "US Nuclear Power Policy | Nuclear Energy Policy USA." World Nuclear Association | Nuclear Power - a Sustainable Energy Resource. World Nuclear Association, Oct. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. World Nuclear News. "ABWR Fit for Aircraft Impact." World Nuclear News. World Nuclear News, 2 Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. World Nuclear News. "Swedish Focus on Earthquake Protection." World Nuclear News. World Nuclear News, 4 Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.. 32

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THANK YOU! 33