Nuclear Energy in Indonesia

8/6/2019 Nuclear Energy in Indonesia

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Agus Praditya T| Bandung Institut of Technology (ITB) |INHERENT| +62 857 2220 7675 | [email protected]

Nuclear Energy in Indonesia

1. Introduction

The increasing of demand and supply of energy is a reality anda necessity to support

social-economic development of a country. Indonesia, as a developing country, has ahigh electricity demand due to National Economic Development based on

industrialization and supported by a strong agriculture base. It can be noted that in the

last five years, the annual electricity growth rate has been assumed at around 9% per

annum.

The main energy source fueling Indonesia¶s economy is oil, although decreasing

domestic production, increasing domestic consumption, and global price hikes over the

past few years have reduced oil consumption and prompted effort to develop other

energy resources, coal. Coal will be the primary domestic energy resource, especially to

fuel new power generation capacities since Indonesia¶s plans to rapidly expand the use of

coal for power generation by building more than 3,000 MW of new coal-fired power

generation in Western Java alone by 2010.

The expanded use of coal will significantly increase emissions of SOx, NOx, PM10,

and other pollutants. Therefore, this will cause health impacts, like asthma attacks, lower

respiratory illness (children), respiratory symptoms, and other respiratory diseases. And

for this reason, Indonesia¶s goverment intends to applying an optimum energy mix

comprising all viable energy sources. The Presidential Regulation No.5 year 2006

indicates the target of energy mix until 2025 and the share of nuclear energy is about 2%

of primary energy or 4% of electricity.

Figure 1 : Primary energy

supply by source in Indonesia




2. Indonesia¶s Nuclear Energy Development

Indonesia has several decades of history of activities towards thepeaceful use of

nuclear energy, including planning for power generation as can be seen from this figure

below:

And towards the plan in introducing Indonesia¶s first Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), the

Act number 31 year 1964 does not suffice anymore with the current developing situation.

Therefore it is replaced with Act number 10 year 1997, which seperating the regulatory

body from implementing agency by the forming of two seperate agencies, the Nuclear

Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) and National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) as the

executing body which have the task to execute the use of nuclear energy.Then, in 2007,

goverment release another act, Act number 17 year 2007 on Long Term National

Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to 2025.

BATAN, as the executing body, have the main duties to conduct government

activities in the field of research, development, and the beneficial applications of nuclear

energy in accordance with the law and regulation. These means that BATAN is

responsible in general surveys, explorations and exploitations of nuclear ore, raw

material production for manufacturing and fabrication of nuclear fuel, production of

Figure 2 : Indonesias nuclear power program history



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radi i t r research and devel ent and radi active waste management And in

order to prepare manpower to suppor t construction, operation and maintenance of the

future NPP in Indonesia, BATAN has performed the R& in reactor technology, nuclear

safety, fuel cycles, instrumentation and control system, and radioactive waste

management

At present BATAN have 3 research reactors which are spread out in the Nuclear

R esearch Centers in Bandung, Yogyakar ta, and Serpong.

1) Bandung Nuclear Complex has the Tr iga Mark II R eactor which star ted with a power

of 250 kW in 1965. The power of this reactor was then increased to 1000 kW in 1971

and fur ther to 2000 kW in the year 2000. Other facilities in this area are the laboratory

for physics, chemistry and biology, production of isotopes and labeled compounds. In

addition, nuclear medicine f irstly developed in Bandung nuclear complex was the

embryo of the nuclear medicine in Indonesia. The activities of nuclear medicine was

then fur ther developed in several hospitals in Indonesia.

2) Kar tini R eactor is a nuclear reactor with a power of 100 kW in operation since 1979 at

Yogyakar ta Nuclear R esearch Center. The purpose of this reactor is for education and

training facility. In addition, supervision of occupational radiation safety and that of

environmental radioactivity are also conducted.

3) The Multi purpose 30 MW R esearch R eactor (completed at 1992) at Serpong Nuclear

R esearch Center have been used mainly for mater ial testing, nuclear analytical

analysis, isotope production, neutron beam exper iment, and for education. This

reactor also having been built with the objectives to suppor t development of the

nuclear industry and for preparation, development as well as the operation of Nuclear

Power Plants in Indonesia.

In order to suppor t the nuclear energy program, several research facilities have been

built in the Serpong Nuclear R esearch Center, among the multi purpose 30 MW reactor.

There is also Pasar Jum'at Nuclear Complex with its 3 units of Co 60 Gamma Irradiators

for Application of Isotope and R adiation Technology and the Exploration Area in West

Kalimantan for researching in exploration and test mining of nuclear ores.

Indonesia has done extensive prepatory work on most infrastructure issues that would

allow the country to make decision to fur ther consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e.

to go from phase 1 to phase 2 to in Milestone methodology.




Another important issue in nuclear power introduction is the human resources

development for the safety of nuclear facilities and technology development. Indonesia

through its nuclear energy agency (BATAN) has made and devoted special efforts to

prepare highly competence personnel in preservation and enhancement of nuclear

knowledge towards Indonesia¶s plan to operate the first NPP by 2016. This aim is further

supported by sending personnel abroad to obtain Master or Doctoral degree, and sending

personnel aboard for on the job training (i.e. to General Electric and Westinghouse

companies to participate in their NPP design activities or to the research institute in

Japan or Republic of Korea). BATAN also nominates its staff to participate in the

International Training Courses organized abroad by theIAEA, RCA, FNCA or foreign

institutions under the bilateral cooperation.

3. Introduce Nuclear Power in Indonesia

Public Acceptance is one of the most important issues in the introduction of nuclear

power. Public acceptance is derived from public understanding that the nuclear

programme is indispensable and beneficial to the Indonesian economy and environment.

And public understanding may results in public support for nuclear power programme.

The first step is the public information has to be intensified in line with the

dissemination of proven nuclear technology application activities alreadycarried out for

couple years in various provinces together with various research and development

Figure 3 : Indonesias

nuclear infrastructure

development program



Agus Praditya T| Bandung Institut of Technology (ITB |INHERENT| +62 857 2220 7675 | radit _neo11

yahoo.com

institutes and local governments, universities, pr ivate companies, and non-governmental

organi ations. Secondly, tell the information about nuclear power, not only NPP, but

rather the role of this energy source within the context of objectives for the social,

political and economic development of a country. Government and nuclear industry must

also create open and transparent policy in the nuclear decision mak ing process to fulf ill

the ³r ight to know´ of the public.

In the top of that, training for the journalists must be given in the f irst pr ior ity.

Exper iences show that the mass media has becoming an impor tant factor in the role of

forming public opinion as well as informing and educating the people. Therefore

maintaining a fr iendly relationshi p with the journalist is one of the classical ways.

BATAN has organi ed the nuclear science and technology training programme for

Indonesian scientif ic journalists on September 2003.

4. Concl ion

The social-economic development are increasing demand and supply of energy to a

limited number of sources of energy currently available. Due to the secure long-term

energy supply, nuclear power is the only alternative at present for replacing the fossil

base load generation, especially in Java.

Indonesia through its nuclear energy agency (BATAN) has made and devoted special

effor ts to build a nuclear science and technology (using three its Nuclear R esearch

Center) and to prepare highly competence personnel in preservation and enhancement of

nuclear knowledge towards Indonesia¶s plan to operate the f irst NPP by 2016.

Reference:

[1] United States Agency for International Development (USAID) ASIA. Indonesia Country Report. From

Ideas to Action : Clean Energy Solutions for Asia to Address Climate Change. June 2007.

[2] Sastratenaya, Achmad S. and Ar iyanto Sudi. Nuclear Energy Development in Indonesia. IAEA TC

workshop long range planning.Vienna, June 14-17, 2010.

[3] Soetr isnanto, Arnold. Status of Nuclear Power Development in Indonesia. Nuclear Power Asia Conference2010.

[4] Ardisasmita, M.S. Preservation and Enchancement of Nuclear Knowledge Towards Indonesia¶s Plan to

Operate First Nuclear Power Plant by 2016. National Nuclear Energy Agency. Jakar ta. 2006.

[5] Presentation on BATAN : National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Indonesia . RCAR O. December 2009.

[6] htt p://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/ publications/ PDF/cnpp2003/C NPP_Webpage/country-prof iles/Indonesia/

Indonesia2003.htm

Nuclear Energy in Indonesia

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