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Nuclear DesalinationFor Water Supply and

Electricity Generation.Presented By

Corp Members N.S.TDepartment

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Table of ContentsIntroduction.Diagram showing water distribution on earth.Desalination.Nuclear Desalination .

Classi cation of nuclear reactors for desalination.Requirements for nuclear reactor for Desalination.Nuclear Desalination Processes.Schematic Diagram Showing Plant for various ur oses.Schematic Diagram showing !"traction c#cle for a Dual ur ose lant .Safet# of nuclear Desalination lants.

Im ortance of nuclear Desalination.$dvantages of Nuclear Desalination over other t# es of desalination.Disadvantages of Nuclear Desalination.Im ortance of Nuclear Desalination to Nigeria.Conclusion.Refrecenses.

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Introduction%&ith the e'ort of I$!$ to encourage and romote the eacefuluse and a lication of Nuclear technolog# it came u with theidea of the use of nuclear !nerg# for &ater desalinationthrough researches.

The world is becoming increasingl# aware of critical limitationsin the availabilit# of fresh water and electricit#s for$gricultural( industrial and domestic uses( )ecause of growing

o ulation. The usable ortion of all water resources is onl# about

*+++++,m- of water which is less than / of all fresh waterand onl# +.+ / of all water on earth. $s such nucleardesalination is technicall# feasible ( economicall# viable and issustainable solution to meet the future water and electricit#needs.

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Diagram showing water Distribution on earth.

0rom world !nerg# council

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&hat is DesalinationDesalination generall# refers to an# of theseveral rocesses that remove some amountsalt and other minerals from saline water1&i,i edia2

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&hat is Nuclear

Desalination.Nuclear Desalination could be de ned to be the roduction ofortable water from sea water in a facilit# in which a nuclear

reactor is used as the source of energ# for the desalinationrocess.

3eanwhile there are other t# es of desalination technique(which include 1 2 Thermal rocess ( based on the utili4ation ofheat energ# for distillation 1also requiring some electrical energ#for the um s and other au"iliar# s#stems and1*2 3embranebased rocesses using onl# electrical 1or mechanical energ#2.

$mong the thermal rocess the most commonl# used are3S01multi e'ect Distillation2.va our com ression15C2 is adistillation rocess which uses electrical !nerg#.Reverse osmosis1R62 and !lectro Dial#sis1!D2 are membranebased rocess.

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C7$SSI0IC$TI6N 60 N8C7!$R

R!$CT6RS IN D!S$7IN$TI6N There are two basic classi cation of nuclearreactors in desalination (which are based onthere uses% 1i2 The# can be used for a Single

ur ose 1i e heat roduction for Desalination6R 1ii2 Dual ur ose 1generating electricit#and heat roduction2.

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Requirements for a nuclear reactor

for Desalination.It should be available in si4es of racticalinterest for both single ur ose and Dual

ur ose. The technolog# of the articular reactor t# eshould be well develo ed to guarantee safeand reliable o eration .

9igh availabilit#% This means the that thereactor should be ca able of o eratingcontinuousl# for long eriod without forcedoutages

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Nuclear Desalination Process.Se aration of water or salt from saline water is a thermod#namic

rocess requiring an in ut of nuclear energ# which also de end onthe t# e of desalination s#stem cou led to it.

The nuclear reactor su lies energ# to desalination s#stems eitherin the form of heat or of the mechanical :electrical energ#. It alsosu lies thermal energ# for desalination rocess.

There are two mode of cou ling of nuclear desalination lant whichare arallel and series mode.Desalination lants can be cou led as a single ur ose lant or a

cogeneration lant. In single ur ose energ# is used e"clusivel# fordesalination where the roduct out ut is ortable water( while indual ur ose lant energ# is used for desalting ie it roduces bothelectricit# and water simultaneousl#.

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Schematic Diagram showing Plants

for 5arious Pur oses.

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Schematic Diagramshowing !"traction C#cle 0or $ Dual Pur ose Plant

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Safet# of Nuclear Desalination

Plant. The safet# of nuclear desalination lantsde ends on the safet# of the nuclear lantsand the nature of its cou ling to thedesalination s#stems. The e"tent ofinteraction between the nuclear lants andthe desalination s#stem must be t

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Im ortance of Nuclear Desalination To obtain fresh water for industrial ( agriculturaland domestic uses in commercial quantit#.0or electricit# generation and ower su l#.Nuclear desalination is economicall# com etitiveas com ared to desalination b# the fossil !nerg#sources .Nuclear reactors rovide heat in a large range oftem eratures which allows eas# ada tation fordesalination ur oses.Nuclear desalination leads to huge infrastructuraldevelo ment and investment.

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It can also o'er em lo#ment o ortunities toviable Nigerian #ouths that are not em lo#ed.

It can romote training of brilliant graduatesto become e" erts as such becoming assetsto the countr#.

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$dvantages of Nuclear Desalination

over other T# esIt can erform dual function at a time b#roducing both ortable water and electricit#.

It can roduce large amount of heat enoughfor the desalination rocess.It can also be used for commercial ur osesto serve a lot of eo le.

It is cost e'ective es eciall# for dual ur oselant based on the nancial investment( fuelconsum tion and required ersonnel.

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Disadvantages of Nuclear

Desalination for Dual ur ose lant.7ess overall =e"ibilit#% its o eration ma# not be as=e"ible as a single ur ose lant( because there iseconomic ressure to ma"imi4e the combined

roduction of water and ower.Slightl# low availabilit# factor % $n# incidentinterru ting the out ut of one of the two roduct ma#lead to a disturbance or sto age in the roduction ofthe other( thus increasing the cost er unit roduct.6'> o timum site and timing% The o timal location andcommissioning date of the desalination lant. 0rom theas ects of water conve#ance( distribution and su l#ma# not coincide with those of the ower lant .

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Im ortance of Nuclear Desalination

to Nigeria. To obtain fresh water for industrial ($gricultural anddomestic uses in commercial quantit#.0or electricit# generation and su l#

Nuclear Desalination is economicall# com etitive ascom ared to desalination b# the fossil energ# sources.Nuclear desalination leads to huge infrastructuraldevelo ment and investment as such boosting the econom#of the countr# .

It can o'er em lo#ment to viable Nigerian #outh that arenot em lo#ed.It can romote training of brilliant graduates to becomee" erts as such becoming assets to the countr#.It can also be an o ortunit# of assing Nuclear energ# bill.

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ConclusionNuclear desalination is in fact a greata lication of Nuclear technolog# b#

roducing fresh water and electricit# throughcogeneration lant ( contributing to thedevelo ment and economic e" ansion of thecountr# there b# im roving life in our countr#.

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T9$N? @68 $77 06R 7IST!NINA

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RefrencesA. 5arella( $ dual Pur ose Plant using 0)NR.1varellaBorfeu.com.br 2International $tomic !nerg# agenc#( 5ienna(*+++.1Introduction of Nuclear Desalination aAuide )oo,. Technical as ects of Desalination Plants.

&i,i edia a free !nc#clo edia( $ccessed3arch *+ .1sources of vocabular#de nitions2.&orld !nerg# Council (&ater for !nerg# *+ +.

mailto:varella@orfeu.com.brmailto:varella@orfeu.com.br