the Current Situation in Poland

Grzegorz Wrochna

National Centre For Nuclear Research

g.wrochna@ncbj.gov.pl

Nuclear Cogeneration Industial Initiative

Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform

Presented by Janusz Malesa

National Centre for Nuclear Research

janusz.malesa@ncbj.gov.pl

Technical Meeting

to Examine the Techno-Economics of and Opportunities for Non-Electric Applications

of Small and Medium-Sized or Modular Reactors

IAEA, Vienna, 29-31 May 2017

1

Nuclear Cogeneration –

Polish Nuclear Power Programme provides an opportunity for the development of new technologies, through associated research and development projects. Two major goals of the projects:

• Addressing predicted needs of the economy • (eg. high temperature heat for industry).

• Development of competences, technologies and products • (eg. components and new types of reactors).

The more added value (intellectual property) generated by projects, the stronger boost for economy.

• Therefore, one needs to look for new technologies and new application areas.

2

Polish Nuclear Roadmap

3

Polish Nuclear Roadmap

• Electric power market dominated by large (~ 1000 MWe)

light water reactors (LWR).

• Intense competition in the market

• 5 suppliers declared their participation in the Polish tender

• China and Russia are active on other markets

• Heat market today 100% dominated by fossil fuels.

• Huge potential for nuclear reactors

• Currently addressed only in terms of LWR, i.e. T <250 ° C.

• District heating, desalination, ...

• Need for new technologies

• HTGR (High Temperature Gas Reactor) ~600°C

• VHTR (Very HTR), DFR (Dual Fluid Reactor) ~1000°C

• Coolant: Helium 700°C

• 2nd cuircut: steam 550°C

• typical for existing chemical installations

• TRISO fuel

• Leak tight to fission products > 1600°C

• Pebble-bed or prismatic core

• Intrinsic safety

• In case of accident, cools down

by conduction & radiative heat transfer

• No core damage, no exclusion zone

• Future: VHTR >1000°C

High T Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR)

Steam

Generators

Reactor

Circulator

TRISO

particle

Compact

Block

Core

Reactor

Primary system

(2 loops option)

UO2/PyC/SiC

HTGR deployment in Poland

Government on 14 February 2017 published „Strategy for responsible development”. - the governmental plan for Polish economy grow

List of energy actions contains: Preparation of HTR deployment for industrial heat production in cogeneration, using industrial & scientific potential of Poland. Support for Polish R&D on materials for gen.IV reactors.

Vice-ministers meetings:

• 5.2016 with Euratom-fission & NC2I

• 2016 with CEA (Frank Carré nominated HTR liaison by CEA)

• 3x2016, 5.2017 with UK DECC/BEIS

• 3.2016, 2.2017 with US DoE, NGNP IA, X-energy

HTGR deployment in Poland Minister of Energy on 13 July 2016 appointed „Committee for deployment of high temperature reactors”. Chairman: G.Wrochna

Terms of reference: • Analysis of Polish economy

needs & export potential

• Inventory of relevant design & manufacturing capabilities of Polish science & industry

• Cost estimate, business model, funding possibilities

• Analysis of legal framework

• Establishing international cooperation

Members from:

• Nuclear R&D: National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)

• Engineering: Energoprojekt, Prochem

• End-users: Azoty, Orlen, Enea, Tauron, KGHM

Associates: PAA (regulator), NCBR (R&D funding agency), PKO BP (bank)

Electricity

Process

heat

<250°C

250°C-

550°C

1000°C

LWR

HTGR

VHTR

/ DFR

design license construction

design license construction

design …

2015 2020 2025 2030

4x / 6x

1000-1600

MWe

150-350

MWth

300-1000

MWth

Nee

ds

of

Po

lish

eco

no

my

10 MWth

concept

Nuclear Roadmap of Poland

8

Investment project

Deployment project

Research project

• 13 largest chemical plants need 6500 MW of heat at T=400-550°C

• They use 200 TJ / year, equivalent to burning of >5 mln t of natural gas or oil

• Replacing by HTGR would reduce CO2 emission by 14-17 mln t / year

• 165 MWth reactor size fits all the needs

9

HTGR for Poland

Plant boilers MW

ZE PKN Orlen S.A.Płock 8 2140

Arcelor Mittal Poland S.A. 8 1273

Zakłady Azotowe "Puławy" S.A. 5 850

Zakłady Azotowe ANWIL SA 3 580

Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" S.A. 8 566

Energetyka Dwory 5 538

International Paper - Kwidzyn 5 538

Grupa LOTOS S.A. Gdańsk 4 518

ZAK S.A. Kędzierzyn 6 474

Zakl. Azotowe w Tarnowie Moscicach S.A. 4 430

MICHELIN POLSKA S.A. 9 384

PCC Rokita SA 7 368

MONDI ŚWIECIE S.A. 3 313

Feedback from industry

• Several sites use ~500°C steam networks

• Need to exchange old boilers with HTGR

• Electric island already there

• HTGR parameters matching standard boilers:

540°C, 13.4 MPa, 165 MWth, 230 t/h

• HTGR economy vs market size trade-off • Industry don’t want to exchange all boilers at once

• >200 MWth fits to only a few of sites in PL

• Small size fits all !

• 165 MWth poses economy challenge • 165 MWth cost ~ 50% of 650 MWth cost

• Need to optimise 165 MWth design • Vessel rolled in one piece & road transportable

• Preassembly in factory, …

• Smaller safety margins needed, …

• 165 MW or 2×83 or 3×55? …

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Optimum HTGR size

12

HTR business model considerations…

shareholders / subcontractors

owners (>50% of shares or a „golden share”)

ENGINEERING

PROCUREMENT

SPV

Owner

Operator CONSTRUCTION

companies

from the market

Firmy

chemiczne

- odbiorcy ciepła

Firmy

chemiczne

- odbiorcy ciepła

Firmy

chemiczne

- odbiorcy ciepła

Owner

Operator

CHEMICAL

COMPANIES,

etc

STATE?

CHEMICAL/ENERGY

COMPANIES?

CHEMICAL/ENERGY

COMPANIES?

NUCLEAR

COMPANIES

NUCLEAR

OPERATOR(S)

Owner

Operator

OWNER

OPERATOR

SPV’s

June:

• Report of HTR Committee

July:

• Minister’s decision to proceed

• Start negotiations with partners

October:

• Signing agreements

• Start of HTGR design

• GEMINI Plus Project • Research and Development in support of the GEMINI Initiative

• Horizon 2020 (Euratom fission 2016-2017)

• Research and Innovation action

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Towards 1st HTGR in Poland

Preparing the demo.: GEMINI+ Project ▶ Objective: to be ready for launching demo.

GEMINI+

Project

A design base

A licensing framework

A large industrial site

selected

A team trained for

demo.

Feasibility of demo. on

the selected site

The European legacy •The historical German HTGR programme •18 years of HTGR related projects (FP4-7)

•HTGR technology

•Understanding industry process heat needs

European partners • TSOs

• Nuclear industry

• Industrial end-users

• Research organisations

International partners • NGNP Industry Alliance

• JAEA

• KAERI

International partnership to support demo.

+ Innovation

INPUT

OUTPUT A business plan for the

demo.

Organisation Type of organisation Country

NCBJ Research organisation PL

AMEC FW Commercial in Confidence UK

AREVA-G Industry DE

BrivaTech SME DE

CVRez Research organisation CZ

Empresarios Agrupados Private Company ES

Energoprojekt-Warszawa SME PL

FORTUM Energy Utility FI

IRSN Research organisation FR

JAEA Research Organisation JP

JRC Research organisation NL

LEI Research organisation LT

LGI SME FR

NGNP Alliance Industry US

NRG Research organisation NL

PROCHEM Private Company PL

TUD University DE

TÛV-R Private Company DE

UJV Private company CZ

USNC-EU SME FR

KAERI Research organisation KR

AZOTY Private company PL

NAMRC/USFD University UK

NUCLIC SME NL

Baaten Energy Consulting SME NL

Ge

min

i+ c

on

sort

ium

16

WP1

Safety WP2

Design

WP4

Preparation of

demo.

WP6

Coordination

WP5

Comunicatiom

Preparing teams

WP3

Innovative

approaches

Safety requirements

Safety Options Report

Innovative features

Technical characteristics & economic data on the nuclear

cogen. system

Information of BAG

Recommendations of BAG

Information of SAG

Recommendations of SAG

A licensing

framework

• The configuration of the nuclear

cogeneration system with an

acceptable safety approach

• A possible site

• A business plan for

demonstration

• A team prepared for a

demonstration project

• Available technical

documents gathered for the

demo. project in a database

June 2017:

• Report of HTR Committee

July 2017:

• Minister’s decision to proceed

• Creation of HTR-EP company

• Start negotiations with partners

End of 2017:

• Signing agreements

• Feasibility study

2018-2022:

• HTGR design

2023-2031:

• FOAK licensing & construction 17

Towards 1st HTGR in Poland

National Centre for Nuclear

Research

Grzegorz Wrochna

www.ncbj.gov.pl

Reactor MARIA

30 MW, high n flux

National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland

A new technology

demonstrator

ww

w.n

c2

i.e

u

NC2I is one of SNETP’s strategic technological pillars, mandated to coordinate the

demonstration of high temperature nuclear cogeneration.

www.snetp.eu

Thank you for your attention

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