NTU workshop ”Japanese Businesses Culture”
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Transcript of NTU workshop ”Japanese Businesses Culture”
1
Workshop for NTU JAC Japanese Businesses Culture
21 September 2015
Michiaki Lee
Today’s Agenda
Japan Economy Snapshot – Global Expansion
Japanese Businesses in Singapore
Current Challenges of Japanese Corporations
Strengths & Weaknesses of Japanese Business Culture
Cross Cultural Understanding
How Young Business Professionals Grow in Japan
New Leadership - Emerging Entrepreneurial Business from Japan
2
3
Japan Economy Snapshot
– Global Expansion
Global Macro Economy
4
Japan is the 3rd largest country in GDP
Japanese Economy – Past Trend
5
Lost Decades Bubble Rising Sun
6
Rising Sun ~ “Bubble” Economy(Before 1990)
Rising Sun ~ “Bubble” Economy(Before 1990)
7
Success Factors
Growing Demands
– Population Increase / Wage Increase
People
– Highly Educated Workers / Team Work / Hard Work
– Diligence
Efficient Process
– High Security (Safest Country)
– Life-Time-Employment System
Highest Quality Products and Services
8
Global Companies Leaned from Japanese Method
5S
– Sorting (Seiri)
– Setting in Order (Seiton)
– Shining (Seiso)
– Standardize (Seiketsu)
– Sustain (Shitsuke)
Kaizen
– "improvement" or "change for the best"
Rising Sun ~ “Bubble” Economy(Before 1990)
Many Countries Learned from Japan
Management Style before 1990’s
Japanese “Legacy” Management Style
Life Time Employment
Seniority
Hard Work / Long Work
Well Organized Structure
Patience
9
Those Worked !
Bubble Collapse
What was Happening?
Speculative money
Real estate values were extremely over-valued
Large amount of loans
Large number of defaults
10
After the “Bubble” Economy (After 1990)
11
“Lost Decades”
Over Valued Assets (too much investment)
Over Capacity / Financial Deficit
Decreasing & Aging Population
Lower White-Color Productivity
Global Competition
Deflation, Minus GDP Growth,
Unemployment
Paradigm Change During the “Lost Decades”
12
Limited Japan Domestic Market Growth
Rapidly Growing Asian Markets
New Technology
Advanced Information and Communication Technology
Globalization
Low Cost Labors Outside
China and other Emerging Countries
Customer-Centric World
Consumers are more “Savvy”
“Hard” to “Soft”
“Product” to “Services”
Increasing Overseas Businesses
Overseas revenue share is increasing
13
Japan Bank for International Cooperation N=625
Overseas Revenue of Japanese Companies
Expanding in Asia Region
14
Number of Japanese companies increase
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Reasons of Global Expansion
15
Limited Japan domestic market growth
Maturity of domestic demands
Aging society and decreasing population
From “producing market” to “consuming market”
Low cost labors outside
Rapidly growing consumer markets in emerging countries
Borderless world
Advanced information and communication technology
16
Japanese Businesses
in Singapore
Why Singapore
English as a common language
Geographic advantage
Safety / Transparency
Talent acquisition
Showcase of other Asian markets
Tax incentives, etc
17
Strategic Focus on Singapore
18
Examples of “Singapore shift”
• Transferred metal resource trading HQ from Japan to Singapore
• Moved the headquarters of its procurement and logistics
operations from Osaka to Singapore
• Developed “SONY University” in Singapore
Variety of Industries
19
Many consumer goods & services
20
Current Challenges of Japanese
Corporations
10 Issues of Japanese Companies in Asia
21
1. Wage increase (71%)
2. Competitors’ market shares are growing (53%)
3. Skills and mindsets of employees (53%)
4. Quality of employees (47%)
5. Quality control (45%)
6. Difficulty of procurement (43%)
7. Difficulty in hiring future leaders (42%)
8. Price competition (40%)
9. Increasing material costs (40%)
10. No more room for cost cutting(40%)
JETRO Survey of Japanese-Affiliated Companies in Asia and Oceania
Challenges of Japanese Companies
22
Lack of diversity
Many top managers are internally promoted
Still few foreign talents – Lack of outsider viewpoints
Confidence in high quality
Consumers may not need the “Highest Quality”
Too big to rapid change
Conservative and careful decision making process
Different HRM concepts
“Lifetime employment” “Seniority based management”
23
Strengths & Weaknesses of
Japanese Business Culture
Fact - Students’ Voice (2014)
24
Most respectable Japanese company
N=74
Fact - Students’ Voice (2014)
25
Strengths of Japanese companies
N=72
Fact - Students’ Voice (2014)
26
Weaknesses of Japanese companies
N=75
27
Cross Cultural Understanding
Difference of Diversity
28
Singapore Japan
What does it mean? And why?
What is Culture ?
29
“Software of the Mind”
(Geert Hofstede)
Cultural Iceberg
30
Agricultural Society
31
Population: 126 million
Life expectancy: 83
Birth rate: 1.4
Mountain area: 73%
4 Seasons
Climate Change (from 0 to 35)
Agricultural Society
32
What are their behavioral norms?
Hierarchy
Group Orientation
Managing Uncertainty
Long Term Orientation
Hierarchy
33
Respect Seniors
People care age and position
(Business cards, seating arrangement, etc)
Saving Face
Multi layer decision making
Customer vs. Supplier Relationship
(Customer is God)
Group Orientation
34
In the Japanese society, individual identities usually
derived from groups where they belong to (family, school,
company)
Companies think employees as “Family”
“Lifetime employment”
Most employees don’t choose job assignments
“Keiretsu” (Treat group companies first)
Group Orientation
35
• Set group goals
• Hold regular morning
meeting to share same
information
Examples
• Mutual support
sometimes across job
scopes
• Interim sharing
• Team-bonding activities
• Share results together
• Rewards not only for
individual results, but
also team efforts
Goal Setting Business
Process Group Outcome
Group Orientation
36
What does it mean?
cd
cd
cd
Western Countries Japan
Managing Uncertainty
37
How do the Japanese prepare for uncertainties?
Managing Uncertainty
38
Japanese managers usually requires detailed plans and
analysis before starting new initiatives
When they collect information, they need it accurate,
updated, and “no-error”. They sometimes need “nice to
have information “ for “back up data”
They are likely to have more meetings to make multiple
consensus with stakeholders to avoid conflicts/objections
When proceeding project works, managers usually
expect “interim update” to make sure that the project is
“on track”
Long Term Orientation
39
The first meeting may focus on establishing an
atmosphere of friendliness, harmony and trust. Allow a
few minutes of polite conversation before beginning
business meetings
It may take several meetings to develop mutual trust.
However, if once they get closer each other, they feel
more comfortable to talk and things are likely to move
smoothly
Case Studies
40
Case 1
Okada-san, an insurance planner, visited his prospective client
and introduced himself. During the meeting, they talked about
general topics but not related to anything about the insurance
products. Okada-san left from the meeting feeling very
satisfied.
Why do you think he felt that way?
Case Studies
41
Case 2
Both Sato-san (Mitsubishi Corp) and Tanaka-san (Sumitomo
Corp) like drinking beer. During a dinner, Sato-san ordered 2
bottles of Kirin beer and offered 1 to Tanaka-san. However,
Tanaka-san rejected it and ordered Asahi Beer.
What is happening?
High Context Communication
42
Indirect Communication
Many ambiguities
Indirect feedback
Avoiding confrontation
Read Atmosphere
Important decisions are sometimes made at informal
places
43
How Young Business Professionals
Grow in Japan
Education System
44
What are the differences?
Primary School
Secondary School
High School
University
6 years
3 years
3 years
2-4 years
Professional Career
Institute
45
Japanese children are taught to act harmoniously and
cooperatively with others from the time they go to pre-
school.
The Japanese educational system emphasizes the
interdependence of all people, and Japanese children are
not raised to be independent but rather to work together.
Education System
Student Life
46
What are differences?
Study
Zemi (Study Group)
Bukatsu / Circle (Extracurricular activities)
Baito (Part time job)
Party
Singapore – Job Hunting Criteria
47
N=66 (Multiple)
Japan - Job Hunting Criteria
48
DISCO (Multiple)
Singapore - Leading Employers
49
Singapore's 100 Leading Graduate Employers (2014)
Company Industry
1 PwC Accounting & Financial Management, Consulting
2 EY (Ernst & Young) Accounting & Financial Management, Consulting
3 DBS Bank Banking & Financial Services
4 KPMG Accounting & Financial Management, Consulting
5 Singapore Airlines Logistics, Transport, & Supply Chain
6 Citi Singapore Banking & Financial Services
7 Microsoft IT and Technology
8 Ministry of Education Public Sector
9 Deloitte Accounting & Financial Management, Consulting
10 J.P.Morgan Banking & Financial Services
singapores100.com
Japan - Leading Employers
50
Popular employers in Japan (2014)
Company Industry
1 Sumitomo Corporation Trading
2 Mitsubishi Corporation Trading
3 Itochu Trading
4 BTMU Banking & Financial Services
5 Marubeni Trading
6 Tokio Marine Insurance
7 Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Banking & Financial Services
8 SMBC Banking & Financial Services
9 Mizuho Bank Banking & Financial Services
10 Mitsui & Co. Trading
Diamond
Specialist vs Generalist ?
51
“T Shaped Career”
Marketing Sales IT Finance Operation
Job Scope
Specialty
Example
52
New Leadership in Japan
Emerging Japanese Businesses - Cases
53
UNIQLO (Fast Retailing)
54
Overview
• Fashion Retailer (6.2% of Japanese Market)
• Revenue USD11.5 Billion (37% outside Japan)
• 2,753 Outlets
Source: Website, 1USD=120JPY
UNIQLO – Success Factors
55
Strong Commitment to Globalize
Rapid Decision Making / Strong Execution
Local Talent Management
Risk Taking – “Willingness to Fail” to Learn
Learn from Other Players
Higher Performer, Higher Rewards
56
Overview
• Internet Commerce Platform
“Online Shopping Mall”
• Revenue USD5.0 Billion
• 98 Million Users
• 41,442 Merchants
• Portfolio
• Bank, Security Broker, Travel Agent,
Payment, Baseball Team
Source: Website, 1USD=120JPY
- Success Factors
57
Technology
M&A, Diversification
Speed
Consumer Reach
Win + Win + Win
(Rakuten + Consumers + Merchants)
Commit to Globalize (“No more Japanese company”)
• English as the primary language
Summary
Core values of Japanese business are universal & essential (Quality, Service, Diligence, Integrity, Hospitality, etc)
Although big Japanese companies are slow to change, they commit to develop young high potential talents for longer term perspectives
New entrepreneurial companies don’t stick to old legacies
Japanese companies definitely need foreign talents (non-Japanese) to drive global business in future
Generalist career might be one option to explore career of future senior management
Important thing is to keep upgrading your skills as well as widening your sights (external focus) , and always understand your fair values
58
Michiaki Lee
李 道明
In Singapore and Japan, Michiaki Lee designs and provides corporate trainings to multinational companies.
Prior to that, he has worked as a trading specialist at Citibank Japan and a strategy consultant at PwC Japan, and has also managed several startup companies.
He graduated from Keio University and has an MBA from Babson College
F.W. Olin Graduate School of Business.
He teaches at NUS and University of Newcastle as a guest lecturer.
He is a native speaker in Japanese.
Email:
[email protected] / [email protected]
Feel free to connect
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