NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
Transcript of NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
1/54
NTPC - FGUTPP
MAY-JUNE
2011Vocational Training Report
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
2/54
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am very grateful and thankful to all those who were a
part of this project and helped me towards its smooth and
efficient completion. I feel especially thankful to Mr.Munish Jauhari,
Mr.A.K.Sharma, Mr.M.Z.A.Siddique,Mr. Umashankar, Mr.Rakesh Kumar, Mr.
Sameer Kashyap,Mr.Ranjeet, Mr. J.K. Sahu, Mr. K.M. Gupta, Mr. D.D. Singh,
Mr. K.K. Singh and Mr. Sanjeet to name a f ew for their helpful contribution and
knowledge w ithout which m y project would not be a reality.
ii
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
3/54
INDEX
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………….ii
List of figures………………………………………………………………………………………vi
List of tables………………………………………………………………………………………vii
I. About the
company……………………………………………………….............1
A. Corporate Vision……………………………………………………………..1
B. Core Va ues…………………………………………………………………..1
C. !"o ution o# NTPC…………………………………………………………..$
%. NTPC Group…………………………………………………………………&II. Intro'uction to
FGUTPP…………………………………………………………(
A. )ocation………………………………………………………………………(
B. *a+or *i estones……………………………………………………………..(
C. Insta e' capacity……………………………………………………………..(
%. Pro'uction Inputs…………………………………………………………….(
!. ,e uirements…………………………………………………………………F. Cost o# Generation……………………………………………………………
G. !n"ironmenta aspects………………………………………………………
/. )ayout………………………………………………………………………..
I. Various Cyc es in the p ant………………………………………………….0
i. Coa
cyc e………………………………………………………………...0
ii. ater
cyc e……………………………………………………………….2
iii. 3team
cyc e………………………………………………………………2
III. 34itchyar'……………………………………………………………………
…..5
A. Circuit Brea6er…………………………………………………………...5
B. )i7htenin7 Arrester……………………………………………………...11
C. !arthin7 34itch…………………………………………………………18
iii
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
4/54
%. Bus Bar………………………………………………………………….1$
!. Capacitor Vo ta7e Trans#ormer…………………………………………1$
F. a"e Trap……………………………………………………………….1&
G. P)CC…………………………………………………………………….1&
/. Current Trans#ormer…………………………………………………….1&
I. Iso ator…………………………………………………………………..1&
9. Bay………………………………………………………………………1(
IV. Generator……………………………………………………………………….
.12
A. *ain Components…………………………………………………………..12
B. !:citation system……………………………………………………………15
C. Generator protection………………………………………………………..15
%. Generator coo in7 system…………………………………………………..8;
!. Coo on7 speci#ications o# turbo7enerators…………………………………81
V. Trans#ormers…………………………………………………………………
….88
A. Trans#ormer accessories…………………………………………………….88
B. Coo in7 o# trans#ormers…………………………………………………….8$
C. *ain trans#ormers…………………………………………………………..8(
i. Generator trans#ormers…………………………………………………
8(
ii. 3tation
trans#ormers…………………………………………………….8(
iii. Unit au:i iary
trans#ormers……………………………………………..8(
i". Neutra Groun'in7
Trans#ormer………………………………………..8(
VI. %C
system………………………………………………………………………80
A. ,e uirement o# %C system…………………………………………………80
B. %escription o# battery……………………………………………………….80
C. Battery Char7er……………………………………………………………..80
%. Capacity test o# battery……………………………………………………..82
iv
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
5/54
VII. 34itch7ear…………………………………………………………………..85
A. ).T. s4itch7ear……………………………………………………………..85
B. /.T. s4itch7ear……………………………………………………………...$;
VIII. Boi er………………………………………………………………………..$8
I
………………………………………………...$&
A. or6in7 princip e…………………………………………………………..$&
B. %escription………………………………………………………………….$&
C. Parts o# !3P…………………………………………………………………$&
%. ! ectrica scheme o# !3P……………………………………………………$
!. Variab e #re uency 'ri"e…………………………………………………….$
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
6/54
i:. Primary
crusher…………………………………………………………&$
:. 3econ'ary
crusher………………………………………………………&$
:i. Cross be t ma7netic
separator…………………………………………..&$
:ii. *eta
'etector…………………………………………………………..&$
:iii. 3tac6er rec aimer……………………………………………………&&
:i". Trans#er to4ers……………………………………………………..&(
:". Tipper…………………………………………………………………
…&(
:"i. Bun6er……………………………………………………………….&(
F. 3ome 3pecia motors o# C/P……………………………………………….&(
G. Po4er an' %istribution %ia7ram o# C/P………………………………….&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
7/54
Fi7ure 5 @ 3in7 e ine 'ia7ram o# s4itchyar' 10
Fi7ure 1; @ ! ectrica 3ystem ayout o# sta7e III $1
Fi7ure 11 @ ater tube Boi er 3chematic )ayout $$
Fi7ure 18 @ 3chematic %ia7ram o# !3P $(
Fi7ure 1$ @ ! ectrica scheme o# VF% $0
Fi7ure 1& @ T4o channe arran7ement o# synchronous motor $0
Fi7ure 1( @ For4ar' Con"eyor &8
Fi7ure 1 @ ,eturn Con"eyor &8
Fi7ure 10 @ Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e I &
Fi7ure 12 - Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e II &0
LIST OF TABLES Pg No.
Tab e I @ 3peci#ications o# Circuit Brea6ers 11
Tab e II @ 3peci#ications o# earthin7 s4itch 18
Tab e III @ 3peci#ications o# Turbo 7enerators 15
Tab e IV @ 3peci#ications o# GTs 8(
Tab e V @ 3peci#ications o# 3Ts 8
Tab e VI @ 3peci#ications o# UATs 8
Tab e VII @ 3peci#ication o# NGT 8
Tab e VIII @ 3peci#ication o# 3ynchronous *otor $2
vii
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
8/54
I. ABOUT THE COMPANY
A. Corporate Vision:
“A world class integrated power major, powering India’s growth, with increasing global
presence
B. Core Values:
B- Business !thics
C-Customer Focus
O- r7ani ationa Pro#essiona pri'e
M- *utua ,espect an' Trust
I- Inno"ation 3pee'
T-Tota ua ity #or !:ce ence
NTPC )imite' is the ar7est therma po4er 7eneratin7 company o# In'ia. A pub ic sector
companyD it 4as incorporate' in the year 150( to acce erate po4er 'e"e opment in the
country as a 4ho y o4ne' company o# the Go"ernment o# In'ia. At presentD
Go"ernment o# In'ia ho 's 25.(E o# the tota e uity shares o# the company an' the
ba ance 1;.(E is he ' by FIIsD %omestic Ban6sD Pub ic an' others. ithin a span o# $1
yearsD NTPC has emer7e' as a tru y nationa po4er companyD 4ith po4er 7eneratin7
#aci ities in a the ma+or re7ions o# the country.
Figure 1. NTPC 7eneration 7ro4th
1
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
9/54
NTPC s core business is en7ineerin7D construction an' operation o# po4er
7eneratin7 p ants. It a so pro"i'es consu tancy in the area o# po4er p ant constructions
an' po4er 7eneration to companies in In'ia an' abroa'. As on 'ate the insta e' capacity
o# NTPC is 80D5;& * throu7h its 1( coa base' =88D25( * >D 0 7as base' =$D5((
* > an' & 9oint Venture Pro+ects =1D;(& * >. NTPC ac uire' (;E e uity o# the 3AI)
Po4er 3upp y Corporation )t'. =3P3C)>. This 9V company operates the capti"e po4er
p ants o# %ur7apur =18; * >D ,our6e a =18; * > an' Bhi ai =0& * >. NTPC a so has
82.$$E sta6e in ,atna7iri Gas Po4er Pri"ate )imite' =,GPP)> a +oint "enture
company bet4een NTPCD GAI)D In'ian Financia Institutions an' *aharashtra 3!B
/o 'in7 Co. )t'.
NTPC s share on $1 *ar 8;;0 in the tota insta e' capacity o# the country 4as8;.12E an' it contribute' 82.(;E o# the tota po4er 7eneration o# the country 'urin7
8;; -;0.
Figure . NTPC in po4er sector
2
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
10/54
C. E!olution o" NTPC
NTPC 4as set up in 150( 4ith 1;;E o4nership by theGo"ernment o# In'ia. In the ast $; yearsD NTPC has 7ro4n
into the ar7est po4er uti ity in In'ia.
In 1550D Go"ernment o# In'ia 7rante' NTPC status o#
Na"ratna bein7 one o# the nine +e4e s o# In'iaD enhancin7 the
po4ers to the Boar' o# %irectors.
NTPC became a iste' company 4ith ma+ority Go"ernment
o4nership o# 25.(E. NTPC becomes thir' ar7est by *ar6et
Capita isation o# iste' companies
The company rechristene' as NTPC )imite' in ine 4ith its
chan7in7 business port#o io an' trans#orm itse # #rom a therma
po4er uti ity to an inte7rate' po4er uti ity.
NTPC )t'. /as 7rante' o# *aharatna status by Go"t. o# In'ia.
NTPC )t'. /as been ran6e' 0 th 7reat p ace to 4or6 in In'ia by
The 7reat p aces to 4or6 institute IN%IA an' The !conomic
times.
#. NTPC $roup
1975
1997
2005 TAB%E IV
3peci#ications o# TurboGeneratorso# sta7e I.
=7en1D 7en8>
&VAP"'tatorVoltage (V)'tatorCurrent(A)*otor Voltage(V)*otorCurrent(A)*p+H,P-aseCoolant 8&0;;;;.2(1(0(;5;(;$1;8
;;$;;;(;$ ater=stator>hy'ro7en =rotor>
2004
2010 TAB%E IV
3peci#ications o# TurboGeneratorso# sta7e I.
=7en1D 7en8>
&VAP"'tatorVoltage (V)'tatorCurrent(A)*otor Voltage(V)*otorCurrent(A)*p+H,P-aseCoolant 8&0;;;;.2(1(0(;5;(;$1;8
3
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
11/54
NTPC %i+ite
'u/si iaries
0oint Ventures
Figure . NTPC Group
II. INT*O#UCTION TO NTPC FE*O2 $AN#HI UNCHAHA*
THE*MA% PO3E* P*O0ECT (F$UTPP)
A. %o4ation
)ocate' on )uc6no4 A ahaba' state hi7h4ay
• $( Hm #rom ,aebare i
• 2; Hm #rom A ahaba'
•
18; Hm #rom )uc6no4
NTPC VidyutVyaparNigamLimited100%
NTPCElectricSupply
Co Limited100%
!anti "i#lee$tpadan
NigamLimited
& '(%
NTPC )ydroLimited100%
Na*inagar Po+er,enerati
ngCompan
y PvtLimited-"./NTPCEnergy
Sy temLimited
NTPC/l tom
Po+erService
PvtLimited-
$tilityPo+ertecLtd $PL4
'0%
TEL!-5CVPL6NPEL
&& (%
NTPC/S 5L
Po+erCompan
y PvtLimited
'0%NTPC/S 5L
Po+erCompan
y PvtLimited
'0
Ratnagiri,a 7Po+erPrivate
Ltd28 '%
9e#a $r#a
NigamPrivateLimited
'0%
NTPC Tamilnad
uEnergy
CoLimited
'0%
ravali
Po+erCo PvtLtd '0%
NTPC/")ELPo+er
Pro#ectPvt
Limited-PTC
5ndiaLimited
:%
s a orhy'ro7en =rotor>
&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
12/54
B. Ma5or Milestones• ur ate Prime *inister 3mt. In'ira Gan'hi ai' 'o4n the #oun'ation stone on
80T/
9une 1521.• First t4o units o# 81;* 4ere commissione' on 81 st No"emberD 1522 an'
88 n' *archD 1525 by U.P. ,a+ya Vi'yut Utpa'an Ni7am.
• Unchahar pro+ect 4as ta6en o"er by NTPC #rom UP3!B on 1$ th FebD1558
• A#ter ta6e o"er o# FGUTPP #rom UP,VUN to NTPCD unit-$ unit-& 4ere
commissione' on 80 th 9anuaryD 1555 an' 88 n' ctoberD 1555
• No4 thir' sta7e =unit-(> is o# 1< 81; * .
C. Installe Capa4it6
3ta7e I 8 < 81; *
3ta7e II 8 < 81; *
3ta7e III 81; *
#. Pro u4tion Inputs
a. Coal 'our4e
• Centra Coa #ie 's )t'. = CC)>
• Bharat Coo6in7 Coa )t'. =BCC)>
/. 3ater 'our4e
• 3hara'a 3ahaya6 Cana =main>
• %a mau Pump Cana = #rom ri"er Gan7a>
E. *e7uire+ents• Coa @ 1&; tonnes J hr J unit
• ater @ 0;; tonnesJ hr J unit
F. Cost o" $eneration
,s. 8.&; J H4h
$. En!iron+ental Aspe4ts
'
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
13/54
• Water Polluto - !## uents #rom therma 'ischar7es #rom con'enserD4astes
#rom coa han' in7 p antD ser"ice areasDoi D %* p antD sanitary 4aste an'
e## uents #rom ash pon' 4i be neutra i e' be#ore bein7 'ischar7e'.
•
A!r Pollut!o - Particu ate emission 4i be imite' to 1(; m7JNm$
byinsta in7 hi7h e##iciency !3Ps.
H. %a6out
The main pro+ect consist o# #o o4in7 areas K
• *ain p ant area consistin7 o# chimneyD!3PDBoi erD Contro roomD turbineD
7eneratorD trans#ormers an' s4itchyar'
• Ash han' in7 p ant consistin7 o# ash han' in7 pump houseD ash han' in7compressor houseD contro roomD pipe ine corri'or an' ash pon's
• Coa han' in7 P ant consistin7 o# trac6 hopperDprimary coa yar'D primary
crusherD secon'ary crusherD secon'ary coa yar'D stac6er rec aimerD 4a7on
tripp er an' connecte' con"eyors.
• Circu atin7 4ater system consistin7 o# C pumpsDassociate' pipe ines an'
coo in7 to4ers.
• ater treatment p ant consistin7 o# ch orination p antD pre-treatment p ant an'
%e-minera i e' 4ater treatment p ant.
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
14/54
Figure 8. Unit o"er"ie4
I. Various C64les In T-e T-er+al Plant
!. Coal C"#le
C./.P P ant L Bun6er L,.C Fee'er L pu "eri e mi L Boi er section
!.". #eeder -It is in'uction motor 'ri"en 'e"iceD 4hich 'etermine the Muantity o# coa
enter in to pu "eri e mi .
$ulveri%e mill - Pu "eri ation means e:posin7 ar7e sur#ace area to the action o# o:y7en.
T4o types o# mi are use' in the p ant.• &all mill - A ba mi operates norma y un'er suction. A ar7e 'rum part y #i e'
4ith stee ba sD is use' in this mi . The 'rum is rotate' s o4 y 4hi e coa is #e' in to
it. The ba pu "eri es the coa by crushin7. This type o# mi is use' in sta7e -1.
• "ontact mill - This mi uses impact princip e. A the 7rin'in7 e ements an' the
primary air #an is mounte' on a sin7 e sha#t. The # o4 o# air carries coa to the
primary sta7e 4here it is re'uce' to a #ine 7ranu ar state by impact 4ith a series o#
hammers. This type o# mi is use' in sta7e-8.
(
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
15/54
!!. Water C"#le
%.*. P ant L /ot e L C.!.P. Pump L )o4 Pressure heater 1D8D$L%erater L
Boi er Fee' pump L /i7h pressure /eater (D L Fee' ,e7u atin7 station !conomi er
L Boi er %rum.
'erater - Fee' stora7e tan6 o# 4ater. To pro'uce su##icient pressure be#ore
#ee'in7 to B.F.P. Fi ter the harm#u chemica s.
#eed !egulating (tation ) Contro the uantity o# 4ater in to boi er 'rum.
*conomiser ) F ue 7ases comin7 out o# the boi ers carry ot o# heat. An
economi er e:tracts a part o# this heat #rom the # ue 7ases an' uses it #or heat
the #ee' 4ater.
'rafts (+stem 9 In #orce' 'ra#t system the #an is insta e' near the base o# the boi er #urnace. This #an #orces air throu7h the #urnaceD economi erD air preheater
an' chimney.In an in'uce' 'ra#t systemD the #an is insta e' near the base o#
Chimney.
!!!. Stea$ C"#le
Boi er 'rums L ,in7 /ea'er L Boi er %rum =3team chamber> L 3uper /eater L /.P.
Turbine L ,eheater L I. P. Turbine L ).P. Turbine
&oiler 'rum ) Boi er 'rum consist t4o chamber 4ater chambersD steam
chamber.Be#ore enterin7 in super heater the steam is 7oin7 in to boi er 'rumD
4here the boi er 'rum #i tere' the moisture an' store' in to 4ater chamber.
(uper eater ) The #unction o# super heater is to remo"e the ast traces o#
moisture #rom the saturate' steam ea"in7 the 4ater tube boi er. The temperature
is appro: ($; C.
-urbine ) 3team turbine con"erts the heat ener7y in to mechanica ener7y an'
'ri"es on initia an' #ina heat content o# the steam. Turbine ha"in7 number o#
sta7e in 4hich the pressure 'rops ta6es p ace.
Figure . 3team # o4
:
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
16/54
III. '3ITCHYA*#
The s4itch yar' is the p aces #rom 4here the e ectricity is sen' outsi'e. e 6no4 that
e ectrica ener7y can t be store' i6e ce sD so 4hat 4e 7enerate shou ' be consume'
instantaneous y. But as the oa' is not constants there#ore 4e 7enerate e ectricity
accor'in7 to nee' i.e. the 7eneration 'epen's upon oa'. It has both out'oor an' in'oor
e uipments.
1. Out oor E7uip+ents•
Bus Bar • )i7htenin7 Arrester
• a"e Trap
• Brea6er
• Capacitor Vo ta7e Trans#ormer
• !arthin7 ,o'
• Current Trans#ormer
• Potentia Trans#ormer
• Iso ators
• P)CC
. In oor E7uip+ents
• ,e ays
• Contro Pane s
A. Cir4uit Brea;er:
The co'e #or circuit brea6er is (8. An e ectric po4er system nee's some #orm o#
s4itch7ear in or'er to operate it sa#e y e##icient y un'er both norma an' abnorma
con'itions.
8
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
17/54
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
18/54
Figure C
220 V >C
!g-cm 2/g 20BC4
3800 !g
21 !g
&0 @ 3 ec
'
1' @g-cm 2 /g
&0 @
10'0 !V pea@4
B. %ig-tening Arrester
These are pro"i'e' to combat the e##ect o# o"er "o ta7es an' sur7es cause' 'ue to
i7htin7 stro6es on the transmission ines. These are 7enera y pro"i'e' at the en' near
the instrument 4hich 4e 4ant to protect. The i7htenin7 arrestors pro"i'e an easy path to
the sur7e current to the 7roun' thereby not ettin7 the e uipments to #ai .
It sa"es the trans#ormer an' reactor #rom o"er "o ta7e an' o"er currents. e ha"e
to use the i7htnin7 arrester both in primary an' secon'ary o# trans#ormer an' in reactors.
11
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
19/54
It has a roun' meta cap type structure on the top ca e' C , NA ,INGD meant
#or pro"i'in7 corona osses.
A meter is pro"i'e' 4hich in'icates the sur#ace ea6a7e an' interna 7ra'in7 current
o# arrester.
• $reen = arrester is -ealt-6
• *e = arrester is e"e4ti!e.
In case o# re' 4e #irst 'e-ener7i e the arrester an' then 'o the operation.
Figure >. )i7htenin7 Arrester
C. Air Brea; Eart-ing '?it4-
These are use' to 7roun' the circuit an' to 'ischar7e the CB 4hen CB is in o## con'ition.
The co'e o# earth in7 s4itch is (D D 0.The 4or6 o# this e uipment comes into picture
4hen 4e 4ant to shut 'o4n the supp y #or maintenance purpose. This he p to neutra i e
the system #rom in'uce' "o ta7e #rom e:tra hi7h "o ta7e. This in'uce' po4er is up to
8HV in case o# &;; HV ines.
TAB%E IIThe speci#ication o# earthin7 s4itch
Ma;e Type Vo ta7e Current *otor "o t=ac>
Contro "o t
='c>
' @ '
po?er
*a'ras 8&( 6" 1; 6A &1( "o ts 88; "o ts
12
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
20/54
#. Bus Bar
There are three buses "i . t4o main buses = bus 1 an' bus 8 > an' one trans#er bus. The
t4o main buses are #urther 'i"i'e' into t4o sections thus 7i"in7 us a tota o# #i"e buses.
Bus bars 7enera y are o# hi7h con'ucti"e a uminum con#ormin7 to I3-(;28 or copper o# a'e uate cross section .Bus bar ocate' in air @insu ate' enc osures
se7re7ate' #rom a other components .Bus bar is pre#erab y co"er 4ith po yurethane.
E. Capa4itor Voltage Trans"or+er (CVT)
It is use' #or three purposes K
• *eterin7
• Protection
• P)CC
The carrier current e uipment can be connecte' "ia the capacitor o# CVT. Thereby
there is no nee' o# separate coup in7 capacitor. The reactor connecte' in series 4ith the
bur'en is a'+uste' to such a "a ue that at supp y #re uency it resonates 4ith the sum o#
t4o capacitors. This e iminates the error. CVT is attache' at en' o# each transmissionD
ine an' buses.
The c"t is use' #or ine "o ta7e measurements on oa'e' con'itions. The basic
construction o# a c"t is as #o o4s. !ach CVT consists o# a coup in7 capacitor =CC>
4hich acts as a "o ta7e 'ri"er an' an ! ectro *a7netic Unit =!*U> 4hich trans#orms the
hi7h "o ta7e to stan'ar' o4 "o ta7e. %epen'in7 on the system "o ta7e the CC can be a
sin7 e or a mu ti stac6 unit. 8&( 6V &8;6V CVTs no norma y comprise o# 8 units. The
CC an' the !*U are in'i"i'ua y hermetica y sea e' to ensure accurate per#ormance
an' hi7h re iabi ity.
Figure . Capacitor Vo ta7e Trans#ormer
13
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
21/54
The main points o# 'i##erence bet4een a c"t an' a potentia trans#ormer is that in
a PT #u ine "o ta7e is impresse' upon the trans#ormer 4hi e in c"t ine "o ta7e a#ter
stan'ar' re'uction is app ie' to the trans#ormer.
F. 3a!e Trap
It is use' in P)CC system to trap #re uency hi7her than (; / . It is i7ht y in'ucti"e
ha"in7 "ery ess resistance. It is attache' at each en' o# transmission ine. It is o#
cy in'rica shape mounte' on top o# the transmission ine.
$. P%CC ( Po?er %ine Carrier Co++uni4ation)
In a''ition to po4er supp y trans#erD transmission ine is a so use' #or communication
purpose. This is 'one by P)CC system. /ere ine con'uctors itse # are use' as channe#or carryin7 in#ormation bet4een t4o en' o# ine.
The P)CC system is use' to trap the #re uency hi7her than (; / throu7h hi7h
in'uctance an' o4 resistance a on7 4ith a coup in7 capacitor. The main components o#
P)CC are K-
• a"e trap
• Co-a:ia cab e
• CVT• P)CC cabinet
• )*U = )ine matchin7 Unit>
H. Current Trans"or+er (CT)
These are use' #or steppin7 'o4n AC current #rom hi7her "a ue to o4er "a ue #or
measurementD protection an' contro . /ere N 8 7as is use' to pre"ent oi #rom moisture.
Its secon'ary 4in'in7 has ( cores.Termina 1D8D&D( @ protection
$ - meterin7
Turns ratio - 2;;J1
I. Isolator
The iso ators can be thou7ht o# s4itches that can either ma6e or brea6 the circuit at the
operator s 4ish. The 'i##erence o# an iso ator #rom a circuit brea6er can be rea i e' #rom
1&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
22/54
the #act that a circuit brea6er s ma6in7 or brea6in7 o# a circuit 'epen's upon certain
pre'e#ine' con'itions 4hi e that o# the iso ator 'ictates no con'ition.
It is use' as o## ine ine circuit brea6er. It is norma y use' #or purpose o# iso atin7 a
certain portion 4hen re uire' #or maintenance. It operates at 8;;; A . In s4itchyar'
there are $ types o# iso ators K
• )ine iso ator
• Trans#er bus iso ator
• Bus iso ator
'e7uen4e o" operation ?-ile opening 4losing a 4ir4uit :hi e openin7 K open circuit brea6er open iso ator c ose earthin7 s4itch =i# any >
hi e c osin7 K ensure ciruit brea6er is open c ose iso ator open earthin7 s4itch
c ose circuit brea6er.
0. Ba6
3ystem componenets connecte' in a se uence constitute a bay.
The tota number o# bays is 88. ut o# 4hich $ are spare bays.
Bay 1 8(; *VA 1(.0(J8&8 6V Generator trans#ormer @ 1
Bay 8 3pare &; *VA 88;J0.1 6V 3tation Trans#ormer- $
Bay $ &; *VA 88;J0.1 HV 3tation Trans#ormer - 1
Bay & &; *VA 88;J0.1 HV 3tation Trans#ormer - 8
Bay 8(; *VA 1(.0(J8&8 HV Generator Trans#ormer -8
Bay 0 88; H" =Chin hut> )uc6 no4 Fee'er - 1
Bay 2 88; HV )uc6 no4 Fee'er -8
Bay 5 Bus coup ets 88; HV
Bay 1; 88; HV Fate#u Fee'er - 1
Bay 11 88; HV Fate#u Fee'er - 8
Bay 18 88; HV by Pass Brea6er
Bay 1$ 81; * Generators -$
Bay 1& &; *VA 88;J .5 HV 3tation Trans#ormer - $
Bay 1 81; *4 Generators - $
Bay 10 88; HV Trans#er Bus Coup er- 8
1'
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
23/54
Bay 15 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - 1
Bay 8; 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - 8
Bay 81 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - $
Bay 88 88; HV Hanpur Fee'ers - &
1
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
24/54
Figure . 3in7 e ine 'ia7ram o# 34itchyar'
1(
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
25/54
IV. $ENE*ATO*
The trans#ormation o# mechanica ener7y into e ectrica ener7y is carrie' out by the
7enerator. The 7enerator a so ca e' the a ternator is base' upon the princip e o#
e ectroma7netic in'uction. The stator houses the armature 4in'in7s an' the rotor houses
the #ie ' 4in'in7s. The a ternator is a 'oub y e:cite' system an' the #ie ' is e:cite' #rom
'c supp y 4hereas the output recei"e' #rom the a ternator is ac. hen the rotor is
ener7ise' the # u: ines emitte' by it are cut by the stator 4in'in7s 4hich in'uces an em#
in them 7i"en by
! &.&& # O N
here # #re uency in /
O #ie ' stren7th in 4ebersJm 8
N spee' o# rotor in rpm
Turbo 7enerators run at a "ery hi7h spee' hence the no. o# po es are 7enera y t4o or
#our an' ha"e a cy in'rica rotor construction 4ith sma 'iameter an' on7 a:ia en7th.
A. Main 4o+ponents
The main components o# a 7enerator are the rotor an' stator.
*otorThe e ectrica rotor is the most 'i##icu t part o# the 7enerator to 'esi7n. It is an
e ectroma7net an' to 7i"e it the re uire' stren7th o# ma7netic #ie ' a ar7e current is
re uire' to # o4 throu7h it. The rotor is a cast stee in7ot an' is #urther #or7e' an'
machine'.
Rotor %! &! g 3i "er bearin7 copper is use' #or the 4in'in7 4ith mica as the insu ation
bet4een con'uctors. A mechanica y stron7 insu ator such as micanite is use' #or inin7
the s ots. ,otor has ho o4 con'uctors 4ith s ots to pro"i'e #or circu ation o# the coo in7
7as.
Rotor 'ala #! g The rotor must then be comp ete y teste' #or mechanica ba ance 4hich
eans that a chec6 is ma'e to see i# it 4i run upto norma spee' 4ithout "ibration.
'tator
Stator (ra$e It is the hea"iest oa' to be transporte'. The ma+or part is the stator core.
This comprises an inner #rame an' an outer #rame. The outer #rame is a ri7i' #abricate'
structure o# 4e 'e' stee p ate. In ar7e 7enerator the outer casin7 is 'one in t4o parts.
1:
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
26/54
Stator #ore) it is the hea"iest part an' is bui t #rom a ar7e no. o# thin stee p ates or
punchin7s.
Stator %! &! g* It is o# ap type an' emp oys 'irect 4ater coo e' bar type 4in'in7. The
stator 4in'in7 bar is ma'e #rom 7 ass appe' e ementary con'uctor an' ho o4
con'uctors. The main insu ation is app ie' by means o# mica tape 4hich is 4rappe' an'
is compoun'e' 4ith the he p o# a si icon epo:y compoun'.
TAB%E III3peci#ications o# Turbo Generators
&VA P" 'tator
Voltage
(V)
'tator
Current
(A)
*otor
Voltage
(V)
*otor
Current
(A)
*p+ H, P-ase Coolant
8&0;;; ;.2( 1(0(; 5;(; $1; 8 ;; $;;; (; $ ater
=stator>
hy'ro7en
=rotor>
B. ED4itation '6ste+• Stat!# E+#!tat!o S"*te$ -The 7enerators in sta7e -1=u-1 u-8> ha"e this
e:citation system. 3tatic e:citation system has s ip rin7 an' carbon brush
arran7ement. It consists o# step 'o4n trans#ormerD con"erter an' AV, =automatic
"o ta7e re7u ator>.
• Bru*,le** E+#!tat!o S"*te$ / The 7enerators in sta7e -8=U-$D U-& U- (>
ha"e this e:citation system. It has t4o e:citersD one is main e:citer an' other is
pi ot e:citer.
C. $enerator Prote4tion• Stator Prote#t!o ) The neutra o# star connecte' 4in'in7 is connecte' to primary
o# neutra 7roun'in7 trans#ormerD so that earth #au t current is imite' by o"er
"o ta7e re ay.
• D!((ere t!al Prote#t!o ) In case o# phase-to-phase #au t 7enerator is protecte' by
on7itu'ina 'i##erentia re ay.
18
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
27/54
• Rotor Prote#t!o ),otor 4in'in7 may be 'ama7e' by earth #au ts or open circuits.
The #ie ' is biase' by a 'c "o ta7eD 4hich causes current to # o4 throu7h the re ay
#or an earth #au t any4here on the #ie ' system.
•
O er S ee& Prote#t!o / *echanica y o"er spee' 'e"ice that is usua y in the#orm o# centri#u7a y operate' rin7s mounte' on the rotor sha#tD 4hich # y out an'
c ose the stop "a "es i# the spee' o# the set increase more than 1;E.
• O er /oltage Prote#t!o / It is pro"i'e' 4ith an o"er "o ta7e re ay. The re ay is
usua y in'uction pattern. The re ay open the main circuit brea6 an' the #ie '
s4itch i# the o"er "o ta7e persists.
• Seal O!l S"*te$ / /y'ro7en in the 7enerator is un'er "ery hi7h pressure. There is
a possibi ity o# this hy'ro7en to come out o# 7apsD 4hich is "ery ha ar'ous. 3oDsea oi is use' to sea the 7aps so that hy'ro7en 'oesn t come out.
• Lu'r!#at!o O!l S"*te$ / Turbine ubrication-oi system see6s to pro"i'e proper
ubrication o# turbo 7enerator bearin7s an' operation o# barrin7 7ear. Pumps are
use' to circu ate ubrication-oi insi'e the 7enerator. The oi o# the ubrication an'
the 7o"ernin7 system is coo e' in the oi coo ers. The coo in7 me'ium #or these
coo ers is circu atin7 4ater.
#. $enerator Cooling '6ste+
Turbo7enerator is pro"i'e' 4ith an e##icient coo in7 system to a"oi' e:cessi"e
heatin7 an' conse uent 4ear an' tear o# its main components 'urin7 operation. The
t4o main systems emp oye' #or coo in7 are 4ater coo in7 system an' hy'ro7en
coo in7 system.
0"&roge #ool! g *"*te$) /y'ro7en is use' as a coo in7 me'ium in ar7e capacity7enerator in "ie4 o# the #o o4in7 #eature o# hy'ro7en. hen hy'ro7en is use' as a
coo ant the temperature 7ra'ient bet4een the sur#ace to be coo e' an' the coo ant is
7reat y re'uce'. This is because o# the hi7h coe##icient o# heat trans#er o# hy'ro7en.
The therma con'ucti"ity o# hy'ro7en is 0 times that o# air an' hence 7oo' heat
con'uction is possib e. hi e usin7 hy'ro7en it e iminates o:y7en in the chamber
an' hence pre"ents the #ormation corrosi"e aci's there#ore en7thens the i#e o#
insu ation. As hy'ro7en is a non-supporter o# combustion hence ris6 o# #ire is
20
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
28/54
e iminate'. The 'ensity o# hy'ro7en is 1J1&th times o# air hence circu ation is a so
easier.
The coo in7 system main y comprises o# a 7as contro stan'D a 'ri"erD hy'ro7en
contro pane D 7as purity measurin7 instrument an' an in'icatin7 instrumentD "a "es
an' the sea in7 system. A 7reat care shou ' be ta6en so that no o:y7en enters the
coo in7 system because hy'ro7en #orms an e:p osi"e mi:ture 4ith air. The purity o#
hy'ro7en be maintaine' as hi7h as 52E.to pro'uce hy'ro7en in such ar7e uantities
a separate p ant ca e' the hy'ro7en p ant is a so maintaine'.
Water #ool! g *"*te$) Turbo7enerators re uire 4ater coo in7 arran7ement. The
stator 4in'in7 is coo e' by circu ation o# 'eminera ise' 4ater throu7h ho o4
con'uctors. The system is 'esi7ne' to maintain a constant rate o# coo in7 4ater # o4
to the stator 4in'in7 at a nomina temperature o# &; 'e7 Ce sius.
E. Cooling 'pe4i"i4ations O" Tur/ogenerators At F$UTPP
'tage9I:
ater as 4e as hy'ro7en coo in7 is present in sta7e-I turbo 7enerators 4ith
#o o4in7 speci#icationsK
Rotor #ool! g) /y'ro7en 7as pressureK $.( H7Jcm 8D PurityK 52E
Stator #ool! g) ater pressureK $.( H7Jcm 8 D ,ate o# # o4 o# 4aterK 1$; m $Jhr
'tage9II @ III:
n y hy'ro7en coo in7 is use' #or both stator an' rotor coo in7.
Rotor #ool! g) /y'ro7en 7as pressureK $.( H7Jcm 8D PurityK 52E
Stator #ool! g) /y'ro7en 7as pressureK 8.; H7Jcm 8D PurityK 52E
V. T*AN'FO*ME*'21
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
29/54
The trans#ormer is a 'e"ice that trans#ers e ectrica ener7y #rom one e ectrica circuit to
another throu7h the me'ium o# ma7netic #ie ' an' 4ithout the chan7e o# #re uency. It is
an e ectroma7netic ener7y con"ersion 'e"iceD since the ener7y recei"e' by the primary is
#irst con"erte' to ma7netic an' is then recon"erte' to e ectrica ener7y in the secon'ary.
Thus these 4in'in7s are not connecte' e ectrica y but coup e' ma7netica y. Its
e##iciency is in the ran7e o# 50 to 52 E.
A. Trans"or+er a44essories• Co *er ator 4ith the "ariation o# temperature there is a correspon'in7 "ariation
in the "o ume o# oi 'ue to e:pansion an' contraction o# oi cause' by the
temperature chan7e. To account #or thisD an e:pansion "esse ca e' the
conser"ator is connecte' to the outsi'e atmosphere throu7h a 'ehy'ratin7
breather to 6eep the air in the conser"ator 'ry. An oi 7au7e sho4s the e"e o# oi
in the conser"ator.
• Breat,er it is pro"i'e' to pre"ent the contamination o# oi in the conser"ator by
the moisture present in the outsi'e air enterin7 the conser"ator. The outsi'e air is
'ra4n into the conser"ator e"erytime the trans#ormer coo s 'o4n 4hich resu ts in
the contraction o# the "o ume occupie' by the oi in the conser"ator. The
breather contains a 'esiccator usua y 3i ica 7e 4hich has the property o#
absorbin7 moisture #rom the air. A#ter sometime si ica 7e 7ets saturate' an' then
it chan7es it co our #rom purp e to pin6 in'icatin7 that it has become saturate'
an' hence nee's to be rep ace' or re7enerate'.
• Rel!e( e t In case o# se"ere interna #au t in the trans#ormerD the pressure may
be bui t to a "ery hi7h e"e 4hich may resu t in the e:p osion in the tan6. /ence
to a"oi' such con'ition a re ie# "ent is pro"i'e' 4ith a ba6e ite 'iaph7ram 4hich
brea6s beyon' certain pressure an' re eases the pressure.• Bu*,! g* they consist o# concentric porce ain 'iscs 4hich are use' #or insu ation
an' brin7in7 out the termina s o# the 4in'in7s #rom the tan6.
• Bu#,#,olt1 rela" this is a protection scheme #or the trans#ormer to protect o#
a7ainst anticipate' #au ts. It is app icab e to the oi immerse' trans#ormer an'
'epen's on the #act that trans#ormer brea6'o4ns are a 4ays prece'e' by "io ent
7eneration o# 7as 4hich mi7ht occur 'ue to spar6in7 or arcin7. It consist o# t4o
22
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
30/54
mercury re aye' s4itches one #or a 'an7er a arm an' the secon' #or trippin7 the
trans#ormer.
• Te$ erature ! &!#ator* trans#ormers are pro"i'e' 4ith t4o temperature
in'icators that in'icate the temperature o# the 4in'in7 an' that o# the oi in thetrans#ormer #or an oi #i e' trans#ormer. The temperature in'icators are a so
protecti"e in nature 4hereby the #irst create an a arm an' then tripp the respecti"e
trans#ormer in case the temperature o# the respecti"e parts rises beyon' a certain
"a ue.
• Ta #,a ger* these are a so pro"i'e' an' are mounte' on the trans#ormer. In
case some 6in' o# oa' # uctuations the taps can be chan7e' or a'+uste' as per the
nee'. There are t4o types o# tap chan7ers n oa' tap chan7er an' ## oa' tap
chan7er.
B. Cooling O" Trans"or+ers
/eat is pro'uce' in the trans#ormers 'ue to the current # o4in7 in the con'uctors o# the
4in'in7s an' on account o# the e''y current in the core an' a so because o# the hyterisis
oss. In sma 'ry type trans#ormers the heat is 'irect y 'issipate' to the atmosphere. In
oi immerse' systems oi ser"es as the me'ium #or trans#errin7 the heat pro'uce'.
Because o# the 'i##erence in the temperatures o# the parts o# the trans#ormers circu atin7
currents are set. n account o# these circu atin7 currents hot oi is mo"e' to the coo er
re7ion name y the heat e:chan7er an' the coo er oi is #orce' to4ar's the hot re7ion. The
heat e:chan7ers 7enera y consist o# ra'iators 4ith #ins 4hich mi7ht be pro"i'e' 4ith
#orce' or natura type air circu ation #or remo"a o# heat.
The oi in oi immerse' trans#ormers may a so be o# #orce' or natura circu ation
type. The oi use' #or coo in7 is si icone oi or a mi:ture o# naphtha ene an' para##in.
hen #orce' oi circu ation is use' then pumps are use' #or the circu ation o# the oi . The
oi #orce' air #orce' type coo in7 is use' in ar7e trans#ormers o# "ery hi7h HVA ratin7.
!. S!$ le Cool! g
AN: Natura coo in7 by atmospheric circu ationD 4ithout any specia 'e"ices. The
trans#ormer core an' coi s are open a roun' to the air. This metho' is con#ine' to "ery
sma units at a #e4 6V at o4 "o ta7es.
AB: In this case the coo in7 is impro"e' by an air b astD 'irecte' by suitab e trun6in7 an' pro'uce'
23
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
31/54
by a #an.
ON: The 7reat ma+ority o# trans#ormers are oi -immerse' 4ith natura coo in7D i.e. the
heat 'e"e ope'
in the cores an' coi s is passe' to the oi an' thence to the tan6 4a sD #rom 4hich it is
'issipate'.
The a'"anta7es o"er air-coo in7 inc u'e #ree'om #rom the possibi ity o# 'ust c o77in7
the coo in7
'uctsD or o# moisture a##ectin7 the insu ationD an' the 'esi7n #or hi7her "o ta7es is 7reat y
impro"e'.
OB: In this metho' the coo in7 o# an N-type trans#ormer is impro"e' by air b ast o"er
the
outsi'e o# the tan6.
OFN: The oi is circu ate' by pump to natura air coo ers.
OFB: For ar7e trans#ormers arti#icia coo in7 may be use'. The FB metho' comprises
a #orce'
circu ation o# the oi to a re#ri7eratorD 4here it is coo e' by air-b ast.
O3: An oi -immerse' trans#ormer o# this type is coo e' by the circu ation o# 4ater in
coo in7
tubes situate' at the top o# the tan6 but be o4 oi - e"e .
OF3: 3imi ar to FBD e:cept that the re#ri7erator emp oys 4ater instea' o# air b ast #or
coo in7
the oi D 4hich is circu ate' by pump #rom the trans#ormer to the coo er.
!!. M!+e& Cool! g
ON OB: As ND but 4ith a ternati"e a''itiona air-b ast coo in7. NJ FND NJ FBD
NJ F D
NJ BJ FBD NJ J F K A ternati"e coo in7 con'itions in accor'ance 4ith the
metho's in'icate'.
A trans#ormer may ha"e t4o or three ratin7s 4hen more than one metho' o# coo in7 is
pro"i'e'. For an NJ B arran7ement these ratin7s are appro:imate y in the ratio 1J1.(
#or NJ BJ FB in the ratio 1J1.(J8.
C. Main Trans"or+ers
2&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
32/54
i. Ge rator Tra *(or$er )) This is a step up trans#ormer. This supp y 7ets
its primary supp y #rom 7enerator an' its secon'ary supp ies the s4itchyar' #rom
4here it is transmitte' to 7ri'. This trans#ormer is oi coo e'. The primary o# this
trans#ormer is connecte' in star. The secon'ary is connecte' in 'e ta. These are
#i"e in number.
ii. Stat!o Tra *(or$er ))This trans#ormer has a most the same ratin7 as the
7enerator trans#ormer. Its primary is connecte' in 'e ta an' secon'ary in star. It is
a step 'o4n trans#ormer. These are & in number.
iii. U !t Au+!l!ar" Tra *(or$er )) This is a step 'o4n trans#ormer. The primary
recei"es #rom 7enerator an' secon'ary supp ies a . HV bus. This is oi coo e'.
These are 1; in number.
i". Neutral Grou &e& Tra *(or$er ))This trans#ormer is connecte' 4ith supp y
comin7 out o# UAT in sta7e-8. This is use' to 7roun' the e:cess "o ta7e i# occurs
in the secon'ary o# UAT in spite o# rate' "o ta7e.
TAB%E IV
3peci#ications o# GTs
TA
TAB%E V3peci#ications o# 3Ts
2'
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
33/54
TAB%E VI3peci#ications UATs
TAB%E VII Neura 7roun'e' trans#ormer =NGT>
&VA P-ase H, T6pe o" 4ooling
Noloa
!oltage(!olts)
Noloa
!oltage%V
(!olts)
%ine4urrentHV (A)
%ineCurrent%V (A)
Te+p*ise
o" Oil( C)
Te+prise
3in ing
11 G $ (; NAFJ NAN ;; 8(; 1;(.5 8 ((.2 (; ((
VI. #.C 'Y'TEM
A. *e7uire+ent O" #4 '6ste+2
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
34/54
There are some au:i iaries 4hich nee' to run e"en 4hen the ac supp y #ai s such as sea
oi pumpsD the scanner systemD "a "e contro D i7htsDetc. 3o 4e re uire the %C system.
A the circuit brea6ers in the po4er p ant operate on %C. The %C system
comprises o# batteriesD char7ersD contro circuit to maintain a continuous supp y #or the
%C #ee'ers.
There are #i"e units in unchahar po4er p ant an' in each unit separate battery
rooms are ma'e #rom 4hich 4e ha"e 88;V as 4e as 8&V %C supp y
B. #es4ription o" /atter6:
Capacity 88; V =1&;; A/> J 8& V =&;; A/>
Per unit ce 8.8 V
Batter" late)
Positi"e termina Pb 8
Ne7ati"e termina Pb
! ectro yte / 83 &
Rea#t!o * o##ur! g ! t,e 'atter" )
1. At the time o# char7in7K
At positi"e p ate @
Pb3 & Q 3 & Q 8/ 8 -R Pb 8 Q 8/ 8
At ne7ati"e p ate @
Pb3 & Q / 8 -R Pb Q / 83
8. At the time o# %ischar7in7K
At positi"e p ate @
Pb 8 Q / 8 Q / 83 & -R Pb3 & Q 8 / 8
At ne7ati"e p ate @
Pb Q 3 & -R Pb3 &
C. Batter6 4-arger
Battery char7er norma y operates in t4o mo'es.
• F oat char7in7K It is constant "o ta7e mo'e an' 4or6s as a tric6 e char7er.
• Boost char7in7K It is constant current mo'e an' 4or6s as a uic6 char7er.
2(
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
35/54
Tr!#2le C,arger = It operates at 88;V. It is use' #or continuous char7in7 o# the battery.
Fu time battery is char7e' by the tric6 e char7er an' remains in # oat con'ition.
3u!#2 #,arger @ It is a so 6no4n as Boost Char7er. This is use' at the time o#
o"erhau in7. It operates in t4o mo'es @
i. Constant current =CC>
ii. Constant Vo ta7e =CV>
#. Capa4it6 test o" /atter6 K
In or'er to maintain the con'ition o# battery 4e 'o a capacity test. For 88;V 4e #irst
'ischar7e the battery at the rate o# 1&; A #or 1; hrs. throu7h a resistance bo:es. e 6eep
on monitorin7 the @
• 3peci#ic 7ra"ity o# e ectro yte
• Temperature
• Vo ta7e
o# each ce . I# the "o ta7e e"e 7oes be o4 1.2(VD it in'icates that the ce is 'e#ecti"e
an' nee's rep acement.
For rechar7in7 these batteries 4e char7e them in constant current =CC> mo'e at
the rate o# E #or 1-8 'ays. %urin7 char7in7 the battery 7i"es a tota o# 80;-82; V. In
or'er to maintain 88; V e"e 4e bypass some batteries ti the supp y is maintaine'.
Ba*!# o erat!o o( #,arger)
In the char7er there are t4o incomers an' at a time on y one s4itch in on. This supp y
7oes to the contactor 4hich is tappe' throu7h the coi s accor'in7 to the "o ta7e e"e s.
The 'io'es recti#y ac to 'c but since it is not ripp e #ree so 4e app y the )C #i ter circuit
4hich o4ers the ripp e #actor an' 7i"es us the %C same is the case 4ith 8& V Char7er.
From the char7er one supp y 7oes to the %C%B =%irect Coup e' %i7ita Boar'>
an' the other to the battery #or char7in7.
VII. '3ITCH$EA*
2:
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
36/54
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
37/54
For o4 "o ta7e circuits #uses may be use' to iso ate the #au ty circuit. For "o ta7e hi7her
than $.$ 6V iso ation is achie"e' by circuit brea6er.
Re4u!re$e t o( #!r#u!t 'rea2er)
• A#ter occurrence o# #au t the s4itch7ears must iso ate the #au ty circuit as uic6 y
as possib e i.e. 6eepin7 the 'e ay to minimum.
• It shou ' not operate 4hen an o"er current # o4s un'er hea thy con'ition.
Ba*!# r! #! al o( o erat!o o( #!r#u!t 'rea2er)
Circuit brea6er consists o# a #i: contact an' s i'in7 contact into 4hich mo"es a mo"in7
contact. The en' o# mo"in7 contact it attache' to a han' e that can be manua y operate'
or may operate automatica y 4ith the he p o# mechanism that has a trip coi ener7i e'
by secon'ary o# CT. Un'er norma con'ition the secon'ary o# CT is not ener7i e'
su##icient y to trip the coi but un'er #a se con'ition the coi is ener7i e' #u y to operate
the trip coi an' the circuit brea6er is operate'.
• MOCB (Mini+u+ oil 4ir4uit /rea;er)
• 'F< ('ulp-ur -eDa"luori e 4ir4uit /rea;er)
/ere oi an' 3F are use' to uench the arc.
Bu* &u#t*)
These ser"e as interconnection bet4een trans#ormer an' s4itch7ear an' are non-
se7re7ate' phase type. These are natura air coo e'.
Bu* #ou ler)
It acts as interconnection bet4een the t4o bus. I# the supp y o# one bus #ai s then the bus
coup er connects the t4o buses an' char7es the bus #rom the other bus.
D!((ere t rela"* u*e&)• *otor protection system
• !arth #au t re ay
• "er oa' re ay
• )oc6 out re ay
• Chec6 synchroni in7 re ay
• %i##erentia protection re ay
• Au:i iary re ay30
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
38/54
Figure 1G. ! ectica system ayout o# sta7e III
VIII. BOI%E*
31
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
39/54
Furnace is p ace' at the bottom o# the most important part o# the therma p ant 4here
steam is 7enerate'. The boi er use' at FGUTPP is the 4ater tube boi er type in 4hichD
4ater circu ates in tubes surroun'e' by #ire. /ence it ta6es up heat an' 7ets con"erte'
into steam. The steam then rises up an' 7ets co ecte' insi'e the boi er 'rum. The boi er
is ma'e up o# carbon stee . The temperature o# steam that comes out o# the boi er is
aroun' ($; 'e7 Ce sius an' its pressure is 18;67Jcm 8. The type o# boi er can be #urther
e aborate' as natura circu ationD 'ry bottomD an' tan7entia #ire'D ra'iant heat type 4ith
'irect #ire' pu "erise' coa system.
nce the steam is pro'uce' in the boi erD it 7ets co ecte' insi'e the boi er 'rum.
Boi er 'rum is a specia type o# cy in'rica 'rum i6e structure 4hich contains a mi:ture
o# 4ater an' steam. 3team bein7 i7hter 7ets co ecte' at the top portion an' beneath it
4e ha"e the 4ater. It is "ery important to maintain a sa#e e"e o# 4ater in the 'rum since
4e ha"e t4o main types o# constraints in this re7ar'. I# the steam pro'uce' an' co ecte'
is more then it can ea' to a b ast in the boi er 'rum e se tiny 'rop ets o# 4ater can enter
the turbine. /ence in or'er to 6eep a chec6 4e measure the e"e by hy'rastep.
/y'rastep is a phenomenon base' on the 'i##erence in the con'ucti"ities o# 4ater an'
steam.
3ince there is 7reat pressure an' temperature at the boi er 7reat care shou ' be
ta6en 4hi e 7oin7 to the site an' maintenance.
3ince coa is burnin7 in the #urnace an' then 4e ha"e 4ater tubes o# the boi er
insi'e hence constant burnin7 o# coa pro'uces ash 4hich 7ets co ecte' on the 4ater
tubes an' the start 4or6in7 as insu ationD hence its necessary to b o4 this soot hence #or
this purpose 4e use 3oot B o4ers.
3oot b o4ers are basica y pipe i6e structures that 7o insi'e the #urnace an' the
boi er #or e##icient on oa' c eanin7. C eanin7 is 'one by the superheate' steam 4hich is
tappe' #rom the superheater #or the purpose o# soot b o4in7. The pressure is re'uce' to
$167Jcm 8 at $$; 'e7 Ce sius by means o# re'ucin7 "a "e. e main y ha"e three types o#
soot b o4ersK
1. on7 retraceab e soot b o4er
8. 4a b o4er
$. air reheater
Be#ore sen'in7 this steam to the turbineD the steam is a7ain superheate' an' then its
temperature is aroun' (2;'e7 Ce sius. This increases the e##iciency since the temperature
32
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
40/54
is the measure o# ener7y hence hi7her temperature hi7her is the ener7y. /enceD 'urin7
the phenomenon o# superheatin7 the steam 4hich is 'ry an' saturate'D is bein7 heate'
an' hence the temperature o# steam a7ain rises.
First the steam #rom boi er 'rum enters the o4 temperature super heater =)T3/>.
A#ter )T3/ steam enters the p aten superheater an' then #ina y to a hi7h temperature
superheater. The steam 4hich is no4 pro'uce' 7oes to the /P turbine.
Figure 11. ater tube Boi er 3chematic )ayout
I . E%ECT*O'TATIC P*ECIPITATO* (E'P)
33
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
41/54
The ash content in the In'ian coa is o# the or'er o# $; to &; E. hen coa is #ire' in the
boi erD ashes are iberate' an' about 2;E o# ash is carrie' a on7 4ith the # ue 7ases. I#
this ash is a o4e' to # o4 in the atmosphereD it 4i cause air po ution an' ea' to hea th
troub es. There#ore it is necessary to precipitate the 'ust #rom the # ue 7ases an' this
4or6 is 'one by the e ectrostatic precipitator.
A. 3or;ing prin4iple
The princip e upon 4hich an e ectrostatic precipitator 4or6s is that 'ust a'en 7ases are
passe' into a chamber 4here the in'i"i'ua partic es o# 'ust are 7i"en an e ectric char7e
by absorption o# #ree ions #rom a hi7h "o ta7e %C ionisin7 #ie '. ! ectric #orces cause a
stream o# ions to pass #rom the 'ischar7e e ectro'es =emittin7> to the co ectin7
e ectro'es an' the partic es o# ash in the 7as are 'e# ecte' out o# the 7as stream into the
co ectin7 sur#aces 4here they are retaine' by e ectrica attraction. They are remo"e' by
an intermittent b o4 usua y re#erre' to as ,APPING. This causes the ash to 'rop into
hoppers situate' be o4 the e ectro'es. There are & steps that are in"o "e'K
1. Ionisation o# 7ases an' char7in7 o# partic es.
8. *i7ration o# partic es to respecti"e e ectro'es.
$. %eposition o# partic es on the e ectro'es.
&. %is o'7in7 o# partic es #rom the e ectro'es.
B. #es4ription
The !3P consist o# t4o sets o# e ectro'esD one in the #orm o# he ica thin 4ires ca e'
emittin7 e ectro'e 4hich is connecte' to -0;HV %C an' the co ectin7 e ectro'e in
7roun'e'.
C. Parts o" E'P
1. Basing9 K the precipitator casin7 is robust y 'esi7ne' an' has an a 4e 'e' stee
construction.
8. Hoppers9 K the hoppers are o# pyrami'ica shape. The an7 e bet4een hopper corner
an' the hori onta is ne"er ess than (( 'e7 an' o#ten more to ensure easy 'ust # o4.
To ensure #ree # o4 'ry ash into 'isposa system the o4er portion o# hopper are
pro"i'e' 4ith e ectrica heaters.
3&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
42/54
$. Colle4ting s6ste+9 K the co ectin7 system consists o# e ectro'es 4hich are base' on
the concept o# 'imensiona stabi ity. They ha"e a # at uni#orm sur#ace #or uni#orm
char7e 'istribution. These e ectro'es ha"e ar7er area an' are 7roun'e'D hence ha"e
ero potentia .
&. E+itting s6ste+9 K the emittin7 system consist o# emittin7 or 'ischar7in7 e ectro'es
that are in the #ront o# the he ica 4ires #or a non-uni#orm 'istribution to enhance the
rate o# char7in7 since a non-uni#orm #ie ' is create'.
(. *apping +e4-anis+9 K the ,appin7 mechanism is a process 4hich is emp oye' to
hammer out the ash partic es 4hich 7et precipitate' on the respecti"e p ates. /ence
in or'er to hammer out those partic es rappin7 motors are emp oye' 4hich hammer
at the rate o# 8 to $ cyc es per minute. Various motors are emp oye' an' are ca e'
co ectin7 rappin7 motor an' emittin7 rappin7 motor.
. Insulators9 K these are a so emp oye' #or support since !3P is hun7 4ith the he p o#
these insu ators.
0. Trans"or+er *e4ti"ier9 K a trans#ormer recti#ier is emp oye' 4hich steps up the
"o ta7e to 0;HV an' then it is recti#ie' to -0; HV an' is 7i"en to the emittin7
e ectro'e
Figure 1 . 3chematic %ia7ram o# !3P
#. Ele4tri4al s4-e+e o" E'PThe #o o4in7 mechanism ta6es p ace e ectrica yK
3'
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
43/54
• !mitter e ectro'e =!> creates a stron7 e ectric #ie ' near the sur#ace an' corona
'ischar7e ta6es p ace.
• Positi"e an' ne7ati"e ions are #orme' by this 'ischar7e.
• The positi"e ions mo"e to4ar's anti positi"e char7e ine e ectro'es ca e'emittin7 e ectro'es an' the ne7ati"e ions to4ar's co ectin7 e ectro'es.
• %urin7 this passa7e ions co i'e 4ith ash partic es an' a'here to them.
• These char7e' partic es stic6 on the co ector curtain 4hich is the 'is o'7e' by
the rappin7 motors 4hich is co ecte' by the hoppers.
For optimum #unctiona e##iciency o# the precipitator the supp y "o ta7e shou '
be maintaine' near abo"e the # ash o"er e"e bet4een e ectro'es. This is achie"e' by the
e ectronic contro . The e##iciency o# !3P is about 55.5(E. The !3P is 'i"i'e' into & passes ca e' AD BD CD % an' has "arious #ie 's per pass.
In sta7e-I 4e ha"e 0 #ie 's per pass an' hence the tota no. o# #ie 's is 82 4hereas in
sta7e-II III 4e ha"e ha"e 2 #ie 's per pass an' hence the tota no. o# #ie 's is $8.
E. Varia/le "re7uen46 ri!e
From the e ectrostatic precipitatorD the # ue 7ases are suc6e'. It is a type o# #an an' is
ca e' In'uce' 'ra#t #an. It suc6s the # ue 7ases #rom the !3P an' then trans#ers them tothe chimney. In sta7e-I an I* is emp oye' #or this purpose but the spee' contro o# that
motor is not possib e. 3ometimes the amount o# # ue 7ases comin7 out is sma an' other
times it is ar7e but since no spee' contro is possib e hence the # o4 o# # ue 7ases
become a te'ious tas6. /o4e"er in sta7e-II the spee' contro is possib e since here 4e
ha"e "ariab e #re uency 'ri"e. The motor 4hich is emp oye' here are synchronous
motor.
Usin7 "ariab e #re uency 'ri"e "o ta7e is compensate' at o4 #re uenciesD thetor ue at o4 spee's is impro"e'. To obtain the "o ta7e boostD 4e re uire a contro e'
con"erter as 4e as a contro e' in"erter.
The pane in Fi7ure 11 is a "ariab e #re uency 'ri"e pane . First the three phase
supp y #rom trans#ormer is #e' to the contro e' recti#ier 4hich the ac to 'c. The
a'"anta7e o# usin7 a contro e' recti#ier is that the a"era7e "a ue o# the output can be
contro e' by "aryin7 the #irin7 an7 e. Then its output is #e' to the in"erter 4hich is a
type o# oa' commutate' in"erter. Be#ore passin7 it to the in"erter a reactor is a so
3
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
44/54
emp oye' in bet4een this re'uces the ripp es. The in"erter then con"erts 'c to ac an' the
ac is #e' to the synchronous motor. The spee' o# synchronous motor is #i:e' an' is 7i"en
by 18; # J p. since the on y thin7 "ariab e in the e:pression is the #re uency 4hich is
'irect y proportiona to the spee'. /ence the in"erter "aries the #re uency an' hence
contro s the spee' o# the motor. The contro e' recti#ier in the circuit is use' #or "o ta7e
contro 4hi e the oa' commutate' in"erter is use' #or #re uency "ariation
Figure 1 . ! ectrica scheme o# VF%
T%o #,a el arra ge$e t (or *" #,ro ou* $otor
The stator o# the synchronous motor is 7i"en supp y usin7 t4o channe s. Norma y the
motor 4or6s on both channe s but un'er some #au ty con'itions on any one o# the
channe s the other channe can continue 4or6in7 since the motor is re uire' #or
continuous operation
Figure 18. T4o channe arran7ement o# synchronous motor
/ence the #re uency is "arie' #rom ;.( / to &0.(/ . hen both channe s
operate the motor mo"es at (0(rpm an' 4hen one channe is in operation the ma:imum
spee' is &0(rpm. The po4er an' current ratin7s in case o# both the channe s is 1&1&H
3(
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
45/54
&8;Amp. In case on y one channe is 4or6in7 then the po4er is $(H an' current is
$2;Amp.
TAB%E VIII
3peci#ication o# 3ynchronous *otor &3
rating
&VA
rating
P.F. 'pee
(rp+)
'tator
!oltage
ED4itation
!oltage
Insulation
4lass
3t.
(&g)1818&3 1 & ;.5
= ea'>
(0( 8
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
46/54
NTPC Unchahar 7ets its coa supp y main y #rom Bihar. No4 coa is a so comin7 #rom
Austra iaD as coa pro'uce' in In'ia is o# o4 7ra'e an' ash content is more. The coa
bein7 #i e' in the 4a7ons o# the rai reaches p ant. The purpose o# this p ant is to con"ey
the coa to the bun6er in the si e not ar7er than 8;mm.It han' es an' transports the coa
to the bun6er #rom the 4a7ons by passin7 throu7h "arious con"eyorsD trans#er pointsD
crusher housesD etc.
• BCC) costs ,s.&J67
• CCI cost ,s. J67
B. Properties o" Coal
1. Calor!(!# alue) the heat e"o "e' 4hen unit amount o# coa is burne'.
8. Gro** #alor!(!# alue) the heat e"o "e' 4hen a the pro'ucts o# combustion are
coo e' to the atmospheric temperature.
$. Net #alor!(!# alue) it is the "a ue obtaine' 4hen GCV is subtracte' by sensib e
an' atent heat o# 4ater in the pro'ucts o# combustion.
&. Gr! &a'l!t") it is the ease 4ith 4hich the coa can be 7roun' to #ine si es. It is
measure' on the har' 7ro"e sca e. Coa use' here has a Grin'ab ity in'e: o# ((.
C. Coal anal6sis
It is 'one in t4o 4aysK
1. Pro+!$ate a al"*!*) it 7i"es the beha"iour o# coa 4hen heate'.
8. Ult!$ate a al"*!*) it te s the e ementary composition o# coa . it is use#u in
'eterminin7 the air re uire' #or combustion an' in #in'in7 the 4ei7ht o#
combustion pro'ucts.
#. #i""erent +et-o s o" unloa ing t-e 4oal
1. Ma ual U loa&! g) - Pre"ious yD manpo4er 4as use' #or un oa'in7 the 4a7ons.
But it 4as "ery time consumin7 an' more 4or6ers 4ere re uire' #or the +ob to be
'one.
8. Bo+ ! 5u*! g %ago t! ler (or u loa&! g6) - This metho' is sti use' in sta7e-1
o# NTPC Unchahar. For this metho'D In'ian ,ai 4ay 7rants 1; hours #or
un oa'in7 the (2 4a7ons. In this metho'D a7ons are separate' an' tipp e' by usin7
4a7on tipp er. The Beet e Fee'er is use' to mo"e the 4a7on on 4a7on tipp er. The
38
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
47/54
coa #rom the 4a7ons 7ets accumu ate' in The Trac6 /opper. At this time the si e o#
the coa is appro:imate y $;;mm.
$. BOBR) - This metho' is use' in use' in sta7e -8 an' sta7e-$ o# NTPC
Unchahar. In'ian ,ai 4ay 7rants on y 8.( hours #or Un oa'in7 (2 B B, 4a7ons.
This is an a'"ance' techno o7y in 4hich 4e use the compressor system. In Bottom
pen Bottom ,e ease =B B,> techno o7y the 4a7ons are opene' #rom si'e.
Pressure is app ie' by the compressor to open the bottom 7ates o# the 4a7on so that
the coa 7ets re ease' o"er the trac6 hopper an' 4a7on 7et un oa'e' uic6 y.
E. Various e7uip+ent use in CHP
!. Mar*,all! g 7ar&) it consist o# rai 4ay trac6s pro"i'e' to recei"e the
oa'e' trainsD to un oa' them an' to put them bac6 in #ormation 4ithout
inter#erence bet4een oa'e' an' empty rac6s.
!!. Wago Tr! ler) The 4a7on Trip er is a most important 'e"ice in therma po4er
pro+ect. The a7on Trip er turns bac6 the 4a7on at 1$(-'e7ree an7 e an' the
structure o# the 4a7on tipp er is to be "ery hea"y. Upper si'e o# the 4a7on is
#i:e' 4ith the many an7 es #or supportin7 the 4a7on. hen the 4a7on is #i:e'
on the P at#orm then 4ho e p at#orm is turne' bac6 an' the coa #a 'o4n in the
4a7on tipp er hopper. The un oa'in7 time o# the ,ac6 is hours. /ere the type o#
the rac6 is Bo: C J Bo: N type.
• 3agon Tripler Hopper ) - The a7on Trip er /opper is a part o# the 4a7on
tipp er 4here the coa is store' #rom the 4a7on trip er. The si e o# the coa
here is ess than $;;mm.
• Vi/rating Fee er ) - The "ibratin7 #ee'er is use' #or #a in7 the coa on the
con"eyer throu7h a7on tipp er /oper. Be#ore a7on tipp er /oper an'
Vibratin7 Fee'er the 7ate is pro"i'in7 to contro the # o4 o# the coa .
• Beetle C-arger ) - The Beet e char7er is a tra"e in7 'e"ice that is use' to
carry the 4a7on on the 4a7on tipp er p at#orm.
• #ust 'uppuration ) - %ust 3uppuration is a use#u 'e"ice. hen the 4a7on
are tipp in7 then the 'ust is mi:e' in the air an' that area becomes "ery 'usty
&0
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
48/54
then %ust 3uppuration operates an' 4ater # o4s throu7h its points an' the
'ust sett es 'o4n. It is an automatic 'e"ice.
!!!. Pa&&le Fee&er) - They ha"e been insta e' on con"eyors be o4 the manua
un oa'in7 trac6 hopper. There are nos. o# pa'' e #ee'ersD $ on each con"eyer. $
Pa'' e Fee'ers o# each con"eyer mo"e to an' #ro 4ithin a imitin7 ran7e. The
rotatin7 part o# the pa'' e #ee'er is ca e' as p ou7h 4hee . P ou7h 4hee has
b a'es. By the rotation o# the p ou7h 4hee D the coa o# the trac6 hopper 7ets
accumu ate' bet4een the b a'es an' is 'ischar7e' on the con"eyor be o4 it. The
main components o# pa'' e #ee'er areK
• Ploug- ?-eel 9 It is the rotatin7 part consists o# b a'es. It is attache' 4ith
the rotor o# $-phase s ip rin7 in'uction motor.
• *e u4tion gear /oD 9 It is insta e' to contro the spee' o# p ou7h 4hee .
• En li+it s?it4- (le"t or rig-t) 9 It pro"i'es the imitin7 motion o# the
pa'' e #ee'ers.
• Anti94ollision s?it4- 9 It pro"i'es the pre"ention #rom co ision bet4een t4o
pa'' e #ee'ers.
•
Interlo4; s6ste+ 9 It is pro"i'e' #or sa#ety purpose. By thisD the con"eyor be t mo"es #irst then pa'' e #ee'er starts.
! . /!'rat! g Fee&er) - They ha"e been insta e' be o4 the trac6 hoppers o# 4a7on
tipp er. The coa is accumu ate' o"er the "ibratin7 #ee'er so by 7i"in7 "ibrations
to the "ibratin7 #ee'er 4e 'ischar7e the coa #rom trac6 hopper to the con"eyors.
Their main purpose is to pro"i'e uni#orm #ee'in7 on the con"eyors. The "ibratin7
#ee'ers consist o# a tray to 4hich "ibrator bo'y is #i:e' on the rear en'.
. Tra *(er Po! t*) - Trans#er Point is pro"i'e' 4ith # ap 7ate an' Con"eyer. In
trans#er Point the coa is trans#erre' #rom one con"eyer to other con"eyer.
!. Fla Gate) - The # ap Gate is a t4o-4ay 'e"ice. It consists o# t4o 7ates. Both
7ates cannot operate to7ether. By he p o# the # ap GateD 4e chan7e the 4ay o#
coa that #a 'o4n on the con"eyer.
&1
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
49/54
!!. Co e"er*) - The Con"eyer Be t is a mo"in7 'e"ice. It tra"e s on its p at#orms.
The shape o# the con"eyer be t is to be # at but on the p at#orms it is to be in cur"e
shape. The coa #a s 'o4n the con"eyer an' 7oes to the primary Crusher /ouse
P at#orms. The capacity o# con"eyer in 3ta7e @ I is 2;;*TJ hr. in 3ta7e @II is
18;;*T J hr.
Figure 1 . For4ar' Con"eyor Figure 1
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
50/54
the stone #a 'o4n to a separate p ace. Coa is con"erte' #rom $;;mm to 1(;mm
si e.
Parts o" t-e Pri+ar6 Crus-er House =
•
*otar6 Brea;er ) - The ,otary Brea6er has a rotatin7 mechanism. It isrotate' on the sha#t. The coa come #rom the con"eyer throu7h the F ap Gate
#a s 'o4n into the rotary brea6er. The rotary brea6er is to be rotate' an' coa
mo"es up an' 'o4n an' co i'es an' hence brea6s. The ,otary Brea6er is
/.T. 10;H . HV *otor.
• Belt Fee er ) - The Be t Fee'er is a sma si e o# the con"eyer. It is use'
#or #ee'in7 the coa to the con"eyer throu7h F ap Gate.
+. Se#o &ar" Cru*,er 5R! g Gra ulator6) - In 3econ'ary crusher /ouse #irst the
ma7netic part separate #rom the coa an' then #ee' to the 3econ'ary Crusher. This
Crusher brea6s the coa in 8;mm si e an' coa is sent to the F ap Gate an' then
#ee'e' to the con"eyer. The 3econ'ary crusher is hammer type. /.T. motor are
use' #or brea6in7 o# the coa . 3peci#ications are 0;;H . HV*otor.
+!. Cro** Belt Mag et!# Se rator*) - They 4i remo"e the #errous partic esD 4hich
passes a on7 4ith the coa . It consists o# e ectroma7net aroun' 4hich a be t is
mo"in7. It is suspen'e' #rom topD perpen'icu ar to the con"eyor be t at certain
hei7ht. hene"er any iron partic e passes be o4 the CB*3D it is attracte' by the
ma7net an' stic6 to the cross be t be o4 it. The CB*3 capacity is o# (;67.
+!!. Metal Dete#tor) - The purpose o# insta ation is to 'etect any meta ic piece
passin7 throu7h the con"eyor. hene"er the pieces pass be o4 the search coi o#
the meta 'etectorD it 7i"es the trip comman' to the con"eyor. 3imu taneous yD
san' ba7 mar6er 4i #a on the con"eyor be t so that the meta can be searche'easi y an' remo"e'.
+!!!. Sta#2er8Re#la!$er) - It is a "ery important 'e"ice. The 4ho e 3tructure o#
it is ca e' 3uper 3tructure. It stac6s the e:cessi"e coa an' rec aims the coa on
its re uirement. It is a t4o-4ay 'e"ice. It consists o# #o o4in7 main partsK
• 'ta4;er ) - The 3tac6 is a position =1>. hen the rac6 comesD the
e:cessi"e coa is sen' to the stac6er throu7h the con"eyer #rom 3econ'ary
Crusher house. The coa s are stac6e' at the 3econ'ary Crusher Coa /eap. The
coa #a s 'o4n #rom the stac6er throu7h Boom Con"eyer.
&3
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
51/54
• *e4lai+er ) - The ,ec aimer is position =8>. hen the rac6 is not comin7
an' there is a shorta7e o# coa D then rec aimin7 is to be starte' an' the coa is
i#te' #rom the 3econ'ary Crush Coa /eap an' #e' to the bun6er.
•
Boo+ Con!e6er ) - The Boom con"eyer is a Bi-'irectiona con"eyer. Itmo"es c oc64ise antic oc64ise 'irection. In stac6in7 positionD it is mo"in7 in
c oc64ise 'irection an' in the rec aimin7 position its mo"in7 in antic oc64ise
'irection. They are pro"i'e' 4ith Center Chute an' !n' Chute on the both en'.
• Boo+ -oist ) - The Boom hoist is a in6 o# the 3uper 3tructure. The hoist
is mo"e' up an' 'o4n. For contro in7 the up 'o4n positionD imit s4itch is
pro"i'e'.
•
'le? ri!e ) - The 3 e4 %ri"e mo"es at 12;-'e7ree. hen the coa isstore' on both the si'e o# the trac6 o# tra"e D then the 3 e4 %ri"e mo"es an' i#ts
or #a the coa #rom Boom Con"eyer. For contro the rotation o# 3 e4 %ri"eD the
imit s4itch is pro"i'e'.
• Bu4;et ?-eel ) - The Buc6et hee is use' 4hen there is a re uirement o#
the coa . It is a rotary 'e"ice. It is a 4ays rotate' in antic oc64ise. In the
,ec aimin7 positionD the Center Chute is to be up an' !n' Chute o# the Boom
Con"eyer is #i:e' on the con"eyer. The Buc6et hee rotates 4hen the Buc6eto# the 4hee is #u 4ith coa an' the 4hee is rotate' the coa #a 'o4n on the
Boom con"eyer an' the coa is sen' to the 3uper 3tructure.
• Tra!el ) - It is a s ip rin7 in'uction motor 'ri"en system. The 3uper
3tructure mo"es on it. The norma spee' o# the Tra"e is 1; meter J minute. It
mo"es on its trac6 #rom one en' to other en'.
The stac6er rec aimer 'oes the #o o4in7 three #unctionsK
1. tra"e in7 =mo"ement in #or4ar' an' re"erse 'irection>
8. u##in7 =up an' 'o4n mo"ement>
$. s e4in7 = e#t an' ri7ht mo"ement>
The stac6er rec aimer a so has t4o cab e ree in7 'rums in 4hich the ree in7 action is
'one by e ectrica me'ium an' the unree in7 is 'one mechanica y. Great care has to be
ta6en 'urin7 this operation since any oop ho e can ea' to acci'enta resu ts. %urin7 the
stoc6in7 operation the coa #rom the crusher house is 'i"erte' to4ar's the stoc6yar'
con"eyor at a trans#er point. The abo"e con"eyor 'ischar7es coa to the boom con"eyor
&&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
52/54
throu7h a 'ischar7e chute. The boom con"eyor runnin7 in the #or4ar' 'irection creates
coa stac6s.
%urin7 rec aimin7D coa #rom the stoc6yar' #a s on the boom con"eyor 4ith the he p
o# buc6et 4hee an' the boom con"eyor 'urin7 this perio' rotates in the re"erse
'irection. The coa #rom the centra chute #a s on the con"eyor be ts use' #or trans#errin7
the coa #rom the stoc6yar'.
A& a tage*)
1. It can operate at #u oa' capacity in ba' 4eather.
8. It is pro'ucti"e at a times as no return +ourney is to be per#orme'.
The on y 'ra4bac6 is that it is e:pensi"e.
+! .Tra *(er To%er) - /ere the coa is sen' to the Tipper. Trans#er To4er is pro"i'e'4ith a coa samp er.
+ . T! er) - The Tipper is a three-4ay 'e"ice to #ee' the coa in Bun6er. It is
mo"eab e 'e"ice. It is mo"e on its trac6.
+ !.Bu 2er) - /ere the coa is co ecte' #rom the tipper an' store'. The capacity o#
the bun6er #or 3ta7e-I is &2;;*T 3ta7e-II is 20;;*T.
F. 'o+e 'pe4ial Motors O" CHP
1. Se#o &ar" Cru*,er ,ou*e $otor )-
&(; 6 P.F. ;.00
3upp y . 6V 0& rpm
9. Pr!$ar" Cru*,er ,ou*e $otor)-
0;; 6 P.F. ;.02
3upp y . 6V 0&8 rpm:. Sta#2er Re#la!$er)-
(.( 6 P.F. ;.0;
3upp y . 6V 5 ( rpm
;. Wago Tr! ler $otor)-
10( 6
3upp y &1( V
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
53/54
3upp y . 6V 1&2( rpm
=. /!'rat! g Fee&er $otor)-
&; 6 1&0; rpm
3upp y &1( V e##iciency 5$ E
$. Po?er an #istri/ution #iagra+s
'tage9I
Figure 1>. Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e I
'tage9II
&
-
8/9/2019 NTPC UCHAHAR Training Project
54/54
Figure 1 . Po4er 'istribution 'ia7ram o# C/P in sta7e II
I. CONC%U'ION
n comp etion o# my "ocationa trainin7 at NTPC Fero e Gan'hi Unchahar Therma
Po4er Pro+ectD I ha"e come to 6no4 about ho4 the "ery necessity o# our i"es no4a'ays
i.e ho4 e ectricity is 7enerate'. hat a processes are nee'e' to 7enerate an' run the
p ant on a 8&:0 basis.
NTPC Unchahar is one the p ants in In'ia to be un'er hi7hest oa' #actor #or the
ma:imum 'uration o# time an' that to operatin7 at hi7hest p ant e##iciencies. This p ant
is an e:amp e in terms o# 4or6in7 e##iciency an' mana7ement o# resources to a other
therma p ants in our country. The operatin7 p # o# the NTPC as compare' to the rest o#
country is the hi7hest 4ith 20.(&E the hi7hest since its inception.
The trainin7 7a"e me an opportunity to c ear my concepts #rom practica point o#