Volume 7, No. 12 • December 2014Volume 7, No. 12 • December 2014

4410 Fairway Boulevard • Wichita Falls, TX 76308 • P: 940.692.2211 • F: 940.692.2214www.nthba.com

Dates to Remember

• December 11, 2014 Annual Christmas Party• December 22-26, 2014 NTHBA Office Closed for Christmas• December 31, 2014 & January 1, 2015 NTHBA Office Closed for New Year’s• January 20-22, 2015 NAHB International Builders Show• March 4, 2015 TAB Rally Day• March 5 - 6, 2015 TAB Winter Board Meeting• March 15, 2015 Deadline for Parade of Homes Entries.• June 6-14, 2015 Parade of Homes.• July 28-31, 2015 TAB Summer Board Meetings• July 29-30, 2015 Sunbelt Builder Show (Grapevine, TX)

Congratulations members, you have made it possible for the NTHBA to exceed 100% of our HOMEPAC goal! Please help us to do the same with the NAHB’s BuildPAC. Our goal is $25.00 per member. If you would like to donate to BuildPAC, contact the NTHBA office at (940) 692-2211 or go online to www.nahb.org.

November was a busy month for the North Texas Home Builders Association, the Hall of Honor, TAB Fall Meetings, the Seminar on High Performance Homes & 2015 Energy Codes and Thanksgiving. By the way I hope you had a wonderful Thanksgiving Holiday. At our monthly general membership meeting we were privileged to induct two great friends of the NTHBA into the Housing Hall of Honor. Mary McKie and Dorothy Rhone both contributed to the success of the organization. They are both very deserving of this prestigious award. TAB Fall Board meetings were held November 13th & 14th In Austin. NTHBA was well represented at this meeting with many committee appointments given to our representatives. Topics of discussion were the 2015 Energy Codes, ETJ litigation, EPA issues, remote ICC Voting and transportation funding to name a few.

November 20th found the NTHBA hosting a dinner and seminar at Rick Belz’s Good Times Party Barn. The meal was sponsored by our friends from Atmos Energy. High Performance Homes and the 2015 Energy Code were the topics of the

seminar. The seminar was informational and well received by over 100 attendees. A special Thanks to Rick Belz, Sharon Tucker

From the Presidentand Teri Gibson for making this a success. Bobby Teague, Wichita Falls Building & Code Administrator/Asst. Director, spoke about the upcoming review and adoption of code changes including mechanical, plumbing, energy and residential building codes. Please contact Teri Gibson 692-2211 or email nthba.teri@gmail.com if you are interested in serving on one of the review committees. The NTHBA will be holding a builders meeting on December 2, 2014 at 5:30 P.M. at the NTHBA office on Fairway. The meetings topics will include a review of the recent city meeting, water issue and a TAB Fall Meeting review. Please RSVP to Teri by December 1, 2014. The Christmas Party is scheduled for December 11, 2014 at the Elk’s Lodge on Seymour Hwy. Please don’t forget to mark your calendars and bring an unwrapped toy for the Wichita Falls Fire Department Operation Santa.

From my Family to Yours Have a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

Best regards,John Harmon

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November was a busy month for the North Texas Home Builders Association, the Hall of Honor, TAB Fall Meetings, the Seminar on High Performance Homes & 2015 Energy Codes and Thanksgiving. By the way I hope you had a wonderful Thanksgiving Holiday. At our monthly general membership meeting we were privileged to induct two great friends of the NTHBA into the Housing Hall of Honor. Mary McKie and Dorothy Rhone both contributed to the success of the organization. They are both very deserving of this prestigious award. TAB Fall Board meetings were held November 13th & 14th In Austin. NTHBA was well represented at this meeting with many committee appointments given to our representatives. Topics of discussion were the 2015 Energy Codes, ETJ litigation, EPA issues, remote ICC Voting and transportation funding to name a few.

November 20th found the NTHBA hosting a dinner and seminar at Rick Belz’s Good Times Party Barn. The meal was sponsored by our friends from Atmos Energy. High Performance Homes and the 2015 Energy Code were the topics of the

seminar. The seminar was informational and well received by over 100 attendees. A special Thanks to Rick Belz, Sharon Tucker

From the Presidentand Teri Gibson for making this a success. Bobby Teague, Wichita Falls Building & Code Administrator/Asst. Director, spoke about the upcoming review and adoption of code changes including mechanical, plumbing, energy and residential building codes. Please contact Teri Gibson 692-2211 or email nthba.teri@gmail.com if you are interested in serving on one of the review committees. The NTHBA will be holding a builders meeting on December 2, 2014 at 5:30 P.M. at the NTHBA office on Fairway. The meetings topics will include a review of the recent city meeting, water issue and a TAB Fall Meeting review. Please RSVP to Teri by December 1, 2014. The Christmas Party is scheduled for December 11, 2014 at the Elk’s Lodge on Seymour Hwy. Please don’t forget to mark your calendars and bring an unwrapped toy for the Wichita Falls Fire Department Operation Santa.

From my Family to Yours Have a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

Best regards,John Harmon

Calendar of EventsMembership Meetings &...............................December 2, 2014Education Committee Meeting.....................................10:00AM

Builder Meeting...............................................December 2, 2014NTHBA Office....................................................................5:30PM

Christmas Party............................................December 11, 2014................................................................................................6:00PM

Board of Directors.......................................December 17, 2014Meeting...............................................................................11:00AM

Merry Christmas....................................December 22-26, 2014Office Closed.....................................................................................

Happy New Year’s Eve.................................December 31, 2014Office Closed.....................................................................................

Happy New Year....................................................Januray 1, 2015Office Closed.....................................................................................

2014 /2015Officers & Directors

President – John HarmonVice President – Eddie Holcomb

Associate Vice President – Tim SawyerTreasurer – Martin Litteken

Secretary – Randy Scha�nerImmediate Past President – Barney Brock

State Director - Jose GarciaAlternate State Director - Barney Brock

Life Director - Chuck Dennis

Executive Vice President - Teri Gibson

Builder DirectorsTroy Thompson 1yrSteven Hinson1yrDavid Bedingfield 2yrSteve Lane 2yr

Associate DirectorsSharon Tucker 1yr

Cindy David 2yr

December Birthdays

Happy Birthday!

Renewals

Thanks for Renewing!

Breegle Abbey Carpet & Floor........Bobby DiltzCarolyn Adams Homes...............Carolyn AdamsCorlett Probst & Boyd..................Dennis ProbstDennis Company Homes ............Steven HinsonDutch Watson Cabinets............Tommy JohnsonFidelity Bank .................................Lance CannedyFirst Bank...............................................Scott FlinnHarmon & Holcomb Homes........John HarmonRowland & Donnell Homes .....Bobby RowlandServiceMaster of WF...............................Don IrbyStan Mountain Construction.......Stan MountainState National Bank...................Jake MunhollandWoodco Supply........................Chuck Vergauwen

New MembersWelcome!

J S Homes & Contracting................Sean Snyder

Jake Munholland.....................................................5Luz Lerma................................................................6Ed Mawsom, Sr. ....................................................15Gina Kulbeth........................................................23Jerry Phillips..........................................................24O.W. Ayers............................................................26

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1300 Hatton RoadWichita Falls, TX 76301Phone: (940) 767-2506

Commercial/Residential Plumbing, Builder Sales, Appliances, Lighting

Fax: (940) 761-5563(888) 266-1387

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Meet Your MembersBARRY STONE CUSTOM HOMES, LLC -

Barry Stone Earns Designations - We congratulate one our newest builder members Barry Stone with Barry Stone Custom Homes of Decatur, Texas. Barry Stone has completed the education required and has been designated by the National Home Builders Association as a Certified Graduate Builder (CGB) as well as a Certified New Homes Sales Specialist (CSP). What an awesome accomplishment! Congratulations Barry!! We are happy to have you as a member of the North Texas Home Builders Association.

Barry Stone Custom Homes, LLC is the only Certified Graduate Builder recognized by the National Association of Home Builders in Wise County, TX.

Barry Stone is a Professional Building Designer, and member of the Texas Institute of Building Design as well as the American Institute of Building Design. Barry has over 30 years of Building Design and Building Construction experience. Barry Stone Custom Homes is a

2525 Kell Blvd., Suite 100Wichita Falls, TX 76308940.763.2100 (main line)940.763.2101 (fax)lcannedy@fidelitybankwf.com

Lance Cannedy

4

Two women who were active for many years in the North Texas Home Builders Association, Dorothy Rhone and Mary McKie, were honored Wednesday as the newest members in the Housing Hall of Honor at the association’s November membership luncheon. Mary McKie was executive vice president of the association from 1980 to 1996 and again from 2007 to 2010. “She was instrumental in growing the association and bringing cohesiveness and professionalism,” said Bobby Rowland in presenting the award. “She increased political involvement and added family social events to the calendar. You’ve heard it said that behind every great man, there is a great woman. Well, in Mary’s case, behind her was her husband, James, who was a huge supporter and who loved to cook at association events.” Rowland added, “Mary helped increase involvement with our adopted squadron, was instrumental in the creation of the Fire Safety House for the Wichita Falls Fire Department, and helped grow our involvement in Operation Santa Claus. “She was executive officer of the Home Owner’s Warranty for many years.” McKie also was active in the Texas Association of Builders (TAB) helping the state association care about the needs of smaller home builder associations.McKie was also behind creating the President’s Wall of Honor at the association office on Fairway. Prior to coming to Wichita Falls, McKie worked for the Tarrant County Home Builders Association. It was in that role that she met Madge Francis, who asked her to come to Wichita Falls when Francis retired as executive vice president of the NTHBA in 1980. Former association president Barney Brock presented Dorothy Rhone with her Housing Hall of Honor award. He noted that she was a teacher and a principal at the School for Listening Eyes for many years before joining her husband, Dave Rhone, in the home building business. She partnered with her husband to start Rhone Building Corporation in 1958. Together they built more than 400 homes and developed numerous neighborhoods including Expressway Village, Patriot Place, Canyon Trails, and Trophy Park. They also developed Rhone Village Shopping Center on Missile Road and the 216-unit North Park Village Apartments near Sheppard Air Force Base. Rhone was a founding member of the Women’s Auxiliary Board for the NTHBA in 1980. She has served the association as a director, treasurer, and vice president while also serving on numerous committees including the Parade of Homes Committee, the Golf Tournament Committee, the Scholarship Committee, and the Education Committee. It is easy to say that without the active involvement and influence of both Mary McKie and Dorothy Rhone, the North Texas Home Builders Association would not be the successful and active association that it is today. In other business, Harmon introduced the chairmen of the Membership Committee, Publications & Communications Committee, Young Professionals Council, Parade of Homes and Special Events Committee, and Government Affairs Committee to discuss committee business, keeping the membership informed on upcoming events. Among the announcements is that the 2015 Parade of Homes will be

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Dorothy Rhone, Mary McKie - Named to Housing Hall of Honor By Lee Grace

June 6-14, the annual Christmas Party will be Dec. 11 at the Elks Lodge, and that the seminar “Introduction to High Performance Homes and the New Energy Code” will be held at the Party Barn on Thursday, Nov. 20, with Atmos Energy providing a catfish dinner. The membership luncheon was held at the Kemp Center for the Arts and was catered by Twenty 11 Bistro.

Dorothy Rhone stands with her Housing Hall of Honor award presenter Barney Brock.

Mary McKie is shown with her Housing Hall of Honor award presenter Bobby Rowland.

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1 Thessalonians 5:17Pray without ceasing

Always Remember to pray for ourmembers, their families, their health andtheir businesses as well as our armedforces, our country, our leaders and RAIN.We ask for special prayer for Ben Sheltonfor healing.

Powerof

Prayer

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Rally Day 2015

TAB announced that over 99.5% of our HOMEPAC supported candidates won last the November 4th election. The Texas Senate is now made up of 20 Republicans and 11 Democrats, and the Texas House is now made up of 98 Republicans and 52 Democrats. Another great victory for HOMEPAC - Proposition 1 passed! Texans overwhelmingly voted to protect the prosperity and safety of our state. By passing Proposition 1, Texas is now on a course to fill the funding gap in our transportation budget while protecting our Rainy Day Fund. And voters have sent a powerful message to the Legislature that transportation is an issue Texans care about and expect our government to adequately fund. Please mark your calendars and plan to attend Rally Day 2015. If you would be interested in taking a bus with a group of NTHBA Members to Austin for Rally Day please contact the NTHBA office at 692-2211 or email nthba.teri@gmail.com. If there is enough interest we will put together a day trip for a reasonable cost or at no cost if we are able to find a sponsor for the trip.

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Congratulations Jose Garcia with Garnel Construction for your new Life Director status. Kudos to you for your 7 years of representing the North Texas Home Builders Association at the state level as a HOMEPAC Trustee, on the Government Affairs Committee and on the Multi-Family Homes

Committee as well as your overall attendance at the TAB Meetings and Sunbelt Builder’s Show. We appreciate you continued dedication to the North Texas Home Builders Association.

Member FDIC

Helping Build Our CommunityHelping Build Our CommunityHelping Build Our Community Since 1907Since 1907Since 1907

NTHBA Hosts Seminar

The North Texas Home Builders Association hosted a seminar on November 20, 2014 at The Good Times Party Barn compliments of NTHBA member Rick Belz. The evening began with a remarkable catfish dinner sponsored by Atmos Energy. The seminar was titled Introduction to High Performance Homes & 2015 Energy Codes. Professionals from various fields spoke. Bobby Teague, Wichita Falls Building & Code Administrator/Asst. Director spoke first and told the audience that before the city of Wichita Falls adopts the 2015 building codes they would be forming review committees that include mechanical, plumbing, energy and residential to go over the proposed changes. These committees would then report to the city their opinion on the adoption of the codes. Afterwards the city would decide whether to adopt the 2015 codes or not. When the decision is made and if they choose to adopt it, which they most likely will, it would then be 30 days before the codes would go into effect. Bobby mentioned it would be at least a 4 month, give or take process before the decision is made. The second speaker was John Dicken with Cardinal Glass. Since the seminar focus was on energy efficiency John spoke about Cardinal Glass’s newest product the LoĒ³-340 glass. This glass is unprecedented in a double-pane unit – no room-darkening tint required. With its SHGC of just 0.18, it greatly reduces oppressive solar heat gain. And wherever glare is a problem, LoĒ³-340 controls that as well. Then when cold weather rolls around, its low U-Factor reduces indoor heat loss. The result is year around comfort. Kevin McClain, the next speaker, with Dow explained how their insulation and air-sealing solutions can help you build homes that are even more comfortable, durable and energy-efficient. Kevin gave four Reasons why 2” x 4” framing with continuous STYROFOAM™ Brand Insulation on the exterior outperforms 2” x 6” with Housewrap and batt:

1. Thermal bridging: Leaving the studs uninsulated leaves an unbelievable 25% of the wall susceptible to heat loss and higher energy bills.2. Dew Point: STYROFOAM™ Brand Insulation helps protect the wall cavity from moisture. Moisture in the wall cavity can lead to health and structural issues like mold and decay.3. Reduced Home Size: A home with 2”x 6” framing reduces the usable space by as much as 15 sq. ft. when compared to a home built with 2” x 4” framing.4. Building Science Supports Continuous Insulation: Leading building scientists choose foam insulation over housewrap and wood sheathing. In conclusion Kevin said the overall benefits of Insulating and Air Sealing are: Comfort, indoor air quality and energy savings. Kevin mentioned that Dow is had partnered with Cobblestone Homes on a net zero home were as Vision Zero was born. More information

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NTHBA Member since 1972

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Veteran-Owned Business and a VA Registered Builder. We also work with the Texas Veterans Land Board (TVLB). At Barry Stone Custom Homes, LLC, customer satisfaction is of the utmost importance. We strive to incorporate the proven building methods that have stood the test of time with the best of the new technologies for our region. In this way we are able to make your home as energy efficient, comfortable, and healthy as possible. Every home we build, large and small, is very important to us, and each customer receives the same amount of personal attention. At Barry Stone Custom Homes we will walk you step by step through the building process to make your home building experience gratifying. We service all of Wise County and parts of Denton, Tarrant, Parker, Montague, and Jack Counties. Call Barry Stone Custom Homes to get started on your new home today! Barry: 940.393.8740 or Charlie: 214.803.2784 or email us at barrystonecustomhomes@gmail.com.

CHRI DOCKMA COMPANY2071 FM 171

Wichita Falls, Texas 76305Phone & Fax (940) 767-9710

Cell (940) 704-3471 Jerry Fillmon, Owner/Manager 940-782-3805

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Continued on pg 12

Always Remember to do Business with Association Members!BRYAN WAGGONER

3907 Kell Boulevar W Texas 76308(940) 691-3641

E-Mail bryanl@waggonercarpetone.com

Commercial ServicesJohn Thompson

Mike SharpRobert Masters

3301 Kell Blvd., Wichita Falls, TX 76308

Delinda DoddMortgage Team

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Always Remember to do Business with Association Members!BRYAN WAGGONER

3907 Kell Boulevar W Texas 76308

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522 Beverly DriveWichita Falls, Texas 76309 723-1436

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about Vision Zero can be found at http://www.invisionzerohome.com Justin Jones with Absolute Insulation expanded on the blown insulation mentioned by Kevin McClain and explained how it serves as a complete envelope. Therefore not allowing any air to seep in or escape from anywhere including around or through your studs. This is the most energy efficient way to insulate a home. Shane Fitzhenry with Ferguson- Veresh Energy explained the consumption within the residential sector currently represents a fifth of all energy consumption within the United States. As the number of new homes continues to grow and energy costs continue to rise, the necessity of building more energy efficient homes will become a more pressing need. Heating and Cooling accounts for nearly half of the energy consumption in a typical home so this represents an area where

proper design and construction practices are imperative. A proper load calculation according to ACCA's Manual J procedure is the first step in the design process. This calculation accounts for the factors that impact the heating and cooling load on the home including the homes location, size

Continued from page 7 and shape of the house, materials of construction, envelope tightness and internal loads. Once the load calculation is complete, the designer can then provide a number of different system options at a variety of efficiency and feature levels that are properly sized to meet the cooling and heating requirements of the house. Advances in technology in many of the products and methods of building a modern high performance home, including HVAC equipment, afford the homeowner the ability to have a comfortable, energy efficient, home year round.

The final speaker for the evening was James Rodriquez with FOX Energy Specialist. James spoke about the upcoming 2015 energy codes that may put requirements on builders to have every home built rated for energy efficiency with a rating of 50. James mentioned it may be difficult but not impossible for area builders to reach the HERS Rating of 50. Many builders have not ever had a home rated and are not familiar with energy ratings. Most homes that have been rated have a 70 rating. The implementation of

these ratings will require educating the builders more intensely on how to obtain these ratings. The seminar had a great turn out with over 100 in attendance to

Chamber Chatter November 12, 2014

Eagle Rail Car. Arrow Manufactured Products. Hunting Titan. Lone Star Milk Producers. Wichita Falls Recycling. FedEx Ground. The list of industrial expansions and recruited projects our City Council, 4A Board and economic development team have worked on over the last year is constantly growing. When the citizens of Wichita Falls approved the 4A economic development tax and created the 4A Board nearly 20 years ago, the goal was job creation. And these companies are doing just that, creating and retaining hundreds of high-paying jobs in our community. Now you can add two new developments to the 4A Board's portfolio. Last week the City Council approved funding for two new 4A projects: Lone Star Milk Transport and

Safety Design. Lone Star Milk Transport chose Wichita Falls over several other Texas communities, and Argentinian company Safety Design plans to move its corporate headquarters to Wichita Falls. These are the types of projects the 4A sales tax was created for, and we'll keep working to make sure this list grows longer and longer. Let's build something extraordinary!

Henry Florsheim President/CEO Henry@wichitafallschamber.com PS - Wichita Falls also has a 4B sales tax that can fund economic development, infrastructure and quality of life projects, and a great group of volunteers and city staff that handles its operations. We'll cover their work in a later edition.

Chamber Chatter November 12, 2014

Eagle Rail Car. Arrow Manufactured Products. Hunting Titan. Lone Star Milk Producers. Wichita Falls Recycling. FedEx Ground. The list of industrial expansions and recruited projects our City Council, 4A Board and economic development team have worked on over the last year is constantly growing. When the citizens of Wichita Falls approved the 4A economic development tax and created the 4A Board nearly 20 years ago, the goal was job creation. And these companies are doing just that, creating and retaining hundreds of high-paying jobs in our community. Now you can add two new developments to the 4A Board's portfolio. Last week the City Council approved funding for two new 4A projects: Lone Star Milk Transport and

Safety Design. Lone Star Milk Transport chose Wichita Falls over several other Texas communities, and Argentinian company Safety Design plans to move its corporate headquarters to Wichita Falls. These are the types of projects the 4A sales tax was created for, and we'll keep working to make sure this list grows longer and longer. Let's build something extraordinary!

Henry Florsheim President/CEO Henry@wichitafallschamber.com PS - Wichita Falls also has a 4B sales tax that can fund economic development, infrastructure and quality of life projects, and a great group of volunteers and city staff that handles its operations. We'll cover their work in a later edition.

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NORTH TEXAS HOME BUILDERS ASSN.

2015 Parade of Homes scheduled for June 6th thru 14th, 2015. Deadline for Parade Home Entries is March 1, 2015. Please watch your emails, the web site and the Reporter for more information.

Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign:The virgin will be with child and will give birth

to a son, and will call him Immanuel.

Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign:The virgin will be with child and will give birth

to a son, and will call him Immanuel.

Isaiah 7:14

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Martin Litteken, Jr., P.E.

2406 Kell BoulevardWichita Falls, Texas 76309-5326

Phone: (940) 322-6450 Fax: (940) 723-6006

learn more about building High Performance Homes & the 2014 Energy Codes. Thanks to all who helped make this seminar a success: Atmos Energy – Sharon Tucker, Keith Walker, Randy West, Alan Themes, Gabby Aquilar, Shawn Conner, Tyler Eaton, Austin Allen, Kailey Walker, Matt Walker, Builders Wholesale & Owner of the Good Times Party Barn – Rick & Christine Belz, Absolute Insulation – Justin Jones, Ferguson- Veresh – Shane Fitzhenry, Cardinal Glass – John Dicken & Chris Campbell, Dow – Kevin McClain, FOX Energy Specialist – James Rodriquez, NTHBA President John Harmon and all of those who took time from their Thursday evening to attend.

TAB Appointments:Barney Brock – By-Laws & Finance CommitteeEddie Holcomb – Code & Standards CommitteeJose Garcia – HOMEPAC, Multi-Family & Life DirectorJohn Harmon – Executive Committee, Water Task Force & Energy Task Force

Continued from page 9

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Never Take for Granted, Never Forget, Thank You and God Bless You

In Honor and Memory to the fathers and sons, mothers and daughters who have served so we can be free. Never take for granted, never forget…

Military Conflicts in U.S. HistoryAmerican Revolution (1775–1783) Great Britain forced its 13 American colonies to pay taxes but did not give them representation in the British Parliament. This and other injustices led the colonies to declare independence on July 4, 1776. Independence was achieved in 1783, when the Treaty of Paris was signed with Britain.War of 1812 (1812–1815) British interference with American trade, impressment of American seamen, and “war hawks” in Congress calling for western expansion into British territory led to war. At the war's conclusion, trade issues remained unresolved, but Britain gave up some of its territorial claims on the continent.Mexican War (1846–1848) The U.S. annexation of Texas, and its stated desire to acquire California and other Mexican territory, precipitated this war. Mexico was forced to give up two-fifths of its territory. This land eventually became the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah.Civil War (1861–1865) Economic and political rivalry between an agrarian South and an industrial North grew into a civil war fought over slavery and states' rights. Eleven states seceded from the Union to form the Confederate States of America. The Union victory led to the reunification of the country and ended slavery.Indian Wars (colonial era to 1890) U.S. expansionism led to numerous military conflicts with the indigenous inhabitants of North America, forcing them to give up their land. The massacre at Wounded Knee, S.D., in 1890 is generally considered the last of these conflicts.Spanish American War (1898) The U.S. supported Cuba's desire for independence from Spanish rule, and seized the opportunity to expand U.S. powers in other parts of the world. At the end of the brief conflict, Cuba gained its independence, and the U.S. gained several former Spanish territories: Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.World War I (1914–1918) Rivalries over power, territory, and wealth led to the “Great War.” In 1917, the U.S. joined the Allies (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and Japan), who were at war with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey), after German submarines began sinking unarmed ships.World War II (1939–1945) The Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—attempted to dominate the world. The Allies (U.S., Britain, France, USSR, and others) fought to stop them. The United States entered the war in 1941, after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor. Germany surrendered in 1945, and Japan surrendered later that same year, after the U.S. dropped the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.Korean War (1950–1953) Communist North Korea, supported by China, invaded non-communist South Korea. UN forces, principally made up of U.S. troops, fought successfully to protect South Korea. The Korean War was the first armed conflict in the global struggle between democracy and communism, called the cold war.Bay of Pigs (1961) The U.S. orchestrated the invasion, an unsuccessful attempt by Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro's communist regime in Cuba.Vietnam War (1961–1973) In 1955, communist North Vietnam invaded non-communist South Vietnam in an attempt to unify the country and impose communist rule. The United States joined the war on the side of South Vietnam in 1961, but withdrew combat troops in 1973. In 1975 North Vietnam succeeded in taking control of South Vietnam.Dominican Republic (1965) President Lyndon Johnson sent marines and troops to quash a leftist uprising in the Dominican Republic, fearing the island nation would follow in the footsteps of Cuba and turn communist.Lebanon (1982–1984) U.S. troops formed part of a multinational peacekeeping force to help the fragile Lebanese government maintain power.Grenada (1983) President Reagan invaded the Caribbean nation of Grenada to overthrow its socialist government, which had close ties with Cuba.Panama (1989) President George H.W. Bush invaded Panama and overthrew Panamanian dictator and drug-smuggler Manuel Noriega.Gulf War (1991) Iraq invaded Kuwait, and a U.S.-led multinational force came to Kuwait's aid and expelled Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein's forces.Somalia (1993) A U.S.-led multinational force attempted to restore order to war-torn Somalia so that food could be delivered and distributed within the famine-stricken country.Bosnia (1994–1995) During the Bosnian civil war, which began shortly after the country declared independence in 1992, the U.S. launched air strikes on Bosnia to prevent “ethnic cleansing,” primarily by Serbs against Bosnians. The U.S. became a part of NATO's peacekeeping force in the region.Kosovo (1999) Yugoslavia's province of Kosovo erupted into violence in the spring of 1999. A U.S.-led NATO force intervened with air strikes after Slobodan Milosevic's Serbian forces uprooted the population and embarked on the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo's ethnic Albanian population.Global War on Terror (2001– ) In the immediate aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, President George Bush launched the Global War on Terrorism—which has become the longest period of continuous war in U.S. history. The United Kingdom, several NATO countries, and other nations have participated to eliminate al-Qada and other militants groups.Afghanistan (2001– ) The Taliban government harbored Osama bin Laden and the al-Qaeda terrorist group, responsible for the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the United States. After Afghanistan refused to turn over Bin Laden, the U.S. and UN coalition forces invaded. The Taliban government was ousted and many terrorist camps in Afghanistan were destroyed. U.S. and NATO troops remain in Afghanistan to support its fragile new government.Iraq War (2003–2010) The U.S. and Great Britain invaded and toppled the government of dictator Saddam Hussein. Troops remain in Iraq to combat the insurgency that formed after Hussein's defeat.