Nrz, Rz, Crz and Csrz Modulation

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Ngy 23 thng 6 nm 2014 NRZ, RZ, CRZ and CSRZ Modulation

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RSoft Application Gallery:NRZ, RZ, CRZ and CSRZ Modulation

Tools Used: OptSim

In this example we dem onstrate two most used modulation formats in optical communications - nonreturn-to-zero

(NRZ) and return -to-zero (RZ) - as well as two additional variants of RZ format chirped RZ (CRZ) and carrier-

suppress ed RZ (CSRZ). The setup is shown below:

Each link consists of PRBS generator, transmitter, optical filter, attenuator, receiver, and BER tester. Transmitters

represented as compound components blocks, i.e. combination of blocks. For example, NRZ transmitter combines

CW Laser source, Electrical signal generator (NRZ driver), external Mach-Zehnder modulator, and attenuator. The

following parameters of transmitter can be set: power, wavelength, extinction ration, rise/fall time, RIN, etc. In case of

RZ transmitter the electrical signal generator generate RZ signal with rais ed cosine shape and given duty cycle. In

CRZ transmitter we add a chirp to RZ optical by applying a phase modulation. And finally in case of CSRZ transmitter

the RZ optical signal after Mach-Zehnder modulator goes through phas e modula tor driven by analog s ine wave

generator at frequency equal to half of the bit rate. That will introduce a pi phase shift between any two adjacent bits

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and the spectrum will be modified such that the central peak at the carrier frequency is s uppressed.

Figure below shows transmitter optical spectrum for different modulation formats. One can observe the central peak

suppress ion in case of CSRZ.

Figure below gives corresponding s ignal waveforms. In case of NRZ format, the optical puls e representing each 1 bit

occupies the entire bit sl ot and does not drop to zero between two or more s uccessive 1 bits. In the RZ format, each

optical pulse representing 1 bit is chosen to be shorter than the bit slot, and its ampl itude returns to zero before the bit

duration is over. The ratio of the pulse width to bit duration is referred to as the duty cycle of the RZ bit stream.

Finally, figure below shows receiver eye diagrams for each of modulation formats.

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Nrz, Rz, Crz and Csrz Modulation

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