NRHM Final Research
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Transcript of NRHM Final Research
STUDY ON NRHM (NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH
MISSION) POLICY AND LACKING IN ITS
IMPLEMENTATION
Submitted By
SUPRIYA TRIPATHI
Enrollment number - A7528713065
BJ & MC -3rd Semester
Under Guidance of
Ms. Areena Zainub Mirza
ASCO Lucknow
AMITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION
AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW CAMPUS
ABSTRACT –
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) seeks to provide effective healthcare to rural and urban
population throughout the state with special focus on the backward districts with weak human
development and health indicators especially among the poor and marginalized groups like
women and the vulnerable sections of the society. The goal of NRHM is to improve the
availability and access to quality health care by people, especially for those residing in rural
areas, the poor women and children.
Some principles of NRHM are to provide effective healthcare to especially women and children
in Rural and Urban areas, which have weak indicators. This similarly means to raise access,
equity, accountability, quality and effectiveness of public health services and
Decentralized Management at District level and effective amalgamation of health programs
It aims to emphasize the involvement of Panchayati Raj Institution as well as the community in
management of primary health programs.
NRHM gyrate around some determinants of health like, Sanitation and Hygiene, Safe drinking
water, Nutrition, Gender and Social concerns.
Government spent lot of money for these policies but it is not mention anywhere about all the
lacking behind implementation of their policies. If Government releases a new policy for the
welfare of women and new born baby then how much does it implemented in the particular rural
area is the big question. How much the people of village are immunized, Does Pregnant ladies
know about the ‘Janani Surkasha Yojana’(JSY) which is basically all about to promote
Institutional Delivery. Does they are aware about ‘Swachta Samity’ in which government
promote clean and healthy environment. For this government spent a large amount of money. In
this policy, Gram Pradhan and ANM (Auxillary Nurse Midwives) has a joint account which is
basically for the cleaning of the village. The study through survey analysis attempts to analyze
effectiveness of the government policies in Rural and Urban areas. The study will be significant
in exploring the impact of such policies in Rural and Urban areas it could help to find out the
reason behind lacking in its implementation.
KEYWORDS- Government, Effective, Policies, Implementation, Immunization.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As a part of our course curriculum, I had to make a project report on the NRHM (National Rural
Health Mission) Policy and lacking in its implementation
to get the right exposure to the practical aspects of Journalism & Mass Communication.
I extend my heartiest thanks to everybody who helped me through the successful completion of
my project, which has been a great source of learning and experience for me.
I am also indebted to my teachers, my guide Ms.Areena Zainub Mirza, my family and friends for
their valuable support guidance in carrying out this study.
Student’s Signature
Name- SUPRIYA TRIPATHI
Date:
CERTIFICATE BY PROJECT GUIDE
Certified that the project Name of the Project is prepared by Name of the
Student, student of MJ&MC/BJ&MC (Semester), AMITY SCHOOL OF
COMMUNICATION, in partial fulfillment of award of degree of
Masters/Bachelors of Journalism and Mass Communication from AMITY
UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS.
FACULTY GUIDE
Name
Designation
Amity School of Communication
DIRECTOR
S. M. Johri
Professor-Director
Amity School of Communication
Date:
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Project Design
3. Literature Review
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion/Result
6. References / Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
The National Rural Health Mission is a major bellwether program of the government in
the health & hygiene sector, It aims at comprehensive health and improved access to quality
health care for those residing in rural areas, particularly women, children and the poor by
promoting, Decentralization and encouraging community ownership in health
programs.
NRHM is primarily a financing mechanism for strengthening the public health system in the
states. NRHM design recognizes that beyond this increased investment, improved governance,
Institutional reform and innovation are essential, and these cannot be ensured by NRHM alone.
NRHM enabled a flexible program and budgetary environment which in turn stimulated state
governments to pilot innovations in health systems delivery.
NRHM has played a major role by strengthening health facilities to provide services
by adding over one lakh human resources, improving infrastructure, by increasing
availability of equipment and essential supplies and by promoting demand through
community level processes.
Four major innovations have contributed to the reduction in maternal mortality.
These include the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) for promoting institutional delivery,
the “Dial 108” Ambulance System, to address the issue of emergency transport, the
multi skilling of non specialist medical officers to address the lack of specialist skills for
the provision of emergency obstetric care and the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
(JSSK) is to reduce the financial barriers of access to care.
The objective of this study is to get a ratio about the money expend by the government for the
welfare of women, children and society. The Study is to calculate it in a higher pace, that is it
just become the medium to earn money for the health and Hygiene department or do they follow
up the guidelines given by the government for the welfare of the society.
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Like for an example, if a lady know about the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) then it is also very
much necessary to know about the mature gap between two children for the better health of
mother. The relatively small enabling report is the sum given as part of JSY would significantly
influence women families to have repeated pregnancies, just to earn some money.
This directly influences the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and
lastly Total Fertility Rate (TFR).
Bringing families into contact with the health system increases their confidence in child survival
and helps to empower and motivate women for family planning. There is however a problem in
service provision of contraceptive services as there is a mismatch between the rate of
growth of skilled service providers and the utilization of services.
PROJECT DESIGN –
The research methodology used in this Survey is the Questionnaire method.
Survey was conducted to examine the impact of NRHM Policies in Rural and Urban Areas and
its related implementation. To analyze the opinion and reaction towards the same, the general
public from Rural and Urban areas of Bulandshahr were selected. The sample size was of 100
respondents drawn through random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of close ended
question which focused on gauging opinion of Rural and Urban living people for the different
government policies.
The questionnaire consist 21 questions, some with appropriate options. There are 5 questions for
Demographic Details and remaining from the existing topic. The questionnaire is as following –
प्रश्नमा�ला�1-ना�मा
2- पि�ता� / �पिता/ �त्ना� का� ना�मा
3- उम्र 2/12
4- लिंला�ग
5- ग्रा�मा�ण / शहरी�- खं�ड
6- पि���पिहता / अपि���पिहता
7- आ�का� श�दी� का औसता उम्र �ता� ह#
a-18b-21c- 16
8- क्या� आ� मा�ता&त्� का औसता उम्र जा�नाता( ह�
a- ह��b- - नाह)c- - �ता� नाह�
9- पिकाताना( बच्चे( ता,म्ह�री( ��स ह#
10 - प्रस� काह�. हुआ था�a- अस्पता�लाb- घरीc- ला�ग3 नाह)
11- गर्भा�5�स्था� का( दी7री�ना प्रपितारीक्षण हुआ
a- ह��b- नाह)c- ला�ग3 नाह)
3/12
12- प्रपितारीक्षण टी�का� ना�मा क्या� ह#
a- टी�टी� 1b- टी�टी� 2c- �ता� नाह)d- ला�ग3 नाह)
13- आयारीना फो�लिलाका एलिसड का दी�� मिमाला� था�
a- ह��b-नाह)c- ला�ग3 नाह)
14- आ� जानाना� स,रीक्ष� या�जाना� का( ब�री( मा> का, छ जा�नाता( ह�
a- ह��b- नाह)c- �ता� नाह)
15- प्रस� का( ब�दी �#स� मिमाला� था�
a- ह��b-नाह)c- ला�ग3 नाह)
16- पिकाताना� धना मिमाला� था�
a-1000b-1400c- ला�ग3 नाह)
17- आ� सबला� सला�ना� या�जाना� का( ब�री( मा> का, छ जा�नाता( ह�
a- ह��b- नाह)
c- �ता� नाह) 4/12
18- क्या� आ�का( बच्चे( का� सर्भा� टी�का�कारीण हुआ ह#
a- ह��
b- नाह)
c- �ता� नाह)
19- आ� स्�च्छता� समिमापिता या�जाना� का( ब�री( मा> का, छ जा�नाता( ह�
a- ह��
b- नाह)
c- �ता� नाह)
20- आ� स्ताना��ना का( प्रका�री जा�नाता( ह�
a- ह��
b- नाह)
c- �ता� नाह�
21- आ� पिकाताना( बच्चे( का� स,खं� �रिरी��री का( लिलाए �या�5प्ता समाझता( ह�
a-2b-4c- 6d-
LITERATURE REVIEW –
People of Rural and Urban areas think that the government policies needs to be much more
effective to serve a valuable role in developing an organization and enhancing a organization’s
merciless position ability according to research survey analysis.
5/12
Strengthen capacity for district planning and decentralized governance in health by more
responsive resource allocation strategies, and better capacities for district level planning and
management and Build up the capacity at the district level for providing advanced secondary and
tertiary care services in all basic specialists, in acting as a training and education center for
paramedical, nurses and mid-level care providers, and for purposes of planning and knowledge
management are some major topic for consideration.
Research has also found an impact of these policies which helps the people to reposition the
organizations and its relatively changing policies very effectively. The impact of these policies
has also been found to generate a positive impact on the economic return of the country and it
also help to generate the awareness among all of them.
The review of literature suggests that the government policies and its related awareness have
impact on the Rural and Urban people behaviors.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS –
The serious issue which create clash between the Objective of NRHM Goal is lack of education
or Illiteracy and Lack of Community ownership. Following is the result shown in the Pie Chart
to exaggerate the same.
1- आ�का� श�दी� का औसता उम्र �ता� ह#
Sales182116
Majority of respondents (35%) were of opinion that they think the appropriate age of marriage is 16 years. Other 20% thinks that 21 years is average age and the remaining 45 % people think that 18 years is the proper age for a girl to get married.
6/12
2 - क्या� आ� मा�ता&त्� का औसता उम्र जा�नाता( ह�
SalesYesNo 30Don't Knw 45
Majority of people 45 % do not know the average age to become mother, 30% admitted that they know but unfortunately they cannot give correct answer and the remaining 25% were right and they know the average age to be pregnant.
3- प्रस� काह�. हुआ था�
SalesHospitalHomeOther
Majority of respondents 75 % admit that they have institutional Delivery, 20 % in Home and remaining 5 % others.
4- गर्भा�5�स्था� का( दी7री�ना प्रपितारीक्षण हुआ
SalesYes
No
Not Ap-plicable
Majority of respondents 65% agree that they go through all the immunization through pregnancy, 10% not get proper care and the remaining 25% is not applicable
question. 7/12
5- प्रपितारीक्षण टी�का� ना�मा क्या� ह#
SalesTT 1stTT 2ndDnt KnwNot applicable
Majority of respondents 39% TT 1st, 25% TT 2nd, 20% Don’t Know and 16% not applicable.
6- आयारीना फो�लिलाका एलिसड का दी�� मिमाला� था�
SalesYesNoNot applicable
Majority of respondent (75%) agree that they got the Iron doses from the hospitals during their pregnancy, 20% admit that they do not get and the remaining 5% where not applicable for this question.
7- आ� जानाना� स,रीक्ष� या�जाना� का( ब�री( मा> का, छ जा�नाता( ह�
SalesYesNoDon't Know
Majority of respondents (65%) admit that they know about the JSY, other 25% agree that they do not have any knowledge about the same and the remaining do not know it particularly.
8/12
8- प्रस� का( ब�दी �#स� मिमाला� था�
SalesYesNoNot applicable
Majority of respondent (79%) agree that they receive the amount of money from the hospitals, rest 13% admit that they do not get any money and the remaining 8% were not eligible to answer this question.
9- पिकाताना� धना मिमाला� था�
Sales 14001000Not applicable
Majority of respondent 45% get 1400 as they belong to rural area, 35% get 1000 as those women belongs to urban area and remaining 20% were not eligible for this question.
10- आ� सबला� सला�ना� या�जाना� का( ब�री( मा> का, छ जा�नाता( ह�
SalesYesNoDon't know
Majority of people 69% know about SSY, 23% do not know about this policy and the remaining 8 have no knowledge about this as they are not totally aware.
9/12
11- क्या� आ�का( बच्चे( का� सर्भा� टी�का�कारीण हुआ ह#
SalesYesNoNot applicable
55% agree that their child is fully immunized,30% were not able to do so and the remaining were not eligible to answer this question.
12- आ� स्�च्छता� समिमापिता या�जाना� का( ब�री( मा> का, छ जा�नाता( ह�
SalesYes No
Majority of respondents 52% agree that they know about SSY but the remaining 48% were not fully aware about the same.
13- आ� स्ताना��ना का( प्रका�री जा�नाता( ह�
SalesYesNo
Majority of respondents 59% do not know the types of breast Feeding and the remaining 41 % know about the two types of feeding.
10/12
14- आ� पिकाताना( बच्चे( का� स,खं� �रिरी��री का( लिलाए �या�5प्ता समाझता( ह�
Sales246
Majority of people 49% admit that in their opinion 4 child can be the average number for the happy family,33% admit 2 child and the remaining 18% mark 6 child for the same.
This survey lead to an inevitable result, as it show the ratio of unaware people in Rural and Urban areas and give a rough ratio about how much does the policies being implemented in the high risk areas.
CONCLUSION –
As per the NRHM goal, they focus on the issue of Healthy Mother and Healthy Child. So, the journey of a Healthy Mother starts from the Adolescence age where it is very much necessary to have proper Health and Hygiene knowledge and in the series proper Nutritious meal related information etc. But, I acknowledge that they are not fully aware about the situations related with their Health and Care. So, they need to be fully sensitized and mobilize by the government. I concluded that to attach community emotionally and mentally, the system of Road Show (Nukad Natak) can work extremely well. As, people get aware and sensitized through Entertainment. I also analyze that for much better result simultaneously Community Ownership is also very much important, as if they are willing to have the services even then they could be properly sensitized and mobilized. And for this particular process, if a Community Influencer support the program then it can lead to better community ownership.
11/12
Through the research I analyze that the serious issue which create clash between the objective of NRHM goal is lack of education or illiteracy and Lack of Community ownership. It is also very much important for the organization to do such programs like Nukad Natak, according to the community which can affect the masses emotionally. NRHM employees must also get proper Training & Orientation, as it is also very much necessary for the technical staff to do follow up of Vaccination through Four key messages as per the NRHM Guideline, with this method Parents could know about the vaccines and related reactions.
REFRENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY –
NRHM Eleventh Five year plan from the official site, nrhm.gov.in
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