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NUCLEAR REACTORS
PRESENTED BY:ANUPAM SINGH
K GOURI SHANKAR
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION NUCLEAR REACTION NUCLEAR REACTOR NUCLEAR REACTOR COMPONENTS TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS GENERATIONS OF NUCLEAR REACTORS NUCLEAR REACTORS IN INDIA
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NUCLEAR REACTION
A process in which the structure and energy content of an atomic nucleus is changed by interaction with another nucleus or particle .
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FISSION REACTION
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FUSION REACTION
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NUCLEAR REACTOR
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NEUCLEAR REACTOR-MAIN PARTS
REACTOR VESSEL REACTOR CORE FUEL MODERATOR CONTROL RODS COOLANT REFLECTORS SHIELDING
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TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR
MAGNOX(BASIC GAS COOLED REACTOR) AGR(ADVANCED GAS COOLED REACTORS) PWR(PRESSURISED WATER REACTOR) BWR(BOILING WATER REACTOR) FBR(FAST BREEDER REACTOR) CANDU(PRESSURISED HEAVY WATER
REACTOR) RBMK(WATER COOLED GRAPHITE
MODERATED)
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MAGNOX REACTOR
FUEL-0.7% (natural uranium metal) & magnesium alloy cladding.
MODERATOR- Graphite COOLANT-Carbon Dioxide Outlet Temperature-360 degree Celsius Pressure-300psia Efficiency-31%
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MAGNOX
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AGR REACTOR
FUEL-uranium dioxide enriched to 2.3% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Stainless steel cladding. MODERATOR- Graphite COOLANT-Carbon Dioxide Outlet Temperature- 650 degree celsius Pressure- 600psia Efficiency- 42%
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AGR
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PWR REACTOR
FUEL-uranium dioxide enriched to 3.2% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium alloy cladding. MODERATOR- light water COOLANT- light water Outlet Temperature- 317 degree celsius Pressure- 2235psia Efficiency- 32%
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PWR
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FAST BREEDER REACTOR
FUEL-NATURAL URANIUM
MODERATOR-NONE
COOLANT-LIQUID SODIUM PLUTONIUM IS PRODUCED DURING NUCLEAR
REACTION
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FBR
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BWR REACTOR
FUEL-uranium dioxide enriched to 2.4% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium alloy cladding.
MODERATOR- Light Water
COOLANT- Light Water
Outlet Temperature- 286 degree celsius
Pressure- 1050psia
Efficiency- 32%
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BWR
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CANDU REACTOR
FUEL-Un- enriched uranium dioxide to 0.7% natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium Alloy cladding.
MODERATOR- heavy water
COOLANT- heavy Water
Outlet Temperature- 305 degree celsius
Pressure- 1285psia
Efficiency- 30%
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CANDU(CANADIAN DEUTERIUM URANIUM)
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RBMK REACTOR
FUEL- uranium dioxide enriched to 1.8 % natural uranium.
CLADDING- Zirconium Alloy cladding. MODERATOR- Graphite COOLANT- Light Water Outlet Temperature- 284 Pressure- 1000psia Efficiency- 31%
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RBMK(LIGHT WATER GRAPHITE REACTOR)
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REACTOR GENERATIONS
Gen I Prototypes in 50’s & 60’s
Gen II 70’s & 80’s Today’s Operational
Reactors BWR, PWR, CANDU, …
Gen III ABWR, APWR Approved 90’s Some Built around the
World
Gen III+ Current Advanced Designs
in the Approval Process Pebble Bed Reactor
Gen IV Deploy in 2030 Economical Safe Minimize Waste Reduce Proliferation
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NUCLEAR PROGRAM: PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA
18 PHWR & 2 BWR now under operation 4 PHWR and 2 LWR under commission 6730 MW generation & 4300 MW under
commission Successful experiments with Fast Breeder Test
Reactor (FBTR) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for
500MWe under construction Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) using
(Pu-Th) for 300MWe: advanced stage of design approval; construction soon to begin.
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RESEARCH REACTORS IN INDIA
Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay Apsara reactor – 1 MWT, pool type, light water moderated, enriched
uranium fuel supplied by France CIRUS reactor – 40 MWT, supplied by Canada, heavy water
moderated, uses natural uranium fuel Dhruva reactor – 100 MWT, heavy water moderated, uses natural
uranium fuel Indira Gandhi for Atomic Research Center
(IGCAR)– Kalpakkam PFBR – 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor under
construction. Expected completion 2013. FBTR – 40 MWT Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium
and uranium) carbide fuel KAMINI –30 kWT, uses U-233 fuel
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THANK YOU