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1Jl1'i¢1:{]~qm~ ~ I

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL STANDARDS

The Physico-Mechanical Standards Division is one of seven R&D Division of National PhysicalLaboratory, India. The division constitutes of mechanical measurement activities involving theparameters of

1. Mass, Volume, Density andViscosity Standards

2. Length and Dimension Standards

3. Temperature and Humidity Standards

4. Optical Radiation Standard (visible infraredandultraviolet regions)

5. Force, Torque and Hardness Standards

6. Pressure andVacuum Standards

7. Acoustic Standards

8. Fluid Flow Standards (Water medium only)

9. Ultrasonic Standards

10. Shock andVibration Sensors

The divisionis responsible to establish, maintain and continually upgrade the National Standards ofMeasurements related to above said activities and disseminate the standards by providing the apex levelcalibration services to the industry and institutions of the country and thus ensures the traceability tomeasurements made by these.

The calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) ofall the activities engaged in measurementand calibration have been peer-reviewed by Technical experts of leading NMIs in the world. NPL hasthus met the requirements ofMutual RecognitionArrangement (MRA) ofBIPM ofwhich NPL, India isthe signatory. As a result, the CMCs of the above said activities are available on BIPM website(www.bipm.org) and the calibration certificates issued by these activities ofNPL are acceptable worldover.

The activities regularly participate in international inter-comparison organized/coordinated byBIPM and or APMP (Asia Pacific Metrology Program) / RMOs (Regional Metrology Organization ofAsian region) regularly.

In 2006-07 various activities of the division successfully participated in four intercomparison,issued 2267 calibration reports to industries, institutions, organisations and accreditated laboratories,provided consultancy to nine private/public entrepreneur in solving the metrology related problems,seven training programs in various parameters were organized contributing to the development ofskilled manpower in the field ofmetrology in the country.

The division published 27 articles in Journals and presented 52 papers in National and Internationalconferences, delivered 4linvited talks and helped in disseminating the knowledge acquired by them inthe field ofmetrology, quality system and setting up ofcalibration laboratories.

Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) of Acoustic Standards were peer-reviewed bytechnical experts from NMIA, Australia. The CMCs are being scrutinized by APMP Secretariat andrespective Technical Committee Chairmen as per guidelines laid down by CIPM-MRA before CMCsare placed onAppendix 'e' ofBIPM website.

The scientists of this division are the Lead and Technical Assessors for National AccreditationBoard for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), a Govt. body for accreditation of theCalibration and Testing Laboratories in India which is developing the network ofNational MeasurementSystem. The scientists have helped NABL in assessing technical capabilities ofseveral laboratories.

Mass, Length, Pressure and Temperature activities ofthe group have organized proficiency testingprogram in assessing the technical competence ofNABL accredited calibration laboratories. NPL havethus been providing scientific and technical support to NABL in strengthening the NationalMeasurements Systemin the country.

Two scientists ofthis division have been elected as Chairperson ofAPMP Technical Committees.The scientists of this division are nominated Members/Chairmen ofvarious Sectional Committees ofBIS (Bureau ofIndian Standards), New Delhi and have been providing technical and scientific inputs toBIS for deciding the requirements for formulating the various Indian Standards related to Metrology andother areas.

APMP-TCJ\.I

a '. nda d

fjAN UAl REPO 1-2006--2007

method as no contact is required with thesurface. Experimental results demonstratedgood correlation between the received signalparameters and the root mean square value ofsurface roughness. A range of roughness up to1O!-lm was detected with a resolution of0.01 !-lm.

The system for image acquisition isdeveloped around National Instruments ImageAcquisition Card, PCI 1408, installed on thecomputer. A monochrome image with amaximum transfer rate of 132 Mbytes/sec on32 bit wide bus is grabbed. Image grabbingwindow is configured to acquire the image size640 x 480 pixels and pixel depth of 8 bits. Theimage is transferred from the camera to thecomputer at a rate of 30 frames per second.Roughness standard under study wasilluminated from two different angles. Theimage was recorded by Pulnix TMC-76 CCDcamera and image acquisition system. Theimage was stored in the two dimensional arrayasshown in Fig. 1. 1(a) andFig.1.1 (b).

Discrete wavelet transform is used toanalyze the acquired image. The two­dimensional wavelet transform decomposes theimage in horizontal, vertical, and diagonalcomponents at different level of intensitiescontaining roughness information. The

tandardsLee gth and Dimensio

APMP-TCM accepted the NPL proposalfor international intercomparison in Massmeasurement among SAARC Countries andincluded it in Appendix B of BIPM Databasewith the IdentificationasAPMP.M.M.Sl.

NPL-NABL Proficic11cJ-' Testing Program

Length and Dimension standard realizesdefinition of SI Unit 'metre' and maintains apexlevel standards and disseminates traceability byway of calibration. Development work onenhancement of resolution for Autocollimatorhas been carried out and filing of patent in thisregard is in process. It has wide applications interms of calibration of polygon &autocollimators with improveduncertainty.

A new approach of Surface Roughnessmeasurement using optical method and imageprocessing has been developed. It has anadvantage over traditional tracing type ofstylus

APMP. ;[.1(2 IlltcrcomparisOll

The work related to the coordination andmonitoring of the APMP.M.M.K2intercomparison in mass was continued duringthe year, the NPL being the pilot laboratory. Aset ofMass Standards from NPL (10 kg, 500 g,20 g, 2 g, 100 mg) are in circulation among theparticipating laboratories.

The preparatory work as coordinator andreference laboratory for NPL-NABLProficiency Testing Program (Phase-III) inMass Measurements in which 20 calibrationlaboratories are participating, was carried out.The artifact to be used for this intercomparisonwas procured and a revised protocol has beenprepared. The comparison will be started soon.

•

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL STANDARDS

~UA REPO T-2oo6-2007

t '10 J ,it

Fig. 1.1 (b) : Analyzed image of roughnessstandard sample

processing is done through Labview 5.1software and Matlab 5.2. Standard roughnesssample is analysed by using machine visionsystem and Symlet wavelet transform. Objectcoordinates were generated by applying thespace intersection theory, where conjugatepoints are resulted by matching, and exteriororientation elements are obtained by thecalibrationprocess ofsystematic error.

In order to evaluate measurement­processing capability of the proposed systemresultant values of a CCD camera werecompared with the resultant values of surfaceroughness obtained by using standard contacttype surface roughness measuring instrumentperthometermodel S6P.

To keep equivalence of standards to otherNational Metrology Institutes, the sectionparticipates in international intercomparisions.This year the section participated in severalcompansons:

APMP LKl: Gauge Block Measurement:10 Gauge Blocks (0.5, 1.01, 1.1, 6, 7, 8,15, 80, 90, 100 mm) were calibratedinterferometrically. The results have beensubmitted to the Pilot lab which is NMIJ, Japan.The final report is awaited.

APMP LK 5: Step Gauge 620 mmMeasurement: One step gauge oflength 620 mmwas measured by substitution method. NineNMIs are participating in this comparison andKRISS Korea was the Pilot lab. Results of themeasurements have been submitted to the Pilotlab. The final report is awaited.

APMP LK 3: FourAngle Gauge Blocks andone polygon Measurement: 4 Angle GaugeBlocks of size 5", 5\ 30', 5° and one 12 facepolygon were calibrated using autocollimatorand index table. Thirteen laboratories areparticipating. It is expected that all thelaboratories will be able to complete themeasurements by December 2007. NationalMetrology Laboratory CSIR South Africa is thepilot lab.

The Coordinate Measuring Machine wasupgraded under network project. Now thismachine is equipped with the windows basedsoftware, which offers ease of CNCprogramming and curve measurement. Theperformance evaluation of machine iscompleted. The calibration & measurementsservices were provided to clients from industriesand other organizations and 532 calibrationreports were issued.

roll i C}' 1 of g rogrAJJL)

ationaJ PhJsieal Laboratory has IoU withABL for as-sessing the technicalcompetenc

ofNABLaccredited laboratories.

1. Conducted proficiency testing for themeasurement of surface roughnessparameters viz.Ra= 0.6 m , Rz =3.29 m ,Rmax =4.01 m, and Pt =10.1 m and D(Depth of groove) = 9.1 m. Ten NABLaccredited laboratories participated. Thefinal report has beenprepared. 87% resultsare in agreement.

•

fjAN UAl REPO 1-2006--2007

2. Initiated proficiency testing for thecalibration of Length of Length Bars ofsize 150 mm, 300 mm, 500 illill. TenNABL accredited laboratories areparticipating. The program is in progressand is likely to be completed by March2008.

3. Initiated proficiency testing for thecalibration of Ring Gauges of diameter 5mm, 12 mm, 50 mm and 100 illill. TenNABL accredited laboratories areparticipating.

urn di } Stan ard'

The temperature standards groupparticipated in the APMP Regional Comparison(APMP-T-S1-04) of Type-R thermocouples inthe range from 0 to 1100 °C. The measurementswere carried out at 17 different temperaturepoints. The comparison, which started in March2005 was coordinated by NMIA Australia. 12­NMIs namely, NMIA Australia, NIM China,SCL Hong-Kong, NPL India, KIMLIPIIndonesia, NMIJ Japan, KRISS Korea, SIRIMMalaysia, SPRING Singapore, CSIR SouthAfrica, CMS Taiwan and NIMT Thailandparticipated in the comparison program, whichwas completed in June 2006. Our results arequite satisfactory in the range 0 to 1100 °C as perfirst draft copy APMP-T-S 1-04 issued byNMIA,Australia.

The temperature standards group realizedthe copper point (1084.62 °C) by using coppersealed cell with an uncertainty of ± 0.36 °c withType-S and ± 0.33 °c with Type-R standardthermocouples and using high temperaturethree-zone heating furnace. This fixed point is tobe used for calibration of noble metal standardthermocouples to extend the calibration range ofthermocouples from 1000 °c to 1600 °c.

Ahigh temperature furnace of 1700 °c wasprocured and installed for calibration of noblemetal thermocouples in the range 1000-1600 °c

•

against a high preClSlon Type-SIR standardthermocouple calibrated on fixed points.

A new Fluidized Bed Bath was procuredand installed for calibration of precisionthermometers and thermocouples. The stabilityperformance ofthe bath was studied in the range50°C to 700°C. The over all stability ofthe bathwas measured to be ± 0.05 °c.

A low temperature calibration set-up withaluminum comparison block was designed anddeveloped to work at boiling point of nitrogen(-196°C) for calibration of special dial gaugeshaving gas-filled temperature probes in differenttemperature ranges from -200°C to -50°C.

The performance and stability of oneType-S thermocouple and two Liquid-in-Glassthermometers were carried out which are to beused as artifacts for the intercomparison underSAARC-PTB Intercomparison in temperaturemetrology.

Apex level calibration was provided tovarious accredited laboratories and userindustries in the temperature range from -200°Cto 2200 °c. This included 235 reports incalibration ofhigh precision thermometers, gas­filled low temperature dial gauges, noble metalthermocouples and digital thermocoupleindicators, temperature liquid baths, digitaltemperature hygrometers (RHT), optical andinfrared radiation thermometers, tungsten striplamps, high temperature blackbody sources, etc.and 71 reports in calibration of SPRTs, TPWcell, RTD I DigitalTemperature Indicators.

The Humidity Standards group maintainedthe reference humidity standard (an aspiratedpsychrometer using two precise quartzthermometers) for calibrating RH instrumentslhygrometers, in the RH range 15 % to 95 % RHwith an uncertainty of±1% RH.

The Humidity Standards group developed aprototype simple and compact Dew Point/RH

PHYSICO-MECHANICAl STANDARDS

Generator based on two pressure technique forhumidity calibration to meet the industryrequirement in the range of 15 to 95 % RH, with± 1% RH stability. The device was tested in thewhole range for its satisfactory performance. Alaboratory model was given to MIs. ICLCalibration & Testing Services Pvt. Limited,Panchkula (HR) to have customer feedback at anominal charge ofRs. 49,500/-.

The humidity standards group procuredand installed 2500 Bench-top Two PressureHumidity Generator, capable of generatingRelative Humidity in the range 10 % to 95 %,with accuracy ± 0.5 % RH and resolution 0.02%. This will be used as Reference Humiditystandard for the calibration of Industrialhygrometers (Digital IDial Type) with lowerlillcertainities.

In total 54 Hygrometers/RH measuringinstruments (Dial and Digital type) fromdifferent industries were calibrated.

Optlca Radiaho Sta d1lrd

Research and developmental work onstudying the photometric characteristics of lightemitting diodes including their colorcharacteristics, wavelength and intensityvariations on the environmental conditions werecarried out. The calibration facility for thephotometric parameters of the LEDs has beenestablished. Calibration facilities for thephotometric parameters were extended tovarious lamp and lighting industries, Rand Dinstitutions etc. Calibration & Measurementfacilities in air UV spectral region weremaintained and extended to user industries andinstitutions.

Measurement of Ozone generated. fromMercuryDischarge Lamps

In a temperature and humidity controlledlaboratory, the ozone production due to different

Low pressure and high pressure mercury lampshas been studied. The ozone produced has beenmeasured using Teledyne, USA make OzoneAnalyzer (Model 400E). This analyser has theoverall uncertainty ofmeasurement ± 2%. WithLow pressure Hg lamp the production ofozone isLess efficient due to the low intensity of ozoneabsorption line. With high pressure mercuryLamp, the production of ozone has foundefficient and rapid and generation of Ozone ashigh as 110 ppb was observed. It may be due tothe emission ofcontinuum superimposed by HgLines. It implies that most of the ozoneproduction is from discrete emission lines in UVregion. As the backgrOlilld surface concentrationof ozone has already increased even inunconfined space, the ozone buildup could besubstantial and harmful by using these HgLamps.

Spot!}. m'edpl'flject.,

"Sllldie.Cl on pntial-eoherence pectral filtenand tlteir applications"

The Project is completed however theresearch work is continued. The applications ofthe correlation-induced spectral changes havebeen extended to construction of spatial­coherence spectral filters and the phenomenonof spectral switching which in turn have led tonew findings for information encoding andhiding. This study has resulted in few originalpapers which have beenpublished.

Birla Management Corporation Limited,Bombay Spollsoredproject entitled I'NlRspec troscop)' tech.nlque for cellulosicmaterials"

Near infra-red and mid infra-red spectralstudies ofdifferent varieties ofpulp, alkcell andviscose samples obtained from the GrasimChemical Laboratory, Nagda were analyzedusing attenuated total reflectance and diffusedreflectance accessories. Since the proj ect was

fjAN UAl REPORT.2006-2007 •

The Force standards group became amongthe first ones to design, develop and fabricate afully automated force machine (Fig.I.3) torealize force in the range 5-50 Newton byprimary method with an uncertainty of± 0.004% (k=2). The development would notonly help to establish a facility to calibrate lowcapacity force instruments with low uncertainty,but would also act as a stepping stone to realizeforces in low range for comparison purposes.

As an extension to the load cell calibratordevelopment project for Regional ReferenceStandard Laboratories (Ministry of ConsumerAffairs, Food & Public Distribution), design,fabrication and characterization offorce transferstandards up to 5 kN was successfully

susceptibility is a function of both time andspace called an anisotropic plasma medium (thesource and the medium are at rest with respect tothe observer) were conducted. The redshift andbroadening the lines emanated from dischargesources were studied. Results obtained havebeen published and presented invarious forums.

Space Application Sponsored project onDevelopmenl 0 f Ca Iibration-Validation

(CAL-VAL) site at Knvaratti Island

In this particular project for developing in­situ calibration facility for spectral radiance andspectral irradiance, methods were developed forcalibration of hyperspectral radiometersprocured by SAC, Ahmedabad for ocean colorstudies. Fundamental research fordetermination ofthe immersion factor at variousLevels of water and various type of water wasalso carried. A paper on the calibrationprocedures developed at NPL was presented inthe XXXII OSI Conference held at Vadodara inMarch 2007.

completed in March 2007, a complete report onthe study conducted has been submitted toNagda.

CSIR sponsored project e-ntitled "Opticaland spectral properties oIorganicc'Ompounds sed as building blocks fornanostructores tt

Optical studies for investigating themorphology of polyaniline nanotubules ofdifferent dimensions, fabricated on a groundglass surface by a novel method, wereconducted. This research was presented in theinternational conference on nanomaterials andthe poster entitled "Optical Properties ofanthracene nanotubes fabricated on a groundglass surface", presented in the Nanoscienceand Technology conference was adjudged asone ofthe best out offour posters chosen by theHono'ble President ofIndia. Photograph ofthenanotubes developed is shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2: SEM image of synthesized polyanilinenanostructures

DST sponsored project ou "Studies on theeffect 0 f d)'uamic n1 Ultiple scattering on thefre-quency sltift of spectral lines andapplications· ·

To provide explanation for discordantredshift in quasars Doppler-like wavelengthshift studies by dynamic multiple scattering ofradiation by a medium whose dielectric

Force Hard css tandal'd

fjAN UAl REPO 1-2006--2007

PHYSICO-MECHAN ICAl STAN DARDS

Fig. 1.4: Rotation effect on build-up system output

flange type torque transducers of higheraccuracy using the torque standard machine asagainst the existing provision for the calibrationof round type torque transducers only. It is nowpossible to provide national traceability intorque measurement with lower uncertainty andalso to calibrate torque calibration machine onsite.

C J. T ~1 Torqu Key ompa iso,,: Thegroup also participated in CCM sponsored keycomparison up to 1000 Nm, where PTB,Germany is the pilot Laboratory and 7 otherNMIs around the world including NPL (UK),NMIJ (Japan), KRISS (Korea), CEM (Spain),CENAM (Mexico), INMETRO (Brazil),METAS (Switzerland) etc. are participating inthis exercise. Two artifacts of 1000 Nm torquetransducers, received from PTB, Germany, werecalibrated directly against the torque primarystandard machine established at NPL. The draftofthe intercomparison reports is awaited.

£stahfishllumt of flick 1','1 hardlU!.'I

primar)' standard macl!ine : It is a uniquefacility at NPL to be used as national standard ofVickers hardness (Fig. 1.5). The group has nowthe capability to provide national traceability incalibration of Vickers hardness reference/standard blocks used by quality control, NABLaccredited laboratories and different industriesoperating both in public and private sectors.

IllJO .. 1 0

.. ..i. 2>40 degrees

50

'E 40.0 degl9ll8 l1ZO degrees

130I 20 •• •J 1: ... ..~

200400 F_lkN}+i -10

! -20

1-30 1

: -40

-&l

Metrological characterization of theindividual load cells (700 kN) which are to beused in 2MN buildup system and its directcalibration against NPL IMN referencestandard machine was carried out (Fig.l.4). Thishas expedited the process to estimate the bestmeasurement capability of3MN hydraulic forcemachine.

orqu': The new torque primary standardmachine to realize torque up to 2000 Nm with anuncertainty of better than ± 0.01% (k=2) wasinducted in the quality management system. Thegroup is now lmdertaking the calibration ofhigher accuracy torque transducers. A new typeof the coupling was designed and developed tofacilitate calibration of the conventionally used

Fig. 1.3 : Dead weight force machine (5-50 N)

completed under the consultancy project toprovide national traceability of the forcecalibrator maintained at the respective regionalreference standard laboratories.

ANN~

REPORT-2006 2007 ..

The group is providing national traceabilityin force, torque and Rockwell hardness throughthe calibration of force and torque measuringdevices and hardness blocks to various usersfrom industries, defence and other governmentorganizations and also from other countriesincluding Kuwait, Oman and Nepal. Thefacilities are being used extensively, which iswell reflected in the ECF of Rs 47 lakhs(approx.) and the number of calibration reportsissued as 500, which is 10% more than last yeardue to additionofnew users.

Fig. 1.5: Vickers cum Rockwell superficialHardness standardizing Machine recentlyestablished

A training course was organized duringSeptember 15-16,2006 at Jadavpur Universityas a part ofa proposed project to be sponsored bythe University to NPL for setting up aCalibration centre for force, dimension,pressure and DC voltage at the University. Theaim of the training course was to give lecturesand practical training to technical personnel atthe University in some of the metrologicalparameters such as force, a.c. voltage andcurrent, dimensional measurements, etc. About40 participants from the university and theindustries from the nearby region attended thecourse. It is expected that more such courses inremaining parameters would be organized atJadavpur University in future.

An Indo-Italian trammg course wasorganised during 5-8 Dec. 2006 in collaborationwith ICE-INRIM (Italy). The aim ofthe trainingprogram was to train middle level managers andquality assurance personnel from accreditedcalibration laboratories and industries operatingboth in public and private sectors within Indiaand in neighbouring countries by providingthem first hand knowledge, exposure and handon experience in the modem practices of forceand torque measurement. In all 42 participantsfrom India and one each from Nepal, Malaysiaand two each from Thailand, Saudi Arabia wereselected for the training course. The facultycomprised of experts from NMIs of Italy,Germany and India. Ten invited talks includingthose from eminent speakers such as Dr. KonradHerrmann, Head, Hardness StandardLaboratory and Dr. Jens Illemann, ForceStandard Laboratory, both from PTB Germany,Dr. Carlo Ferrero, Head Force & TorqueLaboratory INRIM, Italy, Mr. G. 1. Gyani,Secretary General, Quality Council ofIndia, etc.were delivered during these four daysdeliberations. The practical training wasprovided on calibration of force transducersagainst dead weight & hydraulic multiplicationforce machine, calibration oftorque transducersagainst the dead weight lever type torquestandard machine.

Pre sure and Vacu om tandards

Heydemanl1 and Welch (H\V) model:

HW model is based on a thermodynamic fluidflow equation known as Navier-Stokes (NS)Equation in the laminar flow approximation.There are several limitations of this modelequation. We have attempted to overcome theselimitations through introducing a rigorousstatistical analysis. Based on this method, acomplete characterization of a Controlled

fjAN UAl REPO 1-2006--2007

PHYSICO-MECHANICAl STANDARDS

Fig. 1.6 : Phase sensitive detector (PSD) outputs inthe uncertainty measurement ofUIM

Final report: AP~1P.SIM.M.P-Klc:Bilntera]comparison betwoon 1ST (US ) and NFL(India) in tbe pneumatic pJlessure Jlegion 0.4MPa to 4.0:),IPa

4.0

! cos data• lilnedata

III cos data--arg IJne data

Phase angle in degree

·u

u

~

·u

1\ ....J·u

~~~ ~r J Vl r-11ftr "l~

·u

8.3922

0.0

_ 2

a>cCD

"'0

:E0..'Eroro

1.0 2.0 3.0

p (MPa)

Fig. 1.7 : Effective areas as a function ofpressure asmeasured by the laboratory standards atNIST (USA) and NPL (India). Standarduncertainty shown as error bars.

8.3927

:;' 8.3926

! 8.39256

'""'l: 8.3924

A bilateral comparison of pressuremeasurement between NIST and NPLI using apiston gauge transfer standard (TS), designatedas NPLI-4, over the range of nominal appliedpressure 0.4 MPa to 4.0 MPa was carried out.

8.3928

8.3923

significant improvement in the signals such asperfect 90 degree phase difference and sameamplitude of sine and cosine values. This workhas improved the measurement uncertainty ofUIM in low pressure region.

Clearance Piston Gauge (CCPG) was carriedoutat the NIST (USA) in a span of two years. TheHW parameters determined from thecharacterization have also been repeated towithin the Type A uncertainty from the twocharacterizations. The relative combinedstandard lillcertainty of the effective area usingthe HW model ranges from 23.6xIO-6 at 20 MPa

to 36.8 x 10-6 at 200 MPa. Operating at ajacketpressure up to 40% of the system pressure,reduces the lmcertainty slightly. The effectivearea from the HW model agrees to within thecombined standard uncertainty of a directcomparison to the NIST pressure scale at allconditions from 20MPato 200MPa.

KperimentaJ stud)? on the effect of pllasesensiti e detector (PSD) outpu So in tbeuncertainty m asurem ntoem

During experimental evaluation ofmeasurement uncertainty of UltrasonicInterferometer Manometer (UIM), it wasobserved that there is significant differencebetween this value and the theoretical value,particularly at low pressure below 1000 Pa.After analyzing the detailed behaviour ofvariation of lillcertainty in real operatingconditions it was fOlmd that the variationdepends significantly on the PSD outputparameters, such as imperfection in 90 degreephase difference between two singles, lillequalgain in two channels and eccentricity of thecircle thus formed by the two signals. After thisfinding, further experimental work was carriedout and as a result ofwhich the PSD parameterswere properly adjusted to the extent thatmaximum reduction in uncertainty wasobtained. After these adjustments the outputsignals of PSD in the form of sine and cosinevalues were measured at different multiplefrequencies. The results obtained arereproduced in Fig. 1.6, which shows a

fjAN UAl REPORT.2006-2007

12001000200

20010.J---=-,,-fllQ·...-.-LJ

o "011 600 800 1000 1200

Raman shift (cm"1 )

Fig. 1.8 : Pressure induced changes observed inG~03

400 600 800

Raman shift (cm"1 )

Fig. 1.9 : Pressure induced changes observed inY203

16000

18000

14000

dead weight tester, digital pressure calibratorand pressure dial gauge respectively as theartifacts. A total number of65 NABL accreditedpressure laboratories from all over India areparticipating in these programmes.

12000

20000 ,....-.....--.,....-......r----r---'I"""iiiiiiii.....

Raman work under high pressur

High pressure Raman experiments werecarried out at BARe, Mumbai wherein thepressure induced behaviour of polycrystalline

rare earth sesquioxides, Gdz03, Sm20 3and Y203,

were studied. Interestingly, high pressure

studies on Gdz03 (shown in Fig. 1.8) and Slllz03

have not been reported anywhere and inaddition, being nano-sized samples, the resultsobtained have been found to be very interesting.These samples showed a partial amorphizationas the pressure was increased. However, Y20 3

..... Ambient24900+-----'#-.......="""---1 16.51 GPa

Release199001r--iJ'.~lf---.;;j"~;:-~ __~=~F1

.€6000on

F:

] 4000

2000

00

~

~ 10000

~ 8000

~1490-t--Jl,=~~=--~~!!I·.c;;;;;~1~ "lt 990n+----~...-----------15] 490n+------ij1j-----------1

Fig. 1.7 shows the effective area as a fimction ofpressure as measured by the laboratorystandards at NIST (USA) and NPL (India). Thecomparison data were analyzed in terms of theeffective area [Ap (mm2)] as a fimction pressure[p (MPa)] of the TS at the above-mentionedpressures. The zero pressure effective area [Ao

(mm2)] and the pressure distortion coefficient [A(MPa- I

)] of the transfer standard were alsoestimated. The degree of equivalence between

NPLIandNISTis l1.4xlO-6 orbetter.

Final r~port APM:P.SDI,M.P-K7: Bilateralcomparison between. NIST (USA) and NPL(India) hI the hydraulic pressure region 40MPa to 200 J\.IPa

Another bilateral comparison of pressuremeasurement between NIST (USA) and theNPLI over the range ofnominal applied pressure40 MPa to 200 MPa was carried out. Thecomparison data were analyzed in terms of the

effective area [Ap (mm2)] as a function ofpressure [p (MPa)] ofthe two transfer standardsin the respective pressure ranges of (40 to 80)MPa and (80 to 200) MPa. The degree ofequivalence between NPLI and NIST evaluatedas the relative difference in the institutes' results

for effective areas of the transfer standards is

within 7.7xlO-6 in the whole pressure range (40

to 200) MPa.

Coordi.nil Hon of A.BL SponsoredProlictencyTestiDg iD the I1}'draulic PressureMeasurementsup to 70 1\IIPa

In view ofthe success ofthe previous threeNABL-NPL sponsored proficiency testingexercises in the hydraulic pressuremeasurements, NABL-NPL has entrusted ourgroup to coordinate three more proficiencytesting programs, namely PT004, PT005 andPT006 in the pressure range 0 - 70 MPa using

fjAN UAl REPO 1-2006--2007

PHYSICO-MECHAN ICAl STANDARDS

(shown in Fig. 1.9) showed transformation to anew phase while releasing the pressure. Theseresults are presently being analyzed andpreliminary findings were reported at the MRSImeeting.

C t t"c S nda d

The International Peer Review ofAcoustics Standards was carried out during 3-5October, 2006lillder the supervision ofDr. PremNarang of NMI, Australia and Mr. Basavaiah,Quality Expert, Bangalore and 9 CMCs wereapproved.

AP~'lP AOV.A- 3 Key Comparisons:The Acoustics Section participated in APMPAUVA-K3 Regional Key Comparisoninvolving two LS2P microphones with KRISS,Korea as the pilot laboratory. The comparisonresults showed that the NPL sensitivity valueswere within± 0.03dB ofthe average value. Alsothe repeatability of NPL results was within ±0.01 dB.

CCAUV.V-Kl.1 Key Comparison:Acoustics Section also participated in atetralateral key comparison CCAUV.V-K1.1involving two standard accelerometers (B&KType 8305) with NIM, China, PTB, Germanyand INMETRO, Brazil as participatinglaboratories. The results are in compiling stage.

The Acoustics Section organized theNational Symposium onAcoustics (NSA-2006)in collaboration withAcoustical Society ofIndiaas a part ofNPL Diamond Jubilee (1947-2007)celebration during November 16-17, 2006.Also, a one day workshop on 'Noise ControlMeasures for D.G. Sets' was arranged onNovember, 15, 2006 as a curtain raiser to NSA2006.

A continuous sodar monitoring system wasdeployed at CPCB, Agra. The mixing height

studies at Paradeep, Orissa for EIA in respect ofthe upcoming mega steel project in Orissa weresuccessfully completed. The group participatedin multi-technique/ multi-institutional on shipmeasurements of Atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) parameters under Integrated Campaignfor aerosols, gases and radiation budget(ICARB).

ltrasonic Sad ds

The ultrasonic Standards continued toprovide services to the industries for thecalibration of ultrasonic non-destructive testingequipment and ultrasonic medical equipment.Calibration procedure was developed forultrasonic response and dimensional accuracyof test rails for the on-line ultrasonic inspectionof rails manufactured in India for high speedtrains and high volume of traffic. Sincelillcertainty is seldom mentioned in the testreports ofnondestructive testing, NPLhas takenthe initiative to develop procedures forestimating lillcertainty in ultrasonic NDT. Thefirst of its attempts has been made in the anglebeam testing of ultrasonic NDT whereuncertainty has been estimated for location ofdefect in a parallel plate.

In an attempt to degas water to DO(Dissolved Oxygen) level of 2mg/L,amethodology has been developed andstandardized. The method to retain this level for8 hours of experimentation has also beendeveloped and found satisfactory.

In yet another experiment, a new procedurehas been developed which increases thefrequency resolution in digital signal processingfrom l/Tto 1I2"T.

u· 10 S ahda d'

The primary Standard Facility for FluidFlow (water) has been upgraded and

fjAN UAl REPORT.2006-2007

modernized to make it operator friendly, withindigenous software. Now the upgraded systemis under evaluation for its performance. Testingofthe water meters was carried out for the watermeter industry.

hocJ a d 'ii r' 'on Se '0 '

The indigenous accelerometers, developedat NPL, with proven overaLL exceLLentperformance characteristics of Internationalquality, is now being used confidently by thehigh profile users from both core and strategicsectors. The Technological Process Know-Howfor the commercial production ofthe device has

already been transferred to the two industries.Many other industries are also Likely to acquirethis technology, in the near future. Currently, thegroup is engaged in the development of a tri­axialaccelerometeL

As part of its regular on going activities thegroup has continued to provide its specializedscientific services to the users from almost aLLsectors, and provided them low cost, high valuesolutions for their requirements. A specialaccelerometer was also developed for theDefence Lab., SSPL, Delhi. Test and Calibrationservices were also provided to a large number ofindustries and other organizations.

• fjAN UAl REPO 1-2006--2007