NP 1b Neuroanatomy - University of California, San...
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1 Functional Neuroanatomy Overview Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Somatic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Autonomic Central Nervous System Orientation in the CNS Anterior: Toward the front or front end Posterior: Toward the back or back end Inferior: Toward the bottom of the body, or below Superior: Toward the top of the head/body, or above Medial: Toward the middle/midline Lateral: Away from the middle/midline, toward the side Rostral: Toward the nose Caudal: Toward the tail/rear Dorsal:Toward the back Ventral: Toward the belly Ipsilateral: On the same side Contralateral: On the opposite side Bilateral: On both sides Unilateral: On one side
Transcript of NP 1b Neuroanatomy - University of California, San...
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Functional Neuroanatomy
OverviewNervous System
Central NervousSystem
Peripheral NervousSystem
Brain Spinal Cord Somatic
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Autonomic
Central Nervous System Orientation in the CNS
Anterior: Toward the front or front end Posterior: Toward the back or back end Inferior: Toward the bottom of the body, or below Superior: Toward the top of the head/body, or above Medial: Toward the middle/midline Lateral: Away from the middle/midline, toward the side Rostral: Toward the nose Caudal: Toward the tail/rear Dorsal:Toward the back Ventral: Toward the belly Ipsilateral: On the same side Contralateral: On the opposite side Bilateral: On both sides Unilateral: On one side
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Central Nervous SystemPlanes of Bisection
Horizontal/Axial
Coronal
Saggital
The Meninges
The Cerebral Hemispheres Function
Primary sensory and motor functioning Higher mental functioning
Relies on integrative functions and cross-sensory modalities
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central (rolandic) sulcus
sylvyan (lateral) fissure
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
occipitallobe
parietal lobe
Defining the lobes
Interhemispheric Fissure
Insula
Sylvian Fissure
What Lies Beneath?
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Midsaggital Anatomy
White Matter Tracts
Tracts of white matter(axon bundles) connectdifferent regions of thecortex together
Example: arcuatefasciculus
Fleishig’s rule
medial viewright cerebral hemisphereamygdala
caudate nucleus
internal capsulecorona radiata
anterior commissure
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Corpus Callosum
Split Brain Patients
Ventricular System
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Top: Enlargedventricles as inAlzheimer’spatients.
Bottom: noventricles due totumors etc.
Hypothalamus and Thalamus
Upper Brain Stem: Diencephalon Thalamus
Structure Relatively large Two symmetric large nuclei All thalamic nuclei receive ascending and descending
input Many projections
Function Relay station Domain-specific information processing
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Hypothalamus and Thalamus Upper Brain Stem: Diencephalon
Hypothalamus Structure
Very small Contains an important collection of nuclei
Function Controls autonomic mechanisms
Diencephalic Syndromes Wernicke-Korsakoff’s Syndrome Vascular disease Thalamic trauma
Limbic System
Basal Ganglia Structure
Collection of nuclei embedded deep within cortex Partially surround the thalamus Sensory projections to cerebrum Efferents to other nervous system structures Caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus +
substantia nigra + subthalamic nucleus Function
Regulate voluntary movement Integrative or just a relay station?
Pathology Movement disorders (e.g. Parkinson’s)
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Cerebellum Structure
The “little brain” Layered appearance Two hemispheres connected by the vermis
Function Coordinated motor behavior Postural adjustments Stores memories for simple
learned motor responses Pathology
Movement disorders; “Ataxia”
Cerebrovasculature
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Blood Supply to the Brain
Arterial Blood Supply
http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/neuropath/nawr/blood-supply.html#arteriesgreat animation of blood supply
Circle of Willis
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Anterior / Posterior Cerebrals
Middle Cerebral
