Novozymes_LiquefactionApplicationSheet

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Starch-based ethanolLiquefaction of starch for fuel ethanol

production

Application sheet

To effectively process the starch in dry-milled grains for the production of ethanol, alpha-

amylases are needed to reduce dextrin chain length and mash viscosity prior to

saccharification and fermentation with yeast.

Benefits

For the production of ethanol from dry-milled grain substrates, the SC brand of alpha-

amylases provides the following benefits:

Ability to process increased levels of solids maximizes plant throughput and ethanol

concentration in fermentation

Lower viscosities improve heat exchanger efficiency

Enables optimal, cost-effective liquefaction in a variety of plant designs

Maximum operational flexibility ensures that your process is optimized

Tolerant to process deviations

Low usage rates

Quality products do not require filtration, recirculation, or agitation

Stabilized products maintain constant activity during storage

Higher-activity products reduce ordering, handling, and shipping costs

Products

The dry-milled grain liquefaction product range consists of four alpha-amylase products:

technical-grade LiquozymeSC DS and Liquozyme SC 4X; and food -grade TermamylSCand Termamyl SC DS.

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Table 1. Produ ct char acteri sti cs.

Further information on these products is available from the online Novozymes Customer

Center.

Performance

Dextrose Equivalent (DE) development in liquefaction is determined by the enzyme activity,

the enzyme addition rate, the residence time, and the process conditions such as dry

substance, pH, and temperature. To achieve identical performance, double and 4x strength

versions are added at half and fourth of the rate of regular SC, respectively.

Fig. 1. The effect of pH on viscosity reduction.

Product

CharacteristicLiquozymeSC

DS

Liquozyme

SC 4X

TermamylSC Termamyl

SC DS

Viscosity reduction Superior Superior Superior Superior

pH range 5.06.0 5.06.0 5.06.0 5.06.0

Temperature range

8286 C

(180187 F)

8286 C

(180187 F)

8286 C

(180187 F)

8286 C

(180187 F)

Dosage range

(% weight of

enzyme to weight

of corn "as is")

0.0130.025 0.0060.013 0.0250.05 0.0130.025

FormulationTechnical grade Technical

grade

Food grade Food grade

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Fig. 2. The effect of pH on DE at two Liquozyme SC DS doses.

Fig. 3. Ethanol concentrations after 68 hr fermentation (using Spirizymes Excel and Fuel) of 30% ds corn mash,liquefied at pH 5.2 and 5.8 with 0.02% w/w Liquozyme SC DS.

Fig. 4. The effect of temperature on performance.

Usage

All of the Liquozyme/Termamyl alpha-amylases provide superior performance at the lowest

dosage rates in primary and secondary liquefaction of dry -milled whole-grain substrates.

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Application/process type

The SC alpha-amylases have shown superior performance in many different liquefaction

systems with a variety of starches from different whole grains, including corn, sorghum

(milo), wheat, and barley.

They are applicable over a wide pH range, producing consistent ethanol yields from pH 6.0

down to 5.0. To account for variability in control set points expected in most plants, it ishighly recommended that pH 5.2 be the minimum target.

There are two widely used strategies for dosing alpha-amylase:

Table 2. Recommended operating parameters for single-dose and split-dose enzyme dosing systems.

The amount of enzyme required depends on many process variables, but all SC alpha-

amylases are suitable for use under typical liquefaction conditions. Under optimum

conditions of pH 5.8, 8286 C (180187 F), 150 minutes residence time and DE 1012, the

recommended dosage is approx. 0.02% weight of enzyme to weight of corn "as is" for SC

DS and 0.01% for SC 4X.

Single-dose enzyme addition Split-dose enzyme addition

All enzyme is added prior to the

secondary liquefaction tank (post

high-temp. cooking) or to the slurry

or mix tank (no high-temp. cooking)

Approx. 40% of the total enzyme

dose is added to the slurry or mix

tank

The DE should be maintained at 46

pH within 5.0 to 6.0 range.

Recommended minimum pH target of

5.2.

pH within 5.0 to 6.0 range.

Recommended minimum pH target of

5.2.

Residence time of minimum 90

minutes and up to 150 minutes at 82

86 C (180187 F)

Residence time should be minimum

3060 minutes for a cold slurry

process at less than 66 C (150 F) or

for a hot slurry process at

8286 C (180187 F)

Approx. 60% of the total enzyme

dose is added prior to the secondary

liquefaction tank (post high-temp.

cooking)

Secondary residence time of

minimum 90 minutes or up to 150

minutes at 8286 C (180187 F)

Final DE should be maintained at 10

12

Final DE should be maintained at 10

12

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Storage in application

Recommended storage conditions are 025 C (3277 F) in sealed packaging, well protected

from the sun. The product has been formulated for optimal stability. However, enzymes

gradually lose activity over time. Extended storage and/or adverse conditions such as higher

temperature may lead to a higher dosage requirement.

Safety, handling, and storage

Safety, handling, and storage guidelines are provided with all products.

Novozymes A/S

Tel: +45 4446 0000

Fax: +45 4446 9999

Krogshoejvej 36

2880 Bagsvaerd

Denmark

[email protected]

Novozymes is the world leader in bioinnovation. Together withcustomers across a broad array of industries we create tomorrowsindustrial biosolutions, improving our customers' business, and the useof our planet's resources. Read more at www.novozymes.com.Novozymes delivers advanced bioinnovation solutions to the bioenergyindustry by setting new standards in performance and viability; helpingthe world realize the promise of renewable energy.

Laws, regulations, and/or third-party rights may prevent customers from importing, using, processing, and/or reselling the products described herein in a givenmanner. Without separate, written agreement between the customer and Novozymes to such effect, information provided in this document AS IS is of goodfaith and does not constitute a representation or warranty of any kind and is subject to change without further notice.

NovozymesA/SLunaNo.

2004-04542-04

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Novozymes_LiquefactionApplicationSheet

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