CONFIDENTIAL

NOVEMBER 13TH, 2017 / DINO HADZIC / EP EVI

EV InfrastructureEV Infrastructure

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Most efficient energy crops (palm oil, sugar cane) deliver 0.5L/m² including sowing, fertilizing, harvesting, refinement and distribution. A vehicle drives 15km/L, so 0.5L gives 7km range.

A solar panel delivers 105 kWh/m².After electrolysis, compression and distribution 63kWhgoes into the tank. The fuel cell generates 31.5kWh of electricity. The vehicle drives 5km/kWh, so 31.5kWh gives 160kmrange.

A solar panel delivers 105 kWh/m².After distribution, charging and storage in the battery, 77kWh is available to the motor.An EV drives 5km/kWh, so 77kWh gives 380km range.

Range per year per m² of land

Well-to-wheel efficiency of alternative fuels

Biofuel: 7km

Hydrogen: 160km

Electric: 380km

Original source: Auke Hoekstra, Eindhoven University of Technology. Data was modified due to improved performance of biofuel and hydrogen.

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ABB leading in major developments this decade

EV fast charging and global standardization

2010

First 50 kW

charger in EU Based on proprietary

standard, no consumer

EV’s available

2010Founding of

CHAdeMOABB was involved

from the start

2010

First EV’s with DC

chargingNissan Leaf & Mitsubishi

iMieV

2012

First demo of

CCS chargingABB & CCS alliance at

EVS26 show In Los

Angeles, USA

2012 - 2013

First nationwide

DC networksABB in Estonia,

Denmark, Netherlands

2014, >

DC networks

spread globallyEurope, USA, Asia

First EV’sCHAdeMO

CCS alliance

Multi-standard

Pilots

Global EV spread

Higher power

E-bus

IEC 61851-23

2012

Founding of

CCS allianceABB was involved

from the start, basis

for IEC standard

Near

Future

2010Launch ABB

Terra 51 50 kW CHAdeMO

charger

2012, >

Leading Connectivity

& uptimeABB has industry leading

uptime by remote

management

and supports global payment

solutions

DC home

2013-2015

Launch global

variants Terra 53China, USA, APAC

2013

Launch CCS &

multi-standard Terra

53 CCS + CHAdeMO + AC

2016

First eBus

chargers in EUGlobal partnerships with

bus OEMs

OppCharge

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50kW CHAdeMO / 22-43 kW AC / 50kW CCS 2

OEM Fast Charging standards

Q4-2012

22-43 kW AC

2010

CHAdeMO

Q4-2013

CCS 2

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5.016 CHAdeMO / 3.375 CCS fast charging stations in Europe (per 07/11/2017)

DC-Fast Charging is happening in Europe

www.chademo.com http://ccs-map.eu/

http://www.charinev.org/ccs-at-a-glance/infrastructure/

CHAdeMOEurope: 5.016USA: 2.260Japan: 7.133Other: 2.200

Globally: 16.609

CCSEurope: 3.375USA: 2.000 approx.Other: 1.000 approx.

Globally: 6.375 approx.

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On-board versus Off-board equipment

DC charging versus AC charging

CHAdeMOmodule

Li-ion battery

Every vehicle needs to have its own onboard equipment

Infrastructure investment is shared with hundreds of users

CHAdeMOmodule

DC Fast Charging Station

On-boardCharger

Li-ion battery

BMS

AC Charging DC Charging

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A new phase: The facts can no longer be denied

Main changes in the last months

Tesla from zero to 32% market share in 6 years !

What will happen in mainstream segment with Tesla Model 3?

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-12/tesla-dominates-u-s-luxury-sedan-saleshttps://cleantechnica.com/2017/07/05/tesla-model-s-crushes-large-luxury-car-competition-h1-2017-us-sales/

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Fear to miss out: massive EV programs announced

BEV gains speed in car market

But… car development

cycle is 3-4 years per model

Focus shifts to full long range

EV, and less on PHEV

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MercedesVito E-cell

Citroën C-Zero

Ford Focus Electric

Smart EDGen 1 Renault

TwizyRenault

Fluence ZE

Citroën Berlingo

RenaultKangoo ZE

BMW i3

DC fast charging CCS (50 kW @400 V)

DC high-power charging CCS (≥150 kW @400 V)

Opel Ampera-e

300 km

VW e-Golf

130 km

130 km

VW e-UP!

110 km

Nissan Leaf 1.1

130 km

Nissan e-NV200

110 km

KiaSoul-EV

150 km

Tesla Model X (adapter)

450 km

BMW i3

190 km

VW e-Golf 1.1

300 km

Hyundai Ioniq

140 km

110 km

Peugeot iOn

110 km

Nissan Leaf 1.0

120 km

110 km

PeugeotPartner

110 km

Renault Zoe ZE

130 km

Mercedes B250E

140 km

Tesla Model S

450 km

Daimler Smart ED

110 km

Renault Zoe 1.1

200 km

Daimler E-Smart

?? km

Tesla +adapter

450 km

MitsubishiOutlander PHEV

40 km

Honda Fit

100 km

Citroën E-Mehari

200 km

Mahindra e20

110 km

Tesla Model 3ccs?

?? km350 km

Renault Zoe

130 km

Tesla Model S

450 km

Focus Electric

165 km

2019 2020 2021, …

DC high-power charging CCS (≥350 kW @400/800 V)

Mitsubishi i-MiEV

Only AC slow (3.6-7.2 kW)

DC fast charging CHAdeMO (50 kW @400 V)

AC fast charging 43 kW

AC charging 11 kW

110 km

2017 2018

AC charging 22 kW

Follow the car through Europe, and open standard protocols

Infinity LE

200 km

AstonMartinRapidE

?? km

VW ID 'Golf'

500 km?

Jaguar i-Pace

450 kmh

Skoda E

500 km?

BMW Mini E

?? km

Hyundai eSUV320 km

Ford Model E

?? km

450 km

Porsche Mission E

2010 - 2016

500 km

VW ID Buzz

VW e-Golf

180 km

Volvo XC40

350 km

Mercedes EQC

500 km

Mercedes EQA

??? km

Audi eTron (SUV)

500 km

VW ID Crozz

?? km

BMW X3e

500 km?

Honda Urbanccs?

250 km?

Mazda EVccs?

?? km

Kia Niro 150 km

Nissan Leaf

300 km

Nissan Leaf

200 km

Renault Zoe

?? km Peugeot 2008 EV

??? km

Peugeot 208 EV

??? km

600 km

Fisker Emotion FF 91 650 km

Lucid Air 650 km

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Remarks:

The technical functioning of the Tesla CHAdeMO adapter with CHAdeMO-certified charge stations is the responsibility of Tesla Motors.

Ordering e.g. via Tesla Webshop

Tesla CHAdeMO adapter

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Public and commercial car charging – use cases

Charging service should match charging application and demand

Public and commercial EV Charging

DC High PowerDC FastDC destinationAC destination

150 to 350kW+50 KW20-25 kW3-22 kW

10-20 min20-90 min1-3 hours4-16 hours

• Office, workplace

• Multi family housing

• Hotel and hospitality

• Overnight fleet

• Supplement at DC charging sites for PHEVs

• Office, workplace

• Multi family housing

• Hotel and hospitality

• Parking structures

• Dealerships

• Urban fleets

• Public or private campus

• Sensitive grid applications

• Retail, grocery, mall, big box, restaurant

• High turnover parking

• Convenience fueling stations

• Highway truck stops and travel plazas

• OEM R&D

November 27, 2017

• Highway corridor travel

• Metro ‘charge and go’

• Highway rest stops

• Petrol station area’s

• City ring service stations

• OEM R&D

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