Novel Drilling Techniques Dr. William C. Maurer · Novel Drilling Techniques Dr. William C. Maurer....
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1 Novel Drilling Techniques Dr. William C. Maurer
Transcript of Novel Drilling Techniques Dr. William C. Maurer · Novel Drilling Techniques Dr. William C. Maurer....
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Novel Drilling Techniques
Dr. William C. Maurer
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Advanced Directional Drilling System(Maurer Engineering Inc.)
Motor
Steering SubHigh Speed
Bit
Thruster
Retractor
Survey Package
Receiver/Transmitter
Processing and Control
Sensors
Reelable Pipe
On-SiteComputer
HeadquartersRelay
Satellite
AutomaticRig
PipeReel
3
Rock Disintegration Techniques
Thermal Spalling
700-11000 F
Spall
Heat
Molten Rock
Rock
2000-40000 F
Vapor
Heat
Fusion & Vaporization
PowderedZone
Rock Rock
ReactiveChemical
Mechanical Breakage Chemical Reaction
ForceFractures
4
Rock Drilling Energy Requirements
MechanismTemperature
OC
Specific Energy
J /CC
Mechanical
Thermal Spalling
Melting
Vaporization
Ambient
600
1100-3000
8000-20,000
100
1500
5000
12,000
5
CombinationConventional - Novel Drills
6
Kerf Cutting Mechanism
Conventional CombinationNovel-Conventional
Cratering&
Indexing
largeFractures
Rock RockNovel
Breakages
Combination Drilling Systems
7
Kerf Index Distance in Rock Volume Removed
Index Distance (In.)
3/16” DIEIndiana Limestone
Optimum Indexing
SingleCrater
Energy-75 ft. lb.
0
.1
.2
.3
.4
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Cra
ter
Volu
me
(In
.3)
8
Novel-Mechanical Tunnel Boring machine
Thrust Cylinder
Telescoping Legs
Muck Deflectors & Buckets
Conventional Rock Crushing
Novel Rock Slotting DeviceLaser Beam GridLaser Beam
9
Tunnel Kerfing System
Face Section
Kerf
Annular RockProtrusion
R = RadiusTo ITH
Kerf = 1 Ton
No. ofKerfs = NN = 4
R2
R 1
4
Geometry
10
Rock Melting and Vaporization Drills
(1100 to 3000OC)
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LANL Subterrene
12
LANL Subterrene
13
Extrusion Tube
Water
Cooling Water
Tungsten orIridium Wire
Molten Rock
Gas
Electrical Cable
Extrudite
Gas
Boron Nitride
Tungsten Shoe
LANL Subterrence
14
Russian Rock Melting Generator (VNIIBT)
15
Russian Rock Melting Generator
16
Nuclear Drill
Water or Gas
Solidified Rock
Molten Rock
Insulation
Atomic Reactor
Tungsten Element
Heat Flow
17
Electric Arc Drill
Roller
Nozzles
Electrode
Arc
18
Electric Arc Drill
Rock
Molten Rock
InsulationCenterElectrode
IncandescentShell (Electrode)
Arc
19
Combination Electric Arc - Roller Cone Drill
Feed off and GasPressure Source
Gas - FilledChamber
Electrodes
ConductorCable
20
Plasma Drill
Gas (Helium or Argon)
Drilling Fluid
Reamer
Plasma
Electric Cable
Electric Arc
21
Electron Beam Drill
Electric Cables
Anode
Vacuum
Deflector Coil
Seal
Drilling Fluid
Cathode
Focus Grid
Focus Lens
Electron Beam
22
Electron Beam
23
Electron Beam
24
Pulsed Electron Beam
Rock
Electron Burst
9 MV
45 kA
0.16 s
= 64 kJ
64 cm2
m
25
Pulsed Electron Beam
26
Laser Drill (Gladstone)
Crystal or Gas
Drilling Fluid
Reamer
Lens
Electric Cable
Electric Arc
Coherent Light Beam
27
Laser Drill
Electric Cables
Ruby Crystal
Reamer
Drilling Fluid
Electromagnet
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Interaction of a Focused Laser Beam with Rock
Vapor
Focused Laser EnergyIntensity Profile
of Focused Laser Beam
Gas Jet Assist
(CO2N2)
Radiated
Heat Loss
Ejected vapor
and Melt
Reflected Energy
Convective Heat Loss
Heat - Affected
Rock Zone
(Heat Conduction)
Solid Rock
Melt
29
Cross Section of Laser Kerfed Rocks
30
Deep Laser Kerfs Cut in Dolomite with 5 kw Laser
Test No.
39
38
40
Rocks sectioned at right angle to kerf mirror focal length - 20.5 in.
No Jet
See table I for test conditions
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Thermal Spalling Drills
(600 to 800OC)
32
Jet-Piercing Drill
Burner
Assembly
Oxygen
Water
Reamer
Fuel
33
Flame Drilling
34
Rocket Exhaust Drill
Gasoline
Rocket Motor
Reamer
Water
Nitric Acid
35
Electric Disintegration Drill
Drilling
Fluid
Electric
Current
Heating
Zone
Electric
Cable
Cooling Zone
36
Electric Disintegration Drill
37
Electric Disintegration Drill
38
Electric Boulder Breakage
39
Electric Mining Technique
40
High-Frequency Electric Drill
Drilling
Fluid
Electrode
Electric
Cables
Electric Current
41
Terra-Jetter DrillLiquid
Nitrogen
DetritusSteam
42
Microwave Drill
Electric Cables
Reamer
Drilling Fluid
Electromagnet
MagnetronWaveguide
43
Induction Drill
Induction Coil
Flux Lines Induction Heating
Reamer
Electrical Cables
Drilling Fluid
44
Mechanical Destruction Drills
45
Turbine Bit
Diamond
Cutter Wheel
Nozzle
Turbine Buckets
46
Implosion Drill
Collapsing
Sphere
Shock Wave
Nozzle
Hollow
Sphere
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Spark Drilling Mechanism
Electrode
Spark Chips
Rock
Shock Wave
Insulator
48
Tangential Spark Drill
Cathodes
(Insulated)
CirculationPort
Anodes
Spark-Over
In Liquid
49
Spark Drilling Mechanism
50
Radial Spark Drill
Rotating Center
ElectrodeTeeth of Bit
Exit for Water and
Crushed Rock
Water Inlet
High Voltage Leads
51
Sandia Spark Drill
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Electrohydraulic Rock Crusher
Rock Inlet
Spark
Electrode
Insulation
Water
Rock
Perforated Bottom
Electrode
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Electrohydraulic Rock Splitter
Boulder
Insulation
Electrode
Spark
Insulation
Water
54
Spark Percussion Drill
Electric Cables
Piston
SealsSplines
Drilling Fluid
Spark Gap
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Russian Explosive Drill
Choke
Nozzle
Explosive
Capsule
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Russian Explosive Capsule
Liquids (Explosive Mixtures)Fins
Percussion Pin
Detonator
Diaphragm
57
Soviet Liquid Explosive Drill
Two Stage Piston
Oxidizing Agent
Chemical Initiator
Fuel
Fuel Pipeline
Initiator PipelineDetonation Chamber
Oxidizer Pipeline
Flushing Fluid
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Exxon Explosive Drill
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AAI Explosive Drill
60
AAI Explosive Capsule
61
Explosively Drilled Hole in Granite
62
Explosively Drilled Hole in Limestone
63
REAM Cannon
64
REAM Projectile Drill
65
REAM 57-mm and 90-mm Projectiles
66
REAM Tunnel in Granodionite
67
Ultrasonic Drill
Electric Cables
Magnetostrictive
Core
Emitter
Drilling Fluid
Abrasion and
Cavitation
Coil
68
Sandia Chain Drill
69
Sandia Replaceable Cutter Head Bit
70
Sandia Replaceable Cutter Head Bit
71
Sandia Replaceable Cutter Head Bit
72
High Pressure Jet Bit
Nozzle
High
Velocity Jets
73
Exxon Jet Bit
74
Exxon Jet Drilling
BereaSandstone
IndianaLimestone
CarthageMarble
Dri
llin
g R
ate
(ft
/hr)
300
250
200
150
100
50
016,00012,000800040000
Nozzle Pressure - PSI
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Exxon Jet Drill
76
Exxon Jet Instrumentation
77
Exxon Jet Pumps
78
Exxon Jet Bits
79
Exxon Jet Roller Bit Test
80
Erosion Drilling Test No. 8
81
82
High Pressure Drilling Mechanism
Bit
JetsPDC Cutter
Rock Ledges
83
10,000 psi
High Pressure Motor
84
85
High Pressure Jet-Drilling Rates
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Texas Leander Glacier Pecos
1500
780
255
68 110
120142
910(WOB=1000 lbs)
Je
t D
rill
ing
Ra
te (
ft/in
)
CreamLimestone
Limestone BluffDolomite
RedSandstone
Bit Weight = 2000 lbs= 10,000 psi= 1,000 psi
86
CT High Pressure Jet Drilling Rate
150
300
1600
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Rotary Conventional High Pressure
Dri
llin
g R
ate
Motor Motor
Red Sandstone3-1/8” Bit
87
88
Motor Field Test
89
Field Drilling Rates
23
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Conventional DOE Motor
Drilli
ng R
ate
(ft
/hr)
• 3 3/8” Motor
• 4 3/4” Bit
• Dolomite
• 1600-1900 ft
90
Gulf Abrasive Jet Drill
91
Terra Drill Projectile Drill
92
Terra Drill Projectiles
93
Terra Drill System
94
Terra Drill Drilling Rate
95
Terra Drill Prototype
96
Terra Drill Prototype
97
Terra Drill Experiments
98
Chemical Drills
99
Russian Chemical Drill
Compressed Gas
Fluorine
High VelocityJets Dissolve Rock
Firing Leads
ExplosivelyOpened Seal
Alloy Catalyst
100
McCullough Chemical Drill
101
Novel Drill Conclusions
High Energy Consumption
Ability to Focus Power
Combine Novel / Mechanical Drills
Will Be Used In Future
102
Advanced Directional Drilling System(Maurer Engineering Inc., 1978)
Motor
Steering SubHigh Speed
Bit
Thruster
Retractor
Survey Package
Receiver/Transmitter
Processing and Control
Sensors
Reelable Pipe
On-SiteComputer
HeadquartersRelay
Satellite
AutomaticRig
PipeReel
103Rig Automation
104
Automated Offshore Rig
105
Arctic Drilling Rig
106
Automated Land Rigs
107
Russian Advanced Drilling Studies
Volume 1: Novel Drills
Volume 2: Advanced Downhole Motors
Volume 3: Advanced Drill Bits
Volume 4: Horizontal Drilling
Volume 5: Directional Drilling
108
109
Russian Rock Melt Lining System
Dr. Alexander Gusman
Dr. Michael Gelfgat
110
Rock Melt
Lining Technology
111
RussianRock Test Stand
112
Rock Melting Power Supply
113
Russian Rock Melting Generator (VNIIBT)
114
Russian Rock Melting Generator
115
Russian Molten Rock Liner
116
Russian Heating Element
117
Slit for Measuring Temperature
118
Ryrometer Temperature Measurement
119
120
Advanced Geothermal Turbodrill (AGT)
Bearing Pack Speed Reducer Turbine
121
122
Planet GearsSun Gear
Ring Gear
Planetary Gears
123
Turbodrill Drill Stand
124
Drilled Rock Sample
125
Peak Drilling Rates
76
207
0
50
100
150
200
250
Conventional TUBODRILL
126
Advanced Geothermal Turbodrill (AGT)Field Test
127
7500
900
85
1100
Rotary Speed Torque
With Gear Box
Without Gear Box
(RPM) (ft-lbs)
Turbodrill Performance
128
12 1/4” Carbide Roller BitTexas Pink Granite
42 45
92
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rotary LANL AGTTurbodrill Turbodrill
Drilli
ng R
ate
(ft
/hr)
129
