Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of...

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Novel Catalytic Technology for Conversion of Ethanol and Other Alcohols to Gasoline, Jet, and Diesel Fuel Blend Stocks Charles E. Wyman, PhD Founder, President, and CEO Vertimass LLC Irvine, California BIO Meeting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 13, 2014 1

Transcript of Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of...

Page 1: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Novel Catalytic Technology for Conversion of Ethanol and Other Alcohols to Gasoline, Jet, and 

Diesel Fuel Blend Stocks

Charles E. Wyman, PhDFounder, President, and CEO

Vertimass LLCIrvine, California

BIO MeetingPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

May 13, 2014

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Page 2: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Challenges for Fuel Ethanol• Ethanol is not fully fungible with petroleum fuels for 

transport via existing pipelines• Ethanol creates concerns about lower mileage and 

different solvent properties• Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is 

saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market• Higher level blends require additional infrastructure, 

engine modifications for lower air‐fuel ratios, and auto and oil company acceptance

• Ethanol energy density is too low for jet fuel • Ethanol cannot be easily run in compression ignition 

engines for heavy duty vehicles 2

Page 3: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Novel catalyst creates Vertimass business opportunity• New catalyst developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory through DOE support converts ethanol into jet, diesel, and gasoline fuel blend stocks fungible with current transportation fuel infrastructure

• Several patent applications filed• Vertimass has exclusive worldwide license to ORNL catalyst technology for converting ethanol into fungible gasoline, jet, and diesel fuel blend stocks  3

Page 4: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Advantages of Novel Catalyst • Single step conversion of ethanol into hydrocarbon 

blend stocks with high yields, • No hydrogen addition, • High yields of targeted products with minimal 

amounts of light gases, • Mild (relatively low temperature and atmospheric 

pressure) operating conditions, • Robust catalyst• Ability to process 5 to 100% ethanol concentrations, • Product flexibility to respond to changing market 

demands, and • Low Capex and Opex

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Page 5: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Novel Catalyst Transforms Ethanol into Fungible Blend Stocks in One Step without Added Hydrogen

Low-cost metal-exchanged zeolite catalyst

Hydrous ethanol in distillation column

Aromatic and Aliphatic HCs typical of blend stock constituents(C4-C12) with water and trace ethylene byproducts

Group % Volume

Paraffins 3.855

I‐Paraffins 9.588

Olefins 5.371

Naphthalenes 1.988

Aromatics 79.198

Oxygenates 0.00

Unidentified 4.203

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Page 6: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Stoichiometric Ethanol Conversion

Constant LHSV of 2.93 h-1

Funded by DOE‐EERE‐BETO. Initial funds were from BESC, DOE Office of Science‐BER and ORNL LDRD

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Page 7: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

• Operated over a range of sizes at laboratory and bench scales

Lab Scale

(200 mg Catalyst)(5‐15 g Catalyst)

~50x

Larger Lab Scale

~10x

Bench Scale

120 grams catalyst processing rate equivalent to ~ 1 gal ethanol/day 

Experimental Catalytic Reactor Systems

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Page 8: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

• Temperatures of 300 to 350°C• Atmospheric pressure

• LHSV of 1.2 h‐1 or less

Funded by DOE‐EERE‐BETO. Initial funds were from BESC, DOE Office of Science‐BER and ORNL LDRD

Mild Reaction Conditions 

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Page 9: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

• Catalyst regenerates in air at less than 450°C

• Durable under accelerated aging

• No impact of water or fermentation impurities

• Can process 5 to 100% ethanol in water  Sample Catalyst

Regeneration

0

10

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0 50 100 150 200

% B

len

d S

tock

Time (hr)

LHSV = 0.585 hr-1 % Fuel

Funded by DOE‐EERE‐BETO. Initial funds were from BESC, DOE Office of Science‐BER and ORNL LDRD

Robust Catalyst

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Page 10: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Gasoline blend stocksTotal Calculated Research Octane # (RON) = 105.7Total Calculated Motor Octane # (MON) = 90.6Average MW = 9660% aromatics

Diesel/Jet  blend stocksTotal Calculated RON = 112.7Total Calculated MON = 95.5Average MW = 9575% aromatics

Number of Carbon (% Volume)

“Jet”

“Gasoline”

Product Flexibility

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Page 11: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Fermentation broth

of ethanol in water

Wet ethanol

Water, cells, solids

Distillatio

n

Dehydration Catalytic conversion

Anhydrous ethanol Jet fuel, diesel 

fuel, and/or gasoline blend 

stocks

Existing ethanol production approach Bolt‐on to make fungible fuel blend stocks

Can employ in parallel with dehydration unit to swing between ethanol and hydrocarbon blend stocks

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Engine Testing of Gasoline Blend Stock from Catalytic Process

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Page 13: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

• Simple operation results in low operating costs• Primary cost is for catalyst replacement• Some energy cost

• Also results in low capital costs• Minimal equipment – low pressure reactor, heat 

exchangers, decanter• Preliminary technoeconomic analysis at NREL on 

stover via SSF suggests that hydrocarbon blend stock is cost competitive

Low Capex, Low Opex

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Page 14: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Markets• Current ethanol production

• U.S. ~14 billion gals/year mostly from corn starch• Brazil ~5.6 billion gals/year from cane sugar• Rest of world ~8.9 billion gals/year

• Cellulolsic ethanol production starting to ramp up• Projects in progress by companies such as Abengoa, 

DuPont, Enerkem, M&G/Beta‐Renewables, and POET

• USDA and DOE estimate up to ~1.4 billion dry tons/year of biomass could be available to produce ~100 billion gallons of gasoline equivalent 

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Page 15: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

2012 U.S. Transportation Fuel Markets

Fuel Billion gal/year

Gasoline 133.0

Diesel  58.2

Jet Fuel 21.8

Ethanol 13.8

Total 226.8

Source: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=23&t=10 15

Page 16: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Benefits for Ethanol Producers • Eliminates 10% blend wall by converting ethanol into “drop‐in” hydrocarbon fuels• Ethanol now stalled at ~10% of gasoline market due to fungibility and other concerns

• Catalyst produces fungible blend stock• Opens up new fuel markets for ethanol for:

• Air travel • Heavy duty vehicles

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Page 17: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Environmental and Other Societal Benefits• Vertimass renewable gasoline, jet, and diesel blend stocks can reduce 

greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) compared to petroleum derived fuelsGreenhouse Gas Reductions*

Ethanol Feedstock % GHG reductions

Corn 25% 

Sugarcane 61%

Cellulosic >95%

* Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) http://ethanolrfa.org/page/‐/rfa‐association‐site/studies/rfs_ghgs_at_a_glance.pdf?nocdn=1** Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) http://www.ethanolrfa.org/pages/ethanol‐facts‐environment

• Smog reductions (lower CO and volatile organic compounds VOCs)**• Lower water requirements compared to conventional gasoline**• Favorable energy balance to produce fuels (Fuel Energy Out – Fuel 

Energy In)• Enhance US fuel security, create jobs, assist energy independence, and 

support rural America  17

Page 18: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Vertimass Business Strategy• License technology widely• Integrate novel catalyst into existing ethanol facilities for rapid market penetration

• Facilitate market entry of ethanol produced from cellulosic biomass 

• Eliminate need for ethanol dehydration step in ethanol plants

• Provide low cost conversion of ethanol into fungible fuel blend stocks from biomass

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Page 19: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

The Vertimass Team – Complementary Expertise• Chairman – William A. Shopoff• President & CEO – Charles Wyman, Ph.D.• COO – John Hannon, Ph.D.• Executive VP – Tom Mullen• CFO – Sandra Sciutto, CPA• Board Member– Martin Keller, Ph.D.• Technology Development Engineer – Brian Davison, Ph.D.• Catalyst Development Scientist – Chaitanya Narula, Ph.D.• Team of consultants with extensive experience in:

• Biofuels development and commercialization• Catalyst research and development • Catalyst scale‐up• Ethanol technology and markets• Petroleum refining and markets 19

Page 20: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

• Qualify Fuel• Engage engineering firm for commercial design and to guide data requirements to support scale‐up

• Partner with ethanol producers and/or fuel end users to select site for pilot and commercial operations 

• Design, build, and operate pilot unit for scale up• Produce larger quantities of fuel as needed for further fuel qualification tests

• License technology to commercial producers

Next Steps

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Page 21: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

• Strategic partnering with: • Ethanol producers• Engineering firms• Catalyst manufacturers• Energy companies• Airlines• Military

• Funding rounds with:• Strategic investors• Venture capitalists

Next Steps

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Page 22: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Fermentation broth

of ethanol in water

Wet ethanol

Water, cells, solids

Distillatio

n

Catalytic conversion

Jet fuel, diesel fuel, and/or 

gasoline blend stocks

Existing ethanol distillation Bolt‐on to make fungible blend stocks

Questions?

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Page 23: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Input MarketOutputProcess

Ethanol• US: corn 

ethanol• Brazil: cane 

sugar ethanol • World: 

cellulosic biomass ethanol

Catalytic Conversion

• Simple process

• Short reaction times

• Cheap catalyst• High yields• Mild 

conditions• Like refining 

catalysts

Gasoline, Jet, and Diesel Fuel Blend Stocks 

• High yields of hydrocarbon blend stocks

• Tailored to markets

• Fungible in pipelines

Transportation Fuels

• Huge commodity markets

• Aviation• Heavy duty 

vehicles• Eliminates 

ethanol blend wall

Business: Develop and license technology for ethanol conversion into fungible hydrocarbon fuel blend stocks

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Page 24: Novel Catalytic for Conversion of Ethanol and Gasoline ... · • Existing ethanol production of ~14 billion gallons is saturating U.S. 10% gasoline blend market • Higher level

Source: Biofuels for Energy Security and Transportation Act of 2007- U.S. Market

Effective 2010: Energy legislation mandating cellulosic fuels

BG

Y

60% of Biofuels

from Cellulosic21BGY

20% of Fuel

Stream from

Biofuels>$75B Market

Ethanol Blend wall (10%of 149

BGY)

Vertimass eliminates the

blend wall

10% Ethanol Blend Wall

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