Nouns & Pronouns 2

Grammar and Vocabulary Ⅰ

May 10, 2011

Let’s begin with small talk

What day is the second Sunday of May?

What special things do you do for Mother's Day?

Did you give or send anything to your mother this year?

Most moms prefer love to gifts A survey shows that most mothers are satisfied with

expressions of “thanks and love” as Mother‘s Day gifts rather than actual gifts.

A website run by a business group that includes a major florist surveyed 4,800 people in February and March.

Asked what pleases them most as a Mother's Day gift, 36 percent of about 700 mothers said “thanks and love”. 31 percent said they prefer spending time with their families, for example by traveling together. 30 percent said they liked flowers or other gifts.

For the first time since the survey started 4 years ago, the number of respondents who say they are happy to receive “thanks and love” exceeded that of those who prefer “gift items”.

Regarding how much money they would spend on Mother's Day gifts, 42 percent of the sons and daughters answered “between 33 and 55 dollars.” 21 percent, a slight increase from last year, said “less than 33 dollars,” indicating a tendency to spend less on Mother's Day gifts.

Pronouns （代名詞）

English Pronouns

Personal Pronoun Demonstrative Pronoun Indefinite Pronoun Interrogative Pronoun Relative Pronoun

Personal Pronoun　　　　　　　　　　（人称代名詞）

単数 複数

1 人称 I my me we our us

2 人称 you your you you your you

3 人称

he his him

they their themshe her Her

it its it

Exercise 4

(1) Nancy is my friend.

⇒ She

(2) You and I are university students.

⇒ We

(3) There are three books on the desk. These books are mine.

⇒ They

(4) I will invite you and your husband to a party.

⇒ you

Let’s try some more

(1) I made Ann a cake.

　　⇒ her

(2) I sent the photos to Bill.

　　 the photos ⇒ them

　　 Bill ⇒ him

(3) Her new baby is tiny. The baby only weighs 2 kilograms.

　　⇒ It (She/He)

Demonstrative 　　　　 Pronoun （指示代名詞） This/these, that/those are used as

pronounsThis is my umbrella.These are my old classmates.Is that your brother?This is my brother Ken.This chair is too low. I’ll sit on that

(one).

Indefinite Pronoun　　　　　　　　　　（不定代名詞） You, one and they as indefinite pronouns

One must do one’s best. One / You must observe rules. They say it’s going to be hot today. They speak Chinese in China.

その他の不定代名詞 none, some, any, other, another, each,

every, both, all, either, neither, someone, something, everything, etc.

Interrogative Pronoun　　　　　　　　　　（疑問代名詞）

主格 所有格 目的格

誰（人） who whose who(m)

何（人・物） what ---- what

どれ（人・物）

which ---- which

Who is standing over there? Whose birthday is this? Who are the girls looking at? What is Betty going to do? Which do you better, winter or

summer?

Relative Pronoun　　　　　　　　　　（関係代名詞） See Chapters 17 & 18

Exercise 5

(1) This is a book. （複数形に）　⇒ These are books.

(2) It was a beautiful flower. （複数形に）　⇒ They were beautiful flowers.

(3) There is a dish on the table. （ one をtwo に）

　⇒ There are two dishes on the table.

(4) He is a Chinese. （複数形に）　⇒ They are Chinese.

(5) One dog is running after a rabbit. （ oneを three に）

　⇒ Three dogs are running after a rabbit.

(6) My brother is a police officer. （複数形に）

　⇒ My brothers are police officers.

Exercise on the Web

Pronouns_01 　　　　　易 Pronouns_02 Pronouns_03 Pronouns_04 　　　　　難 Plurals_01 （名詞の複数形） Plurals_02 （名詞の複数形パズル） Quantifiers_02 （数量詞） Quantifiers_01 （数量詞）

Vocabulary (p.87)

inventionThe invention of the computer has

changed our life style. pollution

Environmental pollution is a serious problem.

efficientEfficient machines help improve

economic development.

enableComputers enabled us to reach the

moon. surroundings

The surroundings of Kyoto are beautiful.

windshieldThe windshield separates us from the

outside of the car.

wrongIt is wrong for you to think so.

dangerousIt is dangerous to invest in stocks.

commonThe common language in Thailand is

Thai.

terribleAn atomic bomb is a terrible weapon.

foreignShe spoke with a foreign accent.

internationalJapan has several international

airports.

aliveThe sparrow was caught alive in the

net. asleep

I fell asleep during the class. calm

Ted spoke in a calm manner.

humanIt is important to respect human rights.

mysteriousLove is mysterious.

femaleFemale animals are usually smaller

than their mates.

familiarI am familiar with these songs.

perfectThe murderer committed a perfect

crime. convenient

The subway system in Tokyo is very convenient.

professionalProfessional baseball is popular in

Japan.

See you on Friday!See you on Friday!