Nouns and Pronouns

Identify the correct use of nouns (i.e., common and proper,

singular, plurals, possessives) and pronouns (i.e., subject,

object, possessive, and agreement) within context.

What is a noun?

A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.

Intro to Nouns

Definition A noun is the name of a person,

place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a noun.

Every noun is either common or proper, concrete or abstract, and singular or plural.

Tell if the underlined word in each sentence is a noun. If so, tell if it names a person, place, thing, or

idea. The sky was a canvas of blues and

whites. My teacher was glad to see me this

morning. The team practices every night at

5:00 p.m. How did the glass get broken? The United States was founded in

1776. My friend Janice lives next door to

me. The happiness of the group is very

important.

What kinds nouns are there

Common noun Proper nouns Plural nouns Singular noun Countable nouns Uncountable nouns Concrete nouns Abstract nouns

Common and Proper Nouns

A COMMON NOUN names a general person, place, thing, or idea.

Common nouns begin with a lowercase letter, unless found at the beginning of a sentence or part of a title.

A PROPER NOUN names a specific person, place, thing, or idea.

Proper nouns begin with a capital letter.

Common and Proper Noun Examples

These common nouns are words for animals.e.g. kitten, lpuppy,tiger,foal,goat,whale,frog,tadpole,kangaroo .

These common nouns are words for people .e.g. artist, director, writer ,magician ,lawyer ,farmer ,clerk .

These common nouns are words for things.

Chair,bicycle,television,hammer,ladder,computer,axe,calculator,cooker

people’s names are proper nouns.Harry Potter , George ,Mom, Santa Claus .

days of the week and the months of the year are proper nouns.(Sunday ,January ,August , Monday , February )

The names of special days and celebrations are also proper nouns.Valentine’s Day, Independence Day, Christmas, Labor Day ,Memorial Day , Flag Day, Thanksgiving .

Common and Proper Nouns

Tell if each of the following nouns is a common noun or a proper noun.

shirt paper Fairmont China

baseball Atlanta carFord

college shoe Adidascandy

McDonald’s movie Deltafriend

For each common noun, give an example of a proper

noun.Common Properdrink Gatoradestateteacherteamschoolsong

For each proper noun, give an example of a common

noun.Common Proper

Food CitySpidermanRachelDollywoodScience Hill

High O’Hare

International

Singular and Plural Nouns

A singular noun names ONE person, place, thing, or idea.

A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.

Ways to Make a Noun Plural

Ending Rule

Add –s Most words will only require adding an s to the end (add –s to words that end in a vowel-y, such as monkeys)

Add -es Add –es to words than end in –s, -x, -ch, -z (double z), and –sh. Some words that end in –o, will also add –es

Change –y to –i and add -es

For words that end in a consonant-y, drop the –y and add -ies, such as cities, berries, duties, etc.

Change –f or –fe to -ves

For some words that end in –f or –fe…examples include calves, knives, halves, etc.

Irregular (word can stay same or change)

Stay the same= deer, sheep, moose, etc.Change= children, men, mice, geese

Determine the plural form of each noun

day fairy glass

knife mouse boxbeach brush toywoman person patchtray school childfantasy author

teacherruby gummy shelf

Pronunciation of final s – es

[s] Voiceless sounds that cause the

plural “s” to be pronounced as [s] include:[p], [t], [k], [f]

Example weeks bits backs briefs

Voiced sounds that cause the plural “s” to be pronounced as [z] include:

[b], [d], [g], [l], [r], [w], [m], [n], [v], [y]

Example webs - beds - bags - bells - jars -

doves canoes (note the [uw] vowel sound

ends in a [w]) straws - limbs - fans - delays

[z]

[ɪz] The sounds that cause the plural

“s” to be pronounced with an additional syllable [ɪz] include:

[ch] [sh] [dge] [s] [z] Example watches - bridges judges - slices blazes classes

Possessive Nouns Possessive nouns are nouns that

show ownership. John owns a car. ('John' is the

possessor or owner)Ex: It is John's car. America has some gold reserves.

('America' is the owner) Ex : They are America's gold reserves. It can also express other

relationships. Ex: John's mother.- Possessive nouns can be singular or

plural.

Singular Possessive Nouns

For a singular noun that does not end in –s, you will add an ’s

-Example: The teacher’s desk was in the front.

For a singular noun that ends in –s, you can add ’s, but most sources recommend only adding an apostrophe.

-Example: The bus’s tire was flat. The bus’ tire was flat.

Plural Possessive Nouns

For plural nouns that do not end in –s, you add ‘s to make the plural possessive.

-Example: The children’s coats were placed in the coat room.

-Example: The men’s restroom was located in the back of the restaurant.

-Example: The people’s opinions were made known at the protest.

adjective

-An adjective is a word which describes something.

-It can tell you what it Looks like - Feels like - Smells

like Tastes like - Sounds like

They usually answer 2 questions. HOW MANY? WHAT KIND?

Using adjectives to describe a noun

The boy ran down the street .+( adjective )

The naughty boy ran down the street.

I put on my jumper.+( adjective ) I put on my soft colourful jumper. They went in to the pool. +

( adjective ) They went in to the deep pool.

Using nouns as adjectives

The "noun as adjective" always comes first

a horse race is a race for horses a boat race is a race for boats a love story is a story about love a war story is a story about war a tennis ball is a ball for playing

tennis tennis shoes are shoes for playing

tennis a computer exhibition is an

exhibition of computers

Pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns. There are different types of pronoun . 1-A subject pronoun is used as the

subject of a sentence : he, she, they, we, I, it, you.

Ex: You and I will meet later2-An object pronoun is used as the

direct/indirect object or the object of a preposition : him, her, them, us, me, it, you.

Ex: Give the book to me.

Possessive pronouns are pronouns that demonstrate ownerships.

Possessive pronouns include my, mine, our, ours, its, his, her, hers, their, theirs, your, yours, whose, and one's - all words that demonstrate ownership.

1-The smallest cup is yours. 2- His hair is longer than hers. 3- My house is small. 4-Our house is big.

Possessive pronouns have two forms. One form is used before a

noun. The other form is used alone.

ours yours theirs

mine yours

his, hers, its

Used alone

our your their

my your

his, her, its

Used before nouns

Plural Singular

3-Reflexive Pronoun

A reflexive pronoun refers back to another noun or pronoun in the sentence.

The reflexive pronouns are: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves and themselves.

1 - I often ask myself why I left London. 2 - They themselves knew that the

prank was in bad taste. 3- The dog bit itself.

Possessive adjectives and Possessive pronouns

Possessive adjectives: Possessive adjectives are determiners or pronouns that modify a noun by attributing possession. That is my car. This is your car. This is her notebook.

Possessive pronouns: Possessive pronouns replaces a noun or another pronoun. They are used to make a sentences less repetitive.

That car is mine. The book is his.

Category

Pronouns

Example

Possessive

adjectives

my, your, his, her, its, our, their.

My pink jacket.

Possessive

pronouns

mine, yours,

hers, his, its, ours, theirs.

I think that is yours.

Subject – Verb – Object

sentence is commonly defined as "a complete unit of thought." Normally, a sentence expresses a relationship, conveys a command, voices a question, or describes someone or something. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.

The basic parts of a sentence are the subject and the verb. The subject is usually a noun--a word (or phrase) that names a person, place, or thing. The predicate (or verb) usually follows the subject and identifies an action or a state of being.

nouns may also function as objects in sentences. Instead of performing the action, as subjects usually do, objects receive the action and usually follow the verb.

word or phrase in a sentence referring to the person or thing receiving the action of a transitive verb. For example, in English, I

- Mail the letter and call him, letter and him are direct objects.

Tick the right choice -Took Jane a test.-A test Jane took.-Jane took a test.

-She home drives after work-Home she drives after work.-She drives home afer work

-Simon played golf.-Golf Simon played.-Played golf Simon.

-Left everyone the party early.-The party everyone left early.-Everyone left the party early.

On – In – At In On At Months: in January / in April ,Seasons: in spring / in winter, Years: in 1984 / in 2015Centuries: in the 20th century, Times of day: in the morning / in the evening Longer periods of time: in the past / in the 1990s / in the holidays

Days of the week: on Monday -Days + parts of days: on Tuesday afternoon / on Saturday morningsDates: on November 22ndSpecial days: on my birthday / on New Year’s Eve

Clock times: at 7.30 a.m. / at 5 o'clock Festivals: at Christmas / at Easter Exceptions: at night / at the weekend

Prepositions of Time: at, in, onWe use:

at in on

PRECISE TIMEMONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS

DAYS and DATES

at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday

at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays

at noon in the summer on 6 March

at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day

at sunrise in the next centuryon Independence Day

at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday

at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard

expressionsExpression Example

at night The stars shine at night.

at the weekend*I don't usually work at the weekend.

at Christmas*/EasterI stay with my family at Christmas.

at the same timeWe finished the test at the same time.

At present He's not home at present. Try later

In On

in the mornings on Saturday mornings

in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons

in the evening(s) on Monday evening

Word order place and time

Time Subject Verb Object Place Time

I have breakfast in the kitchen.

They play handball in the gym

every Monday.

My friend is swimming

in the pool.

Every Saturday* Peter watches TV at home.