Nouns
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Transcript of Nouns
- 1. I. Singular and plural
2. Rule 1
- Most nouns at the end
- Bookbooks
- Carcars
3. Rule 2
- Nouns that end in s, ss, sh, ch, and x: add es
- Class classes
- Dish dishes
- Box boxes
4. Rule 3
- Nouns that end in vowel + y: add s
- Boy boys
- Key keys
5. Rule 4
- Nouns that end in consonant + y : ies
- Party parties
- Baby babies
6. Rule 5
- Nouns that end in o: add es
- Echo
- Hero
- Potato
- Tomato
7. Rule 6
- Some nouns that end in o add only s:
- Auto piano video
- Ghetto radio zoo
- Kangaroo solo
- Kilo soprano
- Memo studio
- Photo tatoo
8. Rule 7
- Some nouns that end in o and add s or es:
- Memento
- Mosquito
- Tornado
- Volcano
- Zero
9. Rule 8
- Nouns that end in f or fechange to ves:
- Calf shelf
- Half thief
- Knife wolf
- Leaf scarfscarves/scarfs
- Life
- Loaf
- Self
10. exceptions
- Belief beliefs
- Chief chiefs
- Cliff cliffs
- Roof roofs
11. Other exceptions
- man men
- woman women
- Child children
- Ox oxen
- Foot feet
- Goose geese
- Tooth teeth
- Mouse mice
- Louse lice
12. Some that stay the same
- Deer deer
- Fish fish
- Means means
- Offspring offspring
- Series series
- Sheep sheep
- Shrimp shrimp
- Species species
13. More exceptions
- Criterion criteria
- Phenomenon phenomena
14.
- Cactus cacti/catuses
- Fungus fungi
- Nucleus nuclei
- Stimulus stimuli
- Syllabus syllabi/syllabuses
15.
- Analysis analyses
- Basis bases
- Crisis crises
- Hypothesis hypotheses
- Oasis oases
- Parenthesis parentheses
- Thesis theses
16. Latin root
- Bacterium bacteria
- Curriculum curricula
- Datum data
- Medium media
- Memorandum memoranda
17.
- Formula formulae
- Vertebra vertebrae
- Appendix appendices/appendixes
- Index indices/indexes
18. Possessive nouns
- Singular noun+apostrophe+s+possession
- Boys eyes
- Carloss house
19. Plural nouns that end in s
- Plural noun+apostrophe+possession
- The boys car
- The girls sport
20. Plural noun exception
- Plural noun+apostrophe+s+possession
- The childrenstoys
- The mices tails
21. Using nouns as modifiers
- When a noun is used as modifiers, it is used in its singular form:
- Vegetable soup > they add as adjectives and adjectives never take s
- A five-year-old son
22. Count nouns
- May be preceded by a/an in the singular
- It can change to plural
- Chairchairs
- A book three books
23. Noncount nouns
- Many nouns refer to a whole that is made up of different parts:
- Furniture fruit mail
- Sugargarbage makeup
- Coffee hardware money
- Baggage jewelry cash/change
- Clothing junk postage
- Equipment luggage scenery
- Food machinery traffic
24. A phenomenon of nature
- Sunshine rain
- Weather sleet
- Dew snow
- Fog thunder
- Hail wind
- Heat darkness
- Humidity light
- Lightning electricity
- Rain fire
25. fluids
- Water
- Coffee
- Tea
- Milk
- Oil
- Soup
- Gasoline
- Blood
26. solids
- Ice paper
- Bread wood
- Butter cotton
- Cheese wool
- Meat
- Gold
- Iron
- Silver
- glass
27. gases
- Steam
- Air
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Smoke
- Smog
- Pollution
28. particles
- Rice
- Chalk
- Corn
- Dirt
- Dust
- Flour
- Grass
- Hair
- Pepper
- Salt
- Sand
- Sugar
- wheat
29. abstractions
- Beauty,confidence, courage, education, enjoyment
- Fun, happiness, health, help, honesty, hospitality,
- Importance, intelligence, justice, knowledge, laughter, luck, music, patience, peace, pride, progress, sleep,
- Recreation, significance, truth, violence, wealth
- Advice, information, news, evidence, proof
- Time, space, energy
- Homework, work
- Grammar, slang, vocabulary
30. languages
- Arabic, Chinese, English
31. Fields of study
- Chemistry
- Engineering
- History
- Literature
- Mathematics
32. recreation
- Baseball
- Soccertennis
- Chess
- Bridge
- poker
33. Activities : gerunds
- Driving
- Studying
- Swimming
- Traveling
34. Some can be count or noncount
- Ana has brown hair.
- I founda hairin the soup.
- I let the light in.
- Dont forget to turn on the light of the room.
35. Guidelines for article usage
- The:
- 1. when you assume the listener is familiar
- Please open the door.
- 2. for the second mention of an indefinite noun
- The man was outside.
36.
- 3. dont use the forplural count or noncount when are making a generalization
- Gold is a metal.
37. Expressions used with count nouns
- One a number of
- Each no
- Every some/any
- Twoplenty
- Both most
- A couple of all
- A few
- Several
- many
38. Expressions used with noncounts
- A little
- Much
- A great deal of
- No
- Some/any
- A lot/lots of
- Plenty of
- Most
- all
39. A fewanda little
- Give a positive idea, they indicate that something exists:
- She has a few friends.
- Im glad, I have saved a little money.
40. Few and little
- Give a negative idea
- They indicate that something is largely absent
- I feel sorry for her, she has few friends.
- I have little money.
- Very+ few/little
- I have very little money. I dont even have money to buy food.
41. Expressions of quantity that always contain of
- A lot of
- Lots of
- A number of
- A great deal of
- A majority of
- Plenty of
42. Expressions that sometimes have ofand sometimes not
- All both
- Most several
- Almost all some
- Many any
- Much when the noun is specific preceded:
- A few my
- A little this
- One the
- Two
43. Dont use of with nonspecific
- Many books are here.
44. All of/ both of
- Specific: of is optional
- All of the students are here.
- All students are here.
- Both of those men are here.